Formal Thought Disorder and the Autism Spectrum: Relationship with Symptoms, Executive Control, and Anxiety / Marjorie SOLOMON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-8 (September 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-8 (September 2008) . - p.1474-1484 Titre : Formal Thought Disorder and the Autism Spectrum: Relationship with Symptoms, Executive Control, and Anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Rochelle CAPLAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1474-1484 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorders Schizophrenia Thought-disorder Executive-functions Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit formal thought disorder (FTD), and whether this is related to ASD symptoms, executive control, and anxiety. Participants aged 8–17 with ASDs exhibited significantly more illogical thinking and loose associations than matched typically developing control subjects. In participants with ASDs, illogical thinking was related to aspects of cognitive functioning and to executive control. Loose associations were related to autism communication symptoms and to parent reports of stress and anxiety. When FTD is present in ASDs, it generally is not a co-morbid schizophrenia symptom, but is related to pragmatic language abnormalities found in ASDs. The clinical and neurobiological significance of this work is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0526-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538 [article] Formal Thought Disorder and the Autism Spectrum: Relationship with Symptoms, Executive Control, and Anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Rochelle CAPLAN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1474-1484. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-8 (September 2008) . - p.1474-1484 Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorders Schizophrenia Thought-disorder Executive-functions Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit formal thought disorder (FTD), and whether this is related to ASD symptoms, executive control, and anxiety. Participants aged 8–17 with ASDs exhibited significantly more illogical thinking and loose associations than matched typically developing control subjects. In participants with ASDs, illogical thinking was related to aspects of cognitive functioning and to executive control. Loose associations were related to autism communication symptoms and to parent reports of stress and anxiety. When FTD is present in ASDs, it generally is not a co-morbid schizophrenia symptom, but is related to pragmatic language abnormalities found in ASDs. The clinical and neurobiological significance of this work is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0526-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538

Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex Differences and Associations With Symptoms / Meghan MILLER in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.91-102 Titre : Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex Differences and Associations With Symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Karen L. BALES, Auteur ; Sandra L. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jong YOON, Auteur ; Caroline M. HOSTETLER, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.91-102 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : neuropeptides  oxytocin  vasopressin  autism  sex differences  repetitive behaviors  anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been intensified interest in the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given their role in affiliative and social behavior in animals, positive results of treatment studies using OT, and findings that genetic polymorphisms in the AVP–OT pathway are present in individuals with ASD. Nearly all such studies in humans have focused only on males. With this preliminary study, we provide basic and novel information on the involvement of OT and AVP in autism, with an investigation of blood plasma levels of these neuropeptides in 75 preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys ages 8–18: 40 with high-functioning ASD (19 girls, 21 boys) and 35 typically developing children (16 girls, 19 boys). We related neuropeptide levels to social, language, repetitive behavior, and internalizing symptom measures in these individuals. There were significant gender effects: Girls showed higher levels of OT, while boys had significantly higher levels of AVP. There were no significant effects of diagnosis on OT or AVP. Higher OT values were associated with greater anxiety in all girls, and with better pragmatic language in all boys and girls. AVP levels were positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors in girls with ASD but negatively (nonsignificantly) associated with these behaviors in boys with ASD. Our results challenge the prevailing view that plasma OT levels are lower in individuals with ASD, and suggest that there are distinct and sexually dimorphic mechanisms of action for OT and AVP underlying anxiety and repetitive behaviors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1270 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex Differences and Associations With Symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Karen L. BALES, Auteur ; Sandra L. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jong YOON, Auteur ; Caroline M. HOSTETLER, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.91-102. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.91-102 Mots-clés : neuropeptides  oxytocin  vasopressin  autism  sex differences  repetitive behaviors  anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been intensified interest in the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given their role in affiliative and social behavior in animals, positive results of treatment studies using OT, and findings that genetic polymorphisms in the AVP–OT pathway are present in individuals with ASD. Nearly all such studies in humans have focused only on males. With this preliminary study, we provide basic and novel information on the involvement of OT and AVP in autism, with an investigation of blood plasma levels of these neuropeptides in 75 preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys ages 8–18: 40 with high-functioning ASD (19 girls, 21 boys) and 35 typically developing children (16 girls, 19 boys). We related neuropeptide levels to social, language, repetitive behavior, and internalizing symptom measures in these individuals. There were significant gender effects: Girls showed higher levels of OT, while boys had significantly higher levels of AVP. There were no significant effects of diagnosis on OT or AVP. Higher OT values were associated with greater anxiety in all girls, and with better pragmatic language in all boys and girls. AVP levels were positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors in girls with ASD but negatively (nonsignificantly) associated with these behaviors in boys with ASD. Our results challenge the prevailing view that plasma OT levels are lower in individuals with ASD, and suggest that there are distinct and sexually dimorphic mechanisms of action for OT and AVP underlying anxiety and repetitive behaviors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1270 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Probabilistic reinforcement learning in adults with autism spectrum disorders / Marjorie SOLOMON in Autism Research, 4-2 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.109-120 Titre : Probabilistic reinforcement learning in adults with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Anne C. SMITH, Auteur ; Michael J. FRANK, Auteur ; Stanford LY, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.109-120 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  probabilistic  reinforcement learning  basal ganglia  orbito-frontal cortex  computational model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be conceptualized as disorders of learning, however there have been few experimental studies taking this perspective. Methods: We examined the probabilistic reinforcement learning performance of 28 adults with ASDs and 30 typically developing adults on a task requiring learning relationships between three stimulus pairs consisting of Japanese characters with feedback that was valid with different probabilities (80%, 70%, and 60%). Both univariate and Bayesian state–space data analytic methods were employed. Hypotheses were based on the extant literature as well as on neurobiological and computational models of reinforcement learning. Results: Both groups learned the task after training. However, there were group differences in early learning in the first task block where individuals with ASDs acquired the most frequently accurately reinforced stimulus pair (80%) comparably to typically developing individuals; exhibited poorer acquisition of the less frequently reinforced 70% pair as assessed by state–space learning curves; and outperformed typically developing individuals on the near chance (60%) pair. Individuals with ASDs also demonstrated deficits in using positive feedback to exploit rewarded choices. Conclusions: Results support the contention that individuals with ASDs are slower learners. Based on neurobiology and on the results of computational modeling, one interpretation of this pattern of findings is that impairments are related to deficits in flexible updating of reinforcement history as mediated by the orbito-frontal cortex, with spared functioning of the basal ganglia. This hypothesis about the pathophysiology of learning in ASDs can be tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.177 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Probabilistic reinforcement learning in adults with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Anne C. SMITH, Auteur ; Michael J. FRANK, Auteur ; Stanford LY, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.109-120. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.109-120 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  probabilistic  reinforcement learning  basal ganglia  orbito-frontal cortex  computational model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be conceptualized as disorders of learning, however there have been few experimental studies taking this perspective. Methods: We examined the probabilistic reinforcement learning performance of 28 adults with ASDs and 30 typically developing adults on a task requiring learning relationships between three stimulus pairs consisting of Japanese characters with feedback that was valid with different probabilities (80%, 70%, and 60%). Both univariate and Bayesian state–space data analytic methods were employed. Hypotheses were based on the extant literature as well as on neurobiological and computational models of reinforcement learning. Results: Both groups learned the task after training. However, there were group differences in early learning in the first task block where individuals with ASDs acquired the most frequently accurately reinforced stimulus pair (80%) comparably to typically developing individuals; exhibited poorer acquisition of the less frequently reinforced 70% pair as assessed by state–space learning curves; and outperformed typically developing individuals on the near chance (60%) pair. Individuals with ASDs also demonstrated deficits in using positive feedback to exploit rewarded choices. Conclusions: Results support the contention that individuals with ASDs are slower learners. Based on neurobiology and on the results of computational modeling, one interpretation of this pattern of findings is that impairments are related to deficits in flexible updating of reinforcement history as mediated by the orbito-frontal cortex, with spared functioning of the basal ganglia. This hypothesis about the pathophysiology of learning in ASDs can be tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.177 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: The relationship of attention and motor deficits / Susan M. RAVIZZA in Development and Psychopathology, 25-3 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 25-3 (August 2013) . - p.773-784 Titre : Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: The relationship of attention and motor deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan M. RAVIZZA, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Richard B. IVRY, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.773-784 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, it has proven difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. One hypothesis suggests that RRBs are the result of a core deficit in attention. Alternatively, abnormalities of the motor system may constitute the central mechanism underlying RRBs, given motor deficits observed in ASDs. In this experiment, we investigated the etiology of RRBs and the relationship between attention and motor deficits. Movement impairments (a) may be indirectly related to attention deficits, (b) may result from a shared compromised process, or (c) may be independent. Twenty-two adolescents with ASD and 20 typically developing participants performed a spatial attention task. Movement impairments were assessed with a rhythmic tapping task. Attentional orienting and motor control were found to be related and supported the hypothesis that these impairments in ASD arise from a shared process. In contrast, measures of attention switching and motor control were found to be independent. Stereotyped behaviors, as assessed by parental ratings, were related more to the degree of motor impairment than to deficits of attention. These results suggest that both attentional orienting deficits and stereotyped RRBs are related to a compromised motor system. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: The relationship of attention and motor deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan M. RAVIZZA, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Richard B. IVRY, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur . - p.773-784. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 25-3 (August 2013) . - p.773-784 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, it has proven difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. One hypothesis suggests that RRBs are the result of a core deficit in attention. Alternatively, abnormalities of the motor system may constitute the central mechanism underlying RRBs, given motor deficits observed in ASDs. In this experiment, we investigated the etiology of RRBs and the relationship between attention and motor deficits. Movement impairments (a) may be indirectly related to attention deficits, (b) may result from a shared compromised process, or (c) may be independent. Twenty-two adolescents with ASD and 20 typically developing participants performed a spatial attention task. Movement impairments were assessed with a rhythmic tapping task. Attentional orienting and motor control were found to be related and supported the hypothesis that these impairments in ASD arise from a shared process. In contrast, measures of attention switching and motor control were found to be independent. Stereotyped behaviors, as assessed by parental ratings, were related more to the degree of motor impairment than to deficits of attention. These results suggest that both attentional orienting deficits and stereotyped RRBs are related to a compromised motor system. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study / Erika E. FORBES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-10 (October 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1031–1040 Titre : Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; J. Christopher MAY, Auteur ; Greg J. SIEGLE, Auteur ; Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1031–1040 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression reward decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward-related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward-related affective systems. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision-making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9–17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. Results: Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward-related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward-related brain areas. Conclusions: Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01673.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=793 [article] Reward-related decision-making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Boris BIRMAHER, Auteur ; David A. AXELSON, Auteur ; J. Christopher MAY, Auteur ; Greg J. SIEGLE, Auteur ; Cecile D. LADOUCEUR, Auteur ; Neal D. RYAN, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1031–1040. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-10 (October 2006) . - p.1031–1040 Mots-clés : Depression reward decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward-related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward-related affective systems. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision-making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9–17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. Results: Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward-related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward-related brain areas. Conclusions: Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01673.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=793

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