Attachment in adolescence: overlap with parenting and unique prediction of behavioural adjustment / Stephen SCOTT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-10 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-10 (October 2011) . - p.1052-1062 Titre : Attachment in adolescence: overlap with parenting and unique prediction of behavioural adjustment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Stephen SCOTT, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Sajid HUMAYUN, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1052-1062 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  antisocial behaviour  behaviour problems  adolescence  parent–child relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attachment theory was conceptualized by Bowlby as relevant across the life span, from ‘cradle to grave’. The research literature on attachment in infants and preschool-aged children is extensive, but it is limited in adolescence. In particular, it is unclear whether or not attachment security is distinguishable from other qualities of the parent–adolescent relationship and predicts adjustment independently of alternate measures of it. Methods:  Data from three parallel studies of adolescents, representing normal- to high-risk status, were combined, n = 248. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview, a recently constructed measure designed for older children and adolescents. Parent–adolescent relationship quality was assessed in detail through questionnaires, interviews and observation of a standard problem-solving interaction. Adolescent adjustment was assessed through parental psychiatric interview, teacher questionnaire and adolescent self-report. Results:  Bivariate analyses showed that secure attachment representations were modestly associated with diverse measures of the current parent–adolescent relationship such as monitoring, negative expressed emotion, and directly observed parental warmth and anger. In addition, attachment representations were reliably associated with key indicators of psychological adjustment in adolescence, including parent-rated oppositional-defiant disorder symptoms and teacher-reported emotional and behavioural difficulties. Regression analyses revealed that secure attachment representations explained unique variance in these indicators of adjustment, independent of alternative measures of the parent–adolescent relationship. Conclusion:  Adolescents’ representational models of attachment are related to but distinct from current parenting quality and provide unique insight into the understanding of behavioural adjustment. The findings support a distinct conceptual role of attachment representations in adolescence. Clinical assessment and treatment models should include attachment patterns in this age group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02453.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142 [article] Attachment in adolescence: overlap with parenting and unique prediction of behavioural adjustment [texte imprimé] / Stephen SCOTT, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Sajid HUMAYUN, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1052-1062. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-10 (October 2011) . - p.1052-1062 Mots-clés : Attachment  antisocial behaviour  behaviour problems  adolescence  parent–child relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attachment theory was conceptualized by Bowlby as relevant across the life span, from ‘cradle to grave’. The research literature on attachment in infants and preschool-aged children is extensive, but it is limited in adolescence. In particular, it is unclear whether or not attachment security is distinguishable from other qualities of the parent–adolescent relationship and predicts adjustment independently of alternate measures of it. Methods:  Data from three parallel studies of adolescents, representing normal- to high-risk status, were combined, n = 248. Attachment was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview, a recently constructed measure designed for older children and adolescents. Parent–adolescent relationship quality was assessed in detail through questionnaires, interviews and observation of a standard problem-solving interaction. Adolescent adjustment was assessed through parental psychiatric interview, teacher questionnaire and adolescent self-report. Results:  Bivariate analyses showed that secure attachment representations were modestly associated with diverse measures of the current parent–adolescent relationship such as monitoring, negative expressed emotion, and directly observed parental warmth and anger. In addition, attachment representations were reliably associated with key indicators of psychological adjustment in adolescence, including parent-rated oppositional-defiant disorder symptoms and teacher-reported emotional and behavioural difficulties. Regression analyses revealed that secure attachment representations explained unique variance in these indicators of adjustment, independent of alternative measures of the parent–adolescent relationship. Conclusion:  Adolescents’ representational models of attachment are related to but distinct from current parenting quality and provide unique insight into the understanding of behavioural adjustment. The findings support a distinct conceptual role of attachment representations in adolescence. Clinical assessment and treatment models should include attachment patterns in this age group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02453.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142

Callous-unemotional traits in children and mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love: a treatment target? / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.771-780 Titre : Callous-unemotional traits in children and mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love: a treatment target? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. ALLEN, Auteur ; Kimberley MCGREGOR, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.771-780 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathy  callous-unemotional traits  eye contact  empathy  attachment  parenting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We previously hypothesised that the early development of psychopathy is associated with a failure to attend to the eyes of attachment figures, and we have presented preliminary data from a parent–child ‘love’ scenario in support of this. Here, we confirm the association in a larger sample and test mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love in control and behaviourally disturbed children. Methods Oppositional defiant disorder children, assessed for callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and controls, were observed in a brief interaction task where the mother was asked to show love to her child. Eye contact and affection were measured for each dyad. Results As predicted, there were no group differences in affection and eye contact expressed by mothers; levels of CU traits predicted low levels of eye contact towards their mothers across all groups of children. As expected, low eye contact was correlated with psychopathic fearlessness in their fathers, and maternal reports of negative feelings towards the child. Independent observations showed that child's behaviour largely drives the low eye contact associated with CU traits, and low eye contact was not associated with independent observations of the quality of attachment-related behaviours in mothers. Conclusions Impaired eye contact is a unique characteristic of children with CU traits; these impairments are largely independent of maternal behaviour, but associated with psychopathic traits in the fathers. These impairments should be tested for functional significance and amenability to change in longitudinal and treatment studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Callous-unemotional traits in children and mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love: a treatment target? [texte imprimé] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. ALLEN, Auteur ; Kimberley MCGREGOR, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.771-780. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.771-780 Mots-clés : Psychopathy  callous-unemotional traits  eye contact  empathy  attachment  parenting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We previously hypothesised that the early development of psychopathy is associated with a failure to attend to the eyes of attachment figures, and we have presented preliminary data from a parent–child ‘love’ scenario in support of this. Here, we confirm the association in a larger sample and test mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love in control and behaviourally disturbed children. Methods Oppositional defiant disorder children, assessed for callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and controls, were observed in a brief interaction task where the mother was asked to show love to her child. Eye contact and affection were measured for each dyad. Results As predicted, there were no group differences in affection and eye contact expressed by mothers; levels of CU traits predicted low levels of eye contact towards their mothers across all groups of children. As expected, low eye contact was correlated with psychopathic fearlessness in their fathers, and maternal reports of negative feelings towards the child. Independent observations showed that child's behaviour largely drives the low eye contact associated with CU traits, and low eye contact was not associated with independent observations of the quality of attachment-related behaviours in mothers. Conclusions Impaired eye contact is a unique characteristic of children with CU traits; these impairments are largely independent of maternal behaviour, but associated with psychopathic traits in the fathers. These impairments should be tested for functional significance and amenability to change in longitudinal and treatment studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Early caregiving predicts attachment representations in adolescence: findings from two longitudinal studies / Thomas G. O'CONNOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-9 (September 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-9 (September 2019) . - p.944-952 Titre : Early caregiving predicts attachment representations in adolescence: findings from two longitudinal studies Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Sajid HUMAYUN, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.944-952 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  attachment  longitudinal  parent-child interactions  psychosocial risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A growing research base demonstrates that adolescents' construction of secure attachment relationships may underlie successful social and personal relationships and healthy behavioral adjustment. Little is known about the early caregiving origins of adolescent attachment security; this study provides some of the first data on this topic. METHOD: The relative contribution of early and current caregiving quality to attachment security in adolescence was assessed in two longitudinal studies of a clinic-referred and an at-risk community sample using identical measures (n = 209). Quality of early parent-child relationships at age 3-7 years of age and parent-adolescent relationship quality at approximately 12 years were assessed using observational methods; psychosocial risk was derived from extensive interview and questionnaire assessments; adolescent attachment quality was assessed using a standard attachment interview. RESULTS: Analyses indicated moderate stability in observed parent-child interaction quality from early childhood to adolescence. Observational ratings of both early childhood and current caregiving quality were significantly associated with adolescent attachment security; however, early caregiver sensitivity was more strongly associated with adolescent attachment security and predicted later attachment security independently from current caregiving quality. Follow-up analyses indicated that this longitudinal prediction was significantly weaker in the clinic than in the at-risk community sample. CONCLUSIONS: Parental sensitive responding in childhood has enduring effects on attachment representation in adolescence, independent of current parenting relationship quality. These findings provide important new evidence supporting early parenting interventions for promoting youth well-being and adjustment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405 [article] Early caregiving predicts attachment representations in adolescence: findings from two longitudinal studies [texte imprimé] / Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Sajid HUMAYUN, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. BRISKMAN, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.944-952. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-9 (September 2019) . - p.944-952 Mots-clés : Adolescence  attachment  longitudinal  parent-child interactions  psychosocial risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A growing research base demonstrates that adolescents' construction of secure attachment relationships may underlie successful social and personal relationships and healthy behavioral adjustment. Little is known about the early caregiving origins of adolescent attachment security; this study provides some of the first data on this topic. METHOD: The relative contribution of early and current caregiving quality to attachment security in adolescence was assessed in two longitudinal studies of a clinic-referred and an at-risk community sample using identical measures (n = 209). Quality of early parent-child relationships at age 3-7 years of age and parent-adolescent relationship quality at approximately 12 years were assessed using observational methods; psychosocial risk was derived from extensive interview and questionnaire assessments; adolescent attachment quality was assessed using a standard attachment interview. RESULTS: Analyses indicated moderate stability in observed parent-child interaction quality from early childhood to adolescence. Observational ratings of both early childhood and current caregiving quality were significantly associated with adolescent attachment security; however, early caregiver sensitivity was more strongly associated with adolescent attachment security and predicted later attachment security independently from current caregiving quality. Follow-up analyses indicated that this longitudinal prediction was significantly weaker in the clinic than in the at-risk community sample. CONCLUSIONS: Parental sensitive responding in childhood has enduring effects on attachment representation in adolescence, independent of current parenting relationship quality. These findings provide important new evidence supporting early parenting interventions for promoting youth well-being and adjustment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405

'Instruments are good at eliciting information; scores are very dangerous': The perspectives of clinical professionals regarding neurodevelopmental assessment / Barry COUGHLAN in Autism, 27-4 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-4 (May 2023) . - p.905-915 Titre : 'Instruments are good at eliciting information; scores are very dangerous': The perspectives of clinical professionals regarding neurodevelopmental assessment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Barry COUGHLAN, Auteur ; Matt WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Emma J. WEISBLATT, Auteur ; Robbie DUSCHINSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.905-915 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,autism,clinical reasoning,qualitative,decision-making,diagnostic upgrading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical judgement is a crucial part of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessments. This study aims to harness insights from psychology and sociology to explore clinical perspectives and assessment practices of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Qualitative interviews were conducted with health care professionals (n=17). Interviews were conducted between January and May 2019. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Themes were sorted into two interrelated categories (1) approaches to diagnosis (2) elements of diagnosis. Approaches to diagnosis were comprised of the following subthemes: nature of diagnosis, application of diagnosis: natural and pragmatic, revisiting conceptualisations: sub-optimal practice & unhelpful diagnoses, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Elements of diagnosis contained three related subthemes: contextualising standardised assessments, triangulating material, organisational factors. There is sometimes a pragmatic as well as nosological dimension to diagnosis. Competing desires for consistency and utility add further complexity to neurodevelopmental assessment.Lay abstractAutism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are common behaviourally diagnosed conditions. One of the key aspects of diagnosis is clinical judgement. Yet despite decades of research, it is only in recent times that researchers have started exploring clinicians' perspectives on diagnosing these conditions. We aimed to add to this body of knowledge by conducting interviews with 17 experienced health care professionals in the United Kingdom to hear their perspectives on diagnosing autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinicians reflected that for some children and young people, diagnosis is reasonably straightforward; however, in other situations, decisions are made on more pragmatic grounds (i.e. will this be helpful). We identified some differences of opinion between professionals and organisation which adds to the complexity of applying a diagnosis. We recommend several areas for future research and point to some practical and philosophical implications of the work. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221121413 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499 [article] 'Instruments are good at eliciting information; scores are very dangerous': The perspectives of clinical professionals regarding neurodevelopmental assessment [texte imprimé] / Barry COUGHLAN, Auteur ; Matt WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Emma J. WEISBLATT, Auteur ; Robbie DUSCHINSKY, Auteur . - p.905-915. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-4 (May 2023) . - p.905-915 Mots-clés : attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,autism,clinical reasoning,qualitative,decision-making,diagnostic upgrading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical judgement is a crucial part of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessments. This study aims to harness insights from psychology and sociology to explore clinical perspectives and assessment practices of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Qualitative interviews were conducted with health care professionals (n=17). Interviews were conducted between January and May 2019. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Themes were sorted into two interrelated categories (1) approaches to diagnosis (2) elements of diagnosis. Approaches to diagnosis were comprised of the following subthemes: nature of diagnosis, application of diagnosis: natural and pragmatic, revisiting conceptualisations: sub-optimal practice & unhelpful diagnoses, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Elements of diagnosis contained three related subthemes: contextualising standardised assessments, triangulating material, organisational factors. There is sometimes a pragmatic as well as nosological dimension to diagnosis. Competing desires for consistency and utility add further complexity to neurodevelopmental assessment.Lay abstractAutism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are common behaviourally diagnosed conditions. One of the key aspects of diagnosis is clinical judgement. Yet despite decades of research, it is only in recent times that researchers have started exploring clinicians' perspectives on diagnosing these conditions. We aimed to add to this body of knowledge by conducting interviews with 17 experienced health care professionals in the United Kingdom to hear their perspectives on diagnosing autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinicians reflected that for some children and young people, diagnosis is reasonably straightforward; however, in other situations, decisions are made on more pragmatic grounds (i.e. will this be helpful). We identified some differences of opinion between professionals and organisation which adds to the complexity of applying a diagnosis. We recommend several areas for future research and point to some practical and philosophical implications of the work. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221121413 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499

Socioemotional profiles of autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and disinhibited and reactive attachment disorders: a symptom comparison and network approach / Barry COUGHLAN in Development and Psychopathology, 35-3 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-3 (August 2023) . - p.1026-1035 Titre : Socioemotional profiles of autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and disinhibited and reactive attachment disorders: a symptom comparison and network approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Barry COUGHLAN, Auteur ; Matt WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Robbie DUSCHINSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1026-1035 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  ASD  attachment  emotional  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disinhibited and reactive attachment disorders (RAD/DAD) often experience socioemotional problems. Elucidating a clear picture of these profiles is essential. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) were analysed from cohort of children with ASD (n = 1430), ADHD (n = 1193), and RAD/DAD (n = 39). Kruskal-Wallis Tests and network analytic techniques were used to investigate symptom profiles. Children with ASD experienced more emotional problems, peer problems and fewer prosocial behaviours. Children with ADHD and RAD/DAD had higher levels of hyperactivity and conduct problems. Overall, ASD and ADHD networks were highly correlated (rs = 0.82), and we did not observe a statistically significant difference in terms of global Strength. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000882 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510 [article] Socioemotional profiles of autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and disinhibited and reactive attachment disorders: a symptom comparison and network approach [texte imprimé] / Barry COUGHLAN, Auteur ; Matt WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Robbie DUSCHINSKY, Auteur . - p.1026-1035. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 35-3 (August 2023) . - p.1026-1035 Mots-clés : ADHD  ASD  attachment  emotional  social Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disinhibited and reactive attachment disorders (RAD/DAD) often experience socioemotional problems. Elucidating a clear picture of these profiles is essential. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) were analysed from cohort of children with ASD (n = 1430), ADHD (n = 1193), and RAD/DAD (n = 39). Kruskal-Wallis Tests and network analytic techniques were used to investigate symptom profiles. Children with ASD experienced more emotional problems, peer problems and fewer prosocial behaviours. Children with ADHD and RAD/DAD had higher levels of hyperactivity and conduct problems. Overall, ASD and ADHD networks were highly correlated (rs = 0.82), and we did not observe a statistically significant difference in terms of global Strength. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000882 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510

The representation of fathers by children of depressed mothers: refining the meaning of parentification in high-risk samples / Matthew WOOLGAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-5 (May 2010)  

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