A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Autistic Traits in the UK, India and Malaysia / Megan FREETH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-11 (November 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-11 (November 2013) . - p.2569-2583 Titre : A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Autistic Traits in the UK, India and Malaysia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Megan FREETH, Auteur ; Elizabeth SHEPPARD, Auteur ; Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MILNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2569-2583 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Culture  Autistic traits  Western  Eastern  India  Malaysia  UK Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The disorder of autism is widely recognised throughout the world. However, the diagnostic criteria and theories of autism are based on research predominantly conducted in Western cultures. Here we compare the expression of autistic traits in a sample of neurotypical individuals from one Western culture (UK) and two Eastern cultures (India and Malaysia), using the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) in order to identify possible cultural differences in the expression of autistic traits. Behaviours associated with autistic traits were reported to a greater extent in the Eastern cultures than the Western culture. Males scored higher than females and science students scored higher than non-science students in each culture. Indian students scored higher than both other groups on the Imagination sub-scale, Malaysian students scored higher than both other groups on the Attention Switching sub-scale. The underlying factor structures of the AQ for each population were derived and discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=217 [article] A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Autistic Traits in the UK, India and Malaysia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Megan FREETH, Auteur ; Elizabeth SHEPPARD, Auteur ; Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MILNE, Auteur . - p.2569-2583. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-11 (November 2013) . - p.2569-2583 Mots-clés : Culture  Autistic traits  Western  Eastern  India  Malaysia  UK Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The disorder of autism is widely recognised throughout the world. However, the diagnostic criteria and theories of autism are based on research predominantly conducted in Western cultures. Here we compare the expression of autistic traits in a sample of neurotypical individuals from one Western culture (UK) and two Eastern cultures (India and Malaysia), using the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) in order to identify possible cultural differences in the expression of autistic traits. Behaviours associated with autistic traits were reported to a greater extent in the Eastern cultures than the Western culture. Males scored higher than females and science students scored higher than non-science students in each culture. Indian students scored higher than both other groups on the Imagination sub-scale, Malaysian students scored higher than both other groups on the Attention Switching sub-scale. The underlying factor structures of the AQ for each population were derived and discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=217

Do individuals with autism spectrum disorders infer traits from behavior? / Rajani RAMACHANDRAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-7 (July 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-7 (July 2009) . - p.871-878 Titre : Do individuals with autism spectrum disorders infer traits from behavior? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur ; Danielle ROPAR, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.871-878 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism traits theory-of-mind inferences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Traits and mental states are considered to be inter-related parts of theory of mind. Attribution research demonstrates the influential role played by traits in social cognition. However, there has been little investigation into how individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) understand traits. Method: The ability of individuals with ASD to infer traits from descriptions of behavior was investigated by asking participants to read trait-implying sentences and then to choose one of two words that best related to the sentence. Results: In Experiment 1, individuals with ASD performed similarly to matched controls in being faster at choosing the trait in comparison to the semantic associate of one of the words in the sentence. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 provided converging evidence in suggesting that inferring traits from textual descriptions of behavior occurs with relatively little effort. The results of Experiment 3 suggested that making trait inferences took priority over inferring actions or making semantic connections between words. Conclusions: Individuals with ASD infer traits from descriptions of behavior effortlessly and spontaneously. The possibility of trait inference being a spared socio-cognitive function in autism is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02053.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=772 [article] Do individuals with autism spectrum disorders infer traits from behavior? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur ; Danielle ROPAR, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.871-878. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-7 (July 2009) . - p.871-878 Mots-clés : Autism traits theory-of-mind inferences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Traits and mental states are considered to be inter-related parts of theory of mind. Attribution research demonstrates the influential role played by traits in social cognition. However, there has been little investigation into how individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) understand traits. Method: The ability of individuals with ASD to infer traits from descriptions of behavior was investigated by asking participants to read trait-implying sentences and then to choose one of two words that best related to the sentence. Results: In Experiment 1, individuals with ASD performed similarly to matched controls in being faster at choosing the trait in comparison to the semantic associate of one of the words in the sentence. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 provided converging evidence in suggesting that inferring traits from textual descriptions of behavior occurs with relatively little effort. The results of Experiment 3 suggested that making trait inferences took priority over inferring actions or making semantic connections between words. Conclusions: Individuals with ASD infer traits from descriptions of behavior effortlessly and spontaneously. The possibility of trait inference being a spared socio-cognitive function in autism is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02053.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=772

A qualitative study on perspective of parents of children with autism on the nature of parent-professional relationship in Kerala, India / Rajani RAMACHANDRAN in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1521-1530 Titre : A qualitative study on perspective of parents of children with autism on the nature of parent-professional relationship in Kerala, India Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1521-1530 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : India  autism  parent–professional relationship  qualitative research  therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study explored the nature of relationship between parents of children with autism and professionals who provide therapy-based services for autism in Kerala, India. Given the shortage of professionally qualified therapists and educators (particularly in the case of autism) in low- and medium-income countries, parent-mediated interventions where professionals and parents work as partners are recommended as an effective means to meet the demand. However, for parent-mediated interventions to be effective, we first need to understand the customary nature of parent-professional relationship and develop the intervention accordingly. It is within this context that parents of 21 children with autism whose age ranged between 5.8 and 17.3?years were interviewed in order to understand the customary nature of parent-professional relationship. There was a dearth of scheduled, in-depth, and personalized one-on-one interaction between the parent and the professional. Though parents were involved hands on in their child's training under professional direction, they remained mere information providers in decision making. The parent-professional relationship did not nurture parent's self efficacy. This led to parents feeling inadequate to provide for their child's developmental needs and being apprehensive about adulthood. The customary nature of parent-professional relationship observed may be a reflection of the collectivist culture in India. The findings suggest that parent-mediated interventions will need to focus on enabling parents to break cultural barriers that might be holding them back from partnering with professionals as equals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320912156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 [article] A qualitative study on perspective of parents of children with autism on the nature of parent-professional relationship in Kerala, India [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur . - p.1521-1530. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1521-1530 Mots-clés : India  autism  parent–professional relationship  qualitative research  therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study explored the nature of relationship between parents of children with autism and professionals who provide therapy-based services for autism in Kerala, India. Given the shortage of professionally qualified therapists and educators (particularly in the case of autism) in low- and medium-income countries, parent-mediated interventions where professionals and parents work as partners are recommended as an effective means to meet the demand. However, for parent-mediated interventions to be effective, we first need to understand the customary nature of parent-professional relationship and develop the intervention accordingly. It is within this context that parents of 21 children with autism whose age ranged between 5.8 and 17.3?years were interviewed in order to understand the customary nature of parent-professional relationship. There was a dearth of scheduled, in-depth, and personalized one-on-one interaction between the parent and the professional. Though parents were involved hands on in their child's training under professional direction, they remained mere information providers in decision making. The parent-professional relationship did not nurture parent's self efficacy. This led to parents feeling inadequate to provide for their child's developmental needs and being apprehensive about adulthood. The customary nature of parent-professional relationship observed may be a reflection of the collectivist culture in India. The findings suggest that parent-mediated interventions will need to focus on enabling parents to break cultural barriers that might be holding them back from partnering with professionals as equals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320912156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428

Recognizing faces based on inferred traits in autism spectrum disorders / Rajani RAMACHANDRAN in Autism, 14-6 (November 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 14-6 (November 2010) . - p.605-618 Titre : Recognizing faces based on inferred traits in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur ; Danielle ROPAR, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.605-618 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent findings indicate that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could, surprisingly, infer traits from behavioural descriptions. Now we need to know whether or not individuals with ASD are able to use trait information to identify people by their faces. In this study participants with and without ASD were presented with pairs of faces each accompanied by a sentence. One sentence allowed a trait to be inferred (e.g. ‘This is Ross who smiled and said hello to everyone at the party.’) and one allowed a fact to be inferred (e.g. ‘This is Ben who has to bend down to enter most doors.’). Subsequently, the same face stimuli were presented with a single descriptive trait, fact or name cue (e.g. friendly or tall and Ross or Ben respectively in the above examples). Participants had to choose which of the faces best related to the cue word. Participants with ASD performed surprisingly well in associating traits, facts, and names to the appropriate person significantly above what would be expected by chance. Indeed, they performed as well as participants without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310372777 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 [article] Recognizing faces based on inferred traits in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rajani RAMACHANDRAN, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur ; Danielle ROPAR, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.605-618. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 14-6 (November 2010) . - p.605-618 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent findings indicate that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could, surprisingly, infer traits from behavioural descriptions. Now we need to know whether or not individuals with ASD are able to use trait information to identify people by their faces. In this study participants with and without ASD were presented with pairs of faces each accompanied by a sentence. One sentence allowed a trait to be inferred (e.g. ‘This is Ross who smiled and said hello to everyone at the party.’) and one allowed a fact to be inferred (e.g. ‘This is Ben who has to bend down to enter most doors.’). Subsequently, the same face stimuli were presented with a single descriptive trait, fact or name cue (e.g. friendly or tall and Ross or Ben respectively in the above examples). Participants had to choose which of the faces best related to the cue word. Participants with ASD performed surprisingly well in associating traits, facts, and names to the appropriate person significantly above what would be expected by chance. Indeed, they performed as well as participants without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310372777 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114

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