Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study / Judith S. MILLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-1 (January 2013) . - p.200-210 Titre : Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Deborah A. BILDER, Auteur ; Megan A. FARLEY, Auteur ; Hilary H. COON, Auteur ; Judith PINBOROUGH-ZIMMERMAN, Auteur ; William R. JENSON, Auteur ; Catherine E. RICE, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Carmen B. PINGREE, Auteur ; Edward R. RITVO, Auteur ; Riva-Ariella RITVO, Auteur ; William M. MCMAHON, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.200-210 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Epidemiology  Prevalence  Diagnostic criteria  Intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of the present study was to re-examine diagnostic data from a state-wide autism prevalence study (n = 489) conducted in the 1980s to investigate the impact of broader diagnostic criteria on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case status. Sixty-four (59 %) of the 108 originally 'Diagnosed Not Autistic' met the current ASD case definition. The average IQ estimate in the newly identified group (IQ = 35.58; SD = 23.01) was significantly lower than in the original group (IQ = 56.19 SD = 21.21; t = 5.75; p .0001). Today's diagnostic criteria applied to participants ascertained in the 1980s identified more cases of autism with intellectual disability. The current analysis puts this historic work into context and highlights differences in ascertainment between epidemiological studies performed decades ago and those of today. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1566-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=187 [article] Autism Spectrum Disorder Reclassified: A Second Look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Deborah A. BILDER, Auteur ; Megan A. FARLEY, Auteur ; Hilary H. COON, Auteur ; Judith PINBOROUGH-ZIMMERMAN, Auteur ; William R. JENSON, Auteur ; Catherine E. RICE, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Carmen B. PINGREE, Auteur ; Edward R. RITVO, Auteur ; Riva-Ariella RITVO, Auteur ; William M. MCMAHON, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.200-210. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-1 (January 2013) . - p.200-210 Mots-clés : Autism  Epidemiology  Prevalence  Diagnostic criteria  Intellectual disability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of the present study was to re-examine diagnostic data from a state-wide autism prevalence study (n = 489) conducted in the 1980s to investigate the impact of broader diagnostic criteria on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case status. Sixty-four (59 %) of the 108 originally 'Diagnosed Not Autistic' met the current ASD case definition. The average IQ estimate in the newly identified group (IQ = 35.58; SD = 23.01) was significantly lower than in the original group (IQ = 56.19 SD = 21.21; t = 5.75; p .0001). Today's diagnostic criteria applied to participants ascertained in the 1980s identified more cases of autism with intellectual disability. The current analysis puts this historic work into context and highlights differences in ascertainment between epidemiological studies performed decades ago and those of today. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1566-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=187

Caregiver perspectives on interventions for behavior challenges in autistic children / Jessica E. TSCHIDA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 81 (March 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 81 (March 2021) . - 101714 Titre : Caregiver perspectives on interventions for behavior challenges in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica E. TSCHIDA, Auteur ; Brenna B. MADDOX, Auteur ; Jennifer R. BERTOLLO, Auteur ; Emily S. KUSCHNER, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Thomas H. OLLENDICK, Auteur ; Ross W. GREENE, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101714 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aggression  Autism  Intervention  Parent  School-age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis have high rates of behaviors such as aggression, oppositional behaviors, and tantrums. Despite effectiveness of interventions for these behavior challenges in a considerable number of autistic children, there is little information on stakeholder perspectives about available interventions. The present study preliminarily characterized caregiver perspectives on intervention for behavior challenges in school-age autistic children. Method 321 caregivers of autistic children completed a survey about interventions used to address behavior challenges. Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests and subsequent pairwise comparisons using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test with False-Discovery Rate-adjusted p-values (q<0.05) were conducted for caregiver ratings of interventions. Thematic analysis was conducted for caregivers’ open-ended suggestions for improving interventions. Results Caregivers indicated limited approval of attempted interventions. For children with an IQ ? 70, the omnibus test was significant for caregiver ratings of intervention helpfulness (?2(8) = 38.707, q<0.001, ?2 = 0.017) with medications and Collaborative & Proactive Solutions (CPS; Greene, 2010) therapy rated highest, and was significant for caregiver ratings of amount of improvement maintained over time (?2(8) = 46.013, q<0.001, ?2 = 0.020) with medications, CPS, applied behavioral analysis (ABA), and “other interventions” rated highest. For children with an IQ < 70, pairwise tests revealed no significant differences. Caregivers suggested improvements at the systems, provider, caregiver/family, and child/intervention levels. Conclusions Caregivers’ limited approval of interventions used to address behavior challenges suggests the need for improved intervention options. While medications and ABA are standard-of-care interventions, CPS may be a caregiver-preferred and efficacious option that is underutilized among autistic children with an IQ ? 70. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101714 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440 [article] Caregiver perspectives on interventions for behavior challenges in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica E. TSCHIDA, Auteur ; Brenna B. MADDOX, Auteur ; Jennifer R. BERTOLLO, Auteur ; Emily S. KUSCHNER, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Thomas H. OLLENDICK, Auteur ; Ross W. GREENE, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur . - 101714. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 81 (March 2021) . - 101714 Mots-clés : Aggression  Autism  Intervention  Parent  School-age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis have high rates of behaviors such as aggression, oppositional behaviors, and tantrums. Despite effectiveness of interventions for these behavior challenges in a considerable number of autistic children, there is little information on stakeholder perspectives about available interventions. The present study preliminarily characterized caregiver perspectives on intervention for behavior challenges in school-age autistic children. Method 321 caregivers of autistic children completed a survey about interventions used to address behavior challenges. Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum tests and subsequent pairwise comparisons using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test with False-Discovery Rate-adjusted p-values (q<0.05) were conducted for caregiver ratings of interventions. Thematic analysis was conducted for caregivers’ open-ended suggestions for improving interventions. Results Caregivers indicated limited approval of attempted interventions. For children with an IQ ? 70, the omnibus test was significant for caregiver ratings of intervention helpfulness (?2(8) = 38.707, q<0.001, ?2 = 0.017) with medications and Collaborative & Proactive Solutions (CPS; Greene, 2010) therapy rated highest, and was significant for caregiver ratings of amount of improvement maintained over time (?2(8) = 46.013, q<0.001, ?2 = 0.020) with medications, CPS, applied behavioral analysis (ABA), and “other interventions” rated highest. For children with an IQ < 70, pairwise tests revealed no significant differences. Caregivers suggested improvements at the systems, provider, caregiver/family, and child/intervention levels. Conclusions Caregivers’ limited approval of interventions used to address behavior challenges suggests the need for improved intervention options. While medications and ABA are standard-of-care interventions, CPS may be a caregiver-preferred and efficacious option that is underutilized among autistic children with an IQ ? 70. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101714 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Accommodations & Impact Scale for Developmental Disabilities / Manisha D. UDHNANI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-5 (May 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-5 (May 2024) . - p.1870-1881 Titre : Development and Preliminary Validation of the Accommodations & Impact Scale for Developmental Disabilities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Manisha D. UDHNANI, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Luc LECAVALIER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1870-1881 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The lives of caregivers can be deeply impacted by having a child with a developmental disability (DD). To offset those impacts, caregivers may engage in accommodations, or strategies to bolster everyday functioning. The nature and extent of these accommodations can provide insight into how the family is doing and what supports are needed from a family-centered perspective. This paper presents the development and preliminary validation of the Accommodations & Impact Scale for Developmental Disabilities (AISDD). The AISDD is a rating scale that measures day-to-day accommodations and impacts of raising a child with a DD. A sample of 407 caregivers of youth with DDs (Mage = 11.7 years; 63% males) completed the AISDD, along with measures of caregiver strain, daily challenges, child adaptive behavior, and behavior and emotional regulation. The AISDD is a unidimensional, 19-item scale with excellent internal consistency (ordinal alpha = .93) and test-retest (ICC = .95) reliability. Scores were normally distributed and sensitive to age (r = ? .19), diagnosis (ASD + ID > ASD > ID), adaptive functioning (r = ? .35), and challenging behaviors (r = .57). Finally, the AISDD showed excellent convergent validity with similar measures of accommodations and impacts. These findings support the use of the AISDD as a valid and reliable tool for measuring accommodations among caregivers of individuals with DDs. This measure shows promise in its ability to identify which families may need additional support for their children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05929-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=530 [article] Development and Preliminary Validation of the Accommodations & Impact Scale for Developmental Disabilities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Manisha D. UDHNANI, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Luc LECAVALIER, Auteur . - p.1870-1881. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-5 (May 2024) . - p.1870-1881 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The lives of caregivers can be deeply impacted by having a child with a developmental disability (DD). To offset those impacts, caregivers may engage in accommodations, or strategies to bolster everyday functioning. The nature and extent of these accommodations can provide insight into how the family is doing and what supports are needed from a family-centered perspective. This paper presents the development and preliminary validation of the Accommodations & Impact Scale for Developmental Disabilities (AISDD). The AISDD is a rating scale that measures day-to-day accommodations and impacts of raising a child with a DD. A sample of 407 caregivers of youth with DDs (Mage = 11.7 years; 63% males) completed the AISDD, along with measures of caregiver strain, daily challenges, child adaptive behavior, and behavior and emotional regulation. The AISDD is a unidimensional, 19-item scale with excellent internal consistency (ordinal alpha = .93) and test-retest (ICC = .95) reliability. Scores were normally distributed and sensitive to age (r = ? .19), diagnosis (ASD + ID > ASD > ID), adaptive functioning (r = ? .35), and challenging behaviors (r = .57). Finally, the AISDD showed excellent convergent validity with similar measures of accommodations and impacts. These findings support the use of the AISDD as a valid and reliable tool for measuring accommodations among caregivers of individuals with DDs. This measure shows promise in its ability to identify which families may need additional support for their children. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05929-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=530

Genome-wide linkage analyses of two repetitive behavior phenotypes in Utah pedigrees with autism spectrum disorders / Dale CANNON in Molecular Autism, (February 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (February 2010) . - 13 p. Titre : Genome-wide linkage analyses of two repetitive behavior phenotypes in Utah pedigrees with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dale CANNON, Auteur ; William M. MCMAHON, Auteur ; Hilary H. COON, Auteur ; Kristina ALLEN-BRADY, Auteur ; Reid ROBISON, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Michele E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; Natalie K. WAHMHOFF, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It has been suggested that efforts to identify genetic risk markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would benefit from the analysis of more narrowly defined ASD phenotypes. Previous research indicates that 'insistence on sameness' (IS) and 'repetitive sensory-motor actions' (RSMA) are two factors within the ASD 'repetitive and stereotyped behavior' domain. The primary aim of this study was to identify genetic risk markers of both factors to allow comparison of those markers with one another and with markers found in the same set of pedigrees using ASD diagnosis as the phenotype. Thus, we empirically addresses the possibilities that more narrowly defined phenotypes improve linkage analysis signals and that different narrowly defined phenotypes are associated with different loci. Secondary aims were to examine the correlates of IS and RSMA and to assess the heritability of both scales. Methods A genome-wide linkage analysis was conducted with a sample of 70 multiplex ASD pedigrees using IS and RSMA as phenotypes. Genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research using the 6 K single nucleotide polymorphism linkage panel. Analysis was done using the multipoint linkage software program MCLINK, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that allows for multilocus linkage analysis on large extended pedigrees. Results Genome-wide significance was observed for IS at 2q37.1-q37.3 (dominant model heterogeneity lod score (hlod) 3.42) and for RSMA at 15q13.1-q14 (recessive model hlod 3.93). We found some linkage signals that overlapped and others that were not observed in our previous linkage analysis of the ASD phenotype in the same pedigrees, and regions varied in the range of phenotypes with which they were linked. A new finding with respect to IS was that it is positively associated with IQ if the IS-RSMA correlation is statistically controlled. Conclusions The finding that IS and RSMA are linked to different regions that only partially overlap regions previously identified with ASD as the phenotype supports the value of including multiple, narrowly defined phenotypes in ASD genetic research. Further, we replicated previous reports indicating that RSMA is more strongly associated than IS with measures of ASD severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-1-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102 [article] Genome-wide linkage analyses of two repetitive behavior phenotypes in Utah pedigrees with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dale CANNON, Auteur ; William M. MCMAHON, Auteur ; Hilary H. COON, Auteur ; Kristina ALLEN-BRADY, Auteur ; Reid ROBISON, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Michele E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; Natalie K. WAHMHOFF, Auteur . - 2010 . - 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (February 2010) . - 13 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It has been suggested that efforts to identify genetic risk markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would benefit from the analysis of more narrowly defined ASD phenotypes. Previous research indicates that 'insistence on sameness' (IS) and 'repetitive sensory-motor actions' (RSMA) are two factors within the ASD 'repetitive and stereotyped behavior' domain. The primary aim of this study was to identify genetic risk markers of both factors to allow comparison of those markers with one another and with markers found in the same set of pedigrees using ASD diagnosis as the phenotype. Thus, we empirically addresses the possibilities that more narrowly defined phenotypes improve linkage analysis signals and that different narrowly defined phenotypes are associated with different loci. Secondary aims were to examine the correlates of IS and RSMA and to assess the heritability of both scales. Methods A genome-wide linkage analysis was conducted with a sample of 70 multiplex ASD pedigrees using IS and RSMA as phenotypes. Genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research using the 6 K single nucleotide polymorphism linkage panel. Analysis was done using the multipoint linkage software program MCLINK, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that allows for multilocus linkage analysis on large extended pedigrees. Results Genome-wide significance was observed for IS at 2q37.1-q37.3 (dominant model heterogeneity lod score (hlod) 3.42) and for RSMA at 15q13.1-q14 (recessive model hlod 3.93). We found some linkage signals that overlapped and others that were not observed in our previous linkage analysis of the ASD phenotype in the same pedigrees, and regions varied in the range of phenotypes with which they were linked. A new finding with respect to IS was that it is positively associated with IQ if the IS-RSMA correlation is statistically controlled. Conclusions The finding that IS and RSMA are linked to different regions that only partially overlap regions previously identified with ASD as the phenotype supports the value of including multiple, narrowly defined phenotypes in ASD genetic research. Further, we replicated previous reports indicating that RSMA is more strongly associated than IS with measures of ASD severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-1-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102

Genome-wide linkage using the Social Responsiveness Scale in Utah autism pedigrees / Hilary H. COON in Molecular Autism, (April 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (April 2010) . - 14 p. Titre : Genome-wide linkage using the Social Responsiveness Scale in Utah autism pedigrees Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hilary H. COON, Auteur ; William M. MCMAHON, Auteur ; Kristina ALLEN-BRADY, Auteur ; Dale CANNON, Auteur ; Reid ROBISON, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Michele E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; Nicola J. CAMP, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are phenotypically heterogeneous, characterized by impairments in the development of communication and social behaviour and the presence of repetitive behaviour and restricted interests. Dissecting the genetic complexity of ASD may require phenotypic data reflecting more detail than is offered by a categorical clinical diagnosis. Such data are available from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) which is a continuous, quantitative measure of social ability giving scores that range from significant impairment to above average ability. Methods We present genome-wide results for 64 multiplex and extended families ranging from two to nine generations. SRS scores were available from 518 genotyped pedigree subjects, including affected and unaffected relatives. Genotypes from the Illumina 6 k single nucleotide polymorphism panel were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done using MCLINK, a software package that uses Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to perform multilocus linkage analysis on large extended pedigrees. Results When analysed as a qualitative trait, linkage occurred in the same locations as in our previous affected-only genome scan of these families, with findings on chromosomes 7q31.1-q32.3 [heterogeneity logarithm of the odds (HLOD) = 2.91], 15q13.3 (HLOD = 3.64), and 13q12.3 (HLOD = 2.23). Additional positive qualitative results were seen on chromosomes 6 and 10 in regions that may be of interest for other neuropsychiatric disorders. When analysed as a quantitative trait, results replicated a peak found in an independent sample using quantitative SRS scores on chromosome 11p15.1-p15.4 (HLOD = 2.77). Additional positive quantitative results were seen on chromosomes 7, 9, and 19. Conclusions The SRS linkage peaks reported here substantially overlap with peaks found in our previous affected-only genome scan of clinical diagnosis. In addition, we replicated a previous SRS peak in an independent sample. These results suggest the SRS is a robust and useful phenotype measure for genetic linkage studies of ASD. Finally, analyses of SRS scores revealed linkage peaks overlapping with evidence from other studies of neuropsychiatric diseases. The information available from the SRS itself may, therefore, reveal locations for autism susceptibility genes that would not otherwise be detected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-1-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102 [article] Genome-wide linkage using the Social Responsiveness Scale in Utah autism pedigrees [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hilary H. COON, Auteur ; William M. MCMAHON, Auteur ; Kristina ALLEN-BRADY, Auteur ; Dale CANNON, Auteur ; Reid ROBISON, Auteur ; Judith S. MILLER, Auteur ; Michele E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; Nicola J. CAMP, Auteur . - 2010 . - 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (April 2010) . - 14 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are phenotypically heterogeneous, characterized by impairments in the development of communication and social behaviour and the presence of repetitive behaviour and restricted interests. Dissecting the genetic complexity of ASD may require phenotypic data reflecting more detail than is offered by a categorical clinical diagnosis. Such data are available from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) which is a continuous, quantitative measure of social ability giving scores that range from significant impairment to above average ability. Methods We present genome-wide results for 64 multiplex and extended families ranging from two to nine generations. SRS scores were available from 518 genotyped pedigree subjects, including affected and unaffected relatives. Genotypes from the Illumina 6 k single nucleotide polymorphism panel were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done using MCLINK, a software package that uses Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to perform multilocus linkage analysis on large extended pedigrees. Results When analysed as a qualitative trait, linkage occurred in the same locations as in our previous affected-only genome scan of these families, with findings on chromosomes 7q31.1-q32.3 [heterogeneity logarithm of the odds (HLOD) = 2.91], 15q13.3 (HLOD = 3.64), and 13q12.3 (HLOD = 2.23). Additional positive qualitative results were seen on chromosomes 6 and 10 in regions that may be of interest for other neuropsychiatric disorders. When analysed as a quantitative trait, results replicated a peak found in an independent sample using quantitative SRS scores on chromosome 11p15.1-p15.4 (HLOD = 2.77). Additional positive quantitative results were seen on chromosomes 7, 9, and 19. Conclusions The SRS linkage peaks reported here substantially overlap with peaks found in our previous affected-only genome scan of clinical diagnosis. In addition, we replicated a previous SRS peak in an independent sample. These results suggest the SRS is a robust and useful phenotype measure for genetic linkage studies of ASD. Finally, analyses of SRS scores revealed linkage peaks overlapping with evidence from other studies of neuropsychiatric diseases. The information available from the SRS itself may, therefore, reveal locations for autism susceptibility genes that would not otherwise be detected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-1-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Anxiety in ASD / John D. HERRINGTON  

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The Accuracy of the ADOS-2 in Identifying Autism among Adults with Complex Psychiatric Conditions / Brenna B. MADDOX in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-9 (September 2017)  

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