Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.207-211 Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.207-211 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1861 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2018 . - p.207-211. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.207-211 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1861 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Loss of skills and onset patterns in neurodevelopmental disorders: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms / Audrey THURM in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.212-222 Titre : Loss of skills and onset patterns in neurodevelopmental disorders: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Audrey THURM, Auteur ; Elizabeth M. POWELL, Auteur ; Jeffrey L. NEUL, Auteur ; Ann WAGNER, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.212-222 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Patterns of onset in Autism Spectrum Disorder, including a pattern that includes loss of previously acquired skills, have been identified since the first reports of the disorder. However, attempts to study such “regression” have been limited to clinical studies, that until recently mostly involved retrospective reports. The current report reflects discussion that occurred at an NIMH convened meeting in 2016 with the purpose of bridging clinical autism research with basic and translational work in this area. This summary describes the state of the field with respect to clinical studies, describing gaps in knowledge based on limited methods and prospective data collected. Biological mechanisms that have been shown to account for regression early in development in specific conditions are discussed, as well as potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored. Suggestions include use of model systems during the developmental period and cutting?edge methods, including non?invasive imaging that may afford opportunities for a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways that result in loss of previously?attained skills. Autism Res 2018, 11: 212–222. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Loss of previously acquired skills, or regression, has been reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder since Kanner's reports in the 1950's. The current report reflects discussion from an NIMH convened meeting in 2016 with the purpose of bridging clinical autism research with basic and translational work in this area. This summary describes the state of the field regarding clinical studies and suggests use of model systems during the developmental period and cutting?edge methods, for a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways that result in loss of previously?attained skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1903 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Loss of skills and onset patterns in neurodevelopmental disorders: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Audrey THURM, Auteur ; Elizabeth M. POWELL, Auteur ; Jeffrey L. NEUL, Auteur ; Ann WAGNER, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.212-222. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.212-222 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Patterns of onset in Autism Spectrum Disorder, including a pattern that includes loss of previously acquired skills, have been identified since the first reports of the disorder. However, attempts to study such “regression” have been limited to clinical studies, that until recently mostly involved retrospective reports. The current report reflects discussion that occurred at an NIMH convened meeting in 2016 with the purpose of bridging clinical autism research with basic and translational work in this area. This summary describes the state of the field with respect to clinical studies, describing gaps in knowledge based on limited methods and prospective data collected. Biological mechanisms that have been shown to account for regression early in development in specific conditions are discussed, as well as potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored. Suggestions include use of model systems during the developmental period and cutting?edge methods, including non?invasive imaging that may afford opportunities for a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways that result in loss of previously?attained skills. Autism Res 2018, 11: 212–222. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Loss of previously acquired skills, or regression, has been reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder since Kanner's reports in the 1950's. The current report reflects discussion from an NIMH convened meeting in 2016 with the purpose of bridging clinical autism research with basic and translational work in this area. This summary describes the state of the field regarding clinical studies and suggests use of model systems during the developmental period and cutting?edge methods, for a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways that result in loss of previously?attained skills. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1903 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

The adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS 21680, attenuates a probabilistic reversal learning deficit and elevated grooming behavior in BTBR mice / Dionisio A. AMODEO in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.223-233 Titre : The adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS 21680, attenuates a probabilistic reversal learning deficit and elevated grooming behavior in BTBR mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dionisio A. AMODEO, Auteur ; Laura CUEVAS, Auteur ; Jeffrey T. DUNN, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Michael E. RAGOZZINO, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.223-233 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date there are limited options for treating this core symptomology. Treatments that stimulate adenosine A2A receptors may represent a promising approach for reducing RRBs in ASD. This is because A2A receptors are expressed on striatal neurons of the basal ganglia indirect pathway. Under activation of this pathway has been associated with RRBs while activation of A2A receptors leads to increased activity of the indirect basal ganglia pathway. The present studies investigated whether acute, systemic treatment with CGS21680, an A2A receptor agonist attenuates elevated self?grooming and a probabilistic reversal learning deficit in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of idiopathic autism. The effects of this treatment were also investigated in C57BL/6J (B6) mice as a comparison strain. Using a spatial reversal learning test with 80/20 probabilistic feedback, comparable to one in which ASD individuals exhibit deficits, CGS 21680 (0.005 and 0.01mg/kg) attenuated a reversal learning deficit in BTBR mice. Enhancement in probabilistic reversal learning performance resulted from CGS 21680 improving the consistent maintenance of new adaptive behavioral choice patterns after reversal. CGS 21680 at 0.01 mg, but not 0.005 mg, also reduced self?grooming behavior in BTBR mice. CGS 21680 did not affect self?grooming or reversal learning in B6 mice. These findings demonstrate that A2A receptor agonists may be a promising receptor target in the treatment of RRBs in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 223–233. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The present experiments determined whether the drug, CGS 21680, that facilitates activation of adenosine A2A receptors in the brain, would reduce repetitive and inflexible behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of idiopathic autism. CGS 21680 treatment in BTBR mice reduced repetitive and inflexible behaviors. In the control C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strain, CGS 21680 did not affect performance. These findings suggest that stimulation of brain adenosine A2A receptors may be a promising therapeutic strategy in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] The adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS 21680, attenuates a probabilistic reversal learning deficit and elevated grooming behavior in BTBR mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dionisio A. AMODEO, Auteur ; Laura CUEVAS, Auteur ; Jeffrey T. DUNN, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Michael E. RAGOZZINO, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.223-233. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.223-233 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date there are limited options for treating this core symptomology. Treatments that stimulate adenosine A2A receptors may represent a promising approach for reducing RRBs in ASD. This is because A2A receptors are expressed on striatal neurons of the basal ganglia indirect pathway. Under activation of this pathway has been associated with RRBs while activation of A2A receptors leads to increased activity of the indirect basal ganglia pathway. The present studies investigated whether acute, systemic treatment with CGS21680, an A2A receptor agonist attenuates elevated self?grooming and a probabilistic reversal learning deficit in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of idiopathic autism. The effects of this treatment were also investigated in C57BL/6J (B6) mice as a comparison strain. Using a spatial reversal learning test with 80/20 probabilistic feedback, comparable to one in which ASD individuals exhibit deficits, CGS 21680 (0.005 and 0.01mg/kg) attenuated a reversal learning deficit in BTBR mice. Enhancement in probabilistic reversal learning performance resulted from CGS 21680 improving the consistent maintenance of new adaptive behavioral choice patterns after reversal. CGS 21680 at 0.01 mg, but not 0.005 mg, also reduced self?grooming behavior in BTBR mice. CGS 21680 did not affect self?grooming or reversal learning in B6 mice. These findings demonstrate that A2A receptor agonists may be a promising receptor target in the treatment of RRBs in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 223–233. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The present experiments determined whether the drug, CGS 21680, that facilitates activation of adenosine A2A receptors in the brain, would reduce repetitive and inflexible behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of idiopathic autism. CGS 21680 treatment in BTBR mice reduced repetitive and inflexible behaviors. In the control C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strain, CGS 21680 did not affect performance. These findings suggest that stimulation of brain adenosine A2A receptors may be a promising therapeutic strategy in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Genetic background effects in Neuroligin?3 mutant mice: Minimal behavioral abnormalities on C57 background / Thomas C. JARAMILLO in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.234-244 Titre : Genetic background effects in Neuroligin?3 mutant mice: Minimal behavioral abnormalities on C57 background Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas C. JARAMILLO, Auteur ; Christine Ochoa ESCAMILLA, Auteur ; Shunan LIU, Auteur ; Lauren PECA, Auteur ; Shari G. BIRNBAUM, Auteur ; Craig M. POWELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.234-244 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroligin?3 (NLGN3) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein that interacts with presynaptic ligands including neurexin?1 (NRXN1) [Ichtchenko et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 2676–2682, 1996]. Mice harboring a mutation in the NLGN3 gene (NL3R451C) mimicking a mutation found in two brothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were previously generated and behaviorally phenotyped for autism?related behaviors. In these NL3R451C mice generated and tested on a hybrid C57BL6J/129S2/SvPasCrl background, we observed enhanced spatial memory and reduced social interaction [Tabuchi et al., Science, 318, 71–76, 2007]. Curiously, an independently generated second line of mice harboring the same mutation on a C57BL6J background exhibited minimal aberrant behavior, thereby providing apparently discrepant results. To investigate the origin of the discrepancy, we previously replicated the original findings of Tabuchi et al. by studying the same NL3R451C mutation on a pure 129S2/SvPasCrl genetic background. Here we complete the behavioral characterization of the NL3R451C mutation on a pure C57BL6J genetic background to determine if background genetics play a role in the discrepant behavioral outcomes involving NL3R451C mice. NL3R451C mutant mice on a pure C57BL6J background did not display spatial memory enhancements or social interaction deficits. We only observed a decreased startle response and mildly increased locomotor activity in these mice suggesting that background genetics influences behavioral outcomes involving the NL3R451C mutation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 234–244. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Behavioral symptoms of autism can be highly variable, even in cases that involve identical genetic mutations. Previous studies in mice with a mutation of the Neuroligin?3 gene showed enhanced learning and social deficits. We replicated these findings on the same and different genetic backgrounds. In this study, however, the same mutation in mice on a different genetic background did not reproduce our previous findings. Our results suggest that genetic background influences behavioral symptoms of this autism?associated mutation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1857 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Genetic background effects in Neuroligin?3 mutant mice: Minimal behavioral abnormalities on C57 background [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas C. JARAMILLO, Auteur ; Christine Ochoa ESCAMILLA, Auteur ; Shunan LIU, Auteur ; Lauren PECA, Auteur ; Shari G. BIRNBAUM, Auteur ; Craig M. POWELL, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.234-244. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.234-244 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroligin?3 (NLGN3) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein that interacts with presynaptic ligands including neurexin?1 (NRXN1) [Ichtchenko et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 2676–2682, 1996]. Mice harboring a mutation in the NLGN3 gene (NL3R451C) mimicking a mutation found in two brothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were previously generated and behaviorally phenotyped for autism?related behaviors. In these NL3R451C mice generated and tested on a hybrid C57BL6J/129S2/SvPasCrl background, we observed enhanced spatial memory and reduced social interaction [Tabuchi et al., Science, 318, 71–76, 2007]. Curiously, an independently generated second line of mice harboring the same mutation on a C57BL6J background exhibited minimal aberrant behavior, thereby providing apparently discrepant results. To investigate the origin of the discrepancy, we previously replicated the original findings of Tabuchi et al. by studying the same NL3R451C mutation on a pure 129S2/SvPasCrl genetic background. Here we complete the behavioral characterization of the NL3R451C mutation on a pure C57BL6J genetic background to determine if background genetics play a role in the discrepant behavioral outcomes involving NL3R451C mice. NL3R451C mutant mice on a pure C57BL6J background did not display spatial memory enhancements or social interaction deficits. We only observed a decreased startle response and mildly increased locomotor activity in these mice suggesting that background genetics influences behavioral outcomes involving the NL3R451C mutation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 234–244. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Behavioral symptoms of autism can be highly variable, even in cases that involve identical genetic mutations. Previous studies in mice with a mutation of the Neuroligin?3 gene showed enhanced learning and social deficits. We replicated these findings on the same and different genetic backgrounds. In this study, however, the same mutation in mice on a different genetic background did not reproduce our previous findings. Our results suggest that genetic background influences behavioral symptoms of this autism?associated mutation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1857 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Altered task?related modulation of long?range connectivity in children with autism / Ajay S. PILLAI in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.245-257 Titre : Altered task?related modulation of long?range connectivity in children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ajay S. PILLAI, Auteur ; Danielle MCAULIFFE, Auteur ; Balaji M. LAKSHMANAN, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Nathan E. CRONE, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.245-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Functional connectivity differences between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children have been described in multiple datasets. However, few studies examine the task?related changes in connectivity in disorder?relevant behavioral paradigms. In this paper, we examined the task?related changes in functional connectivity using EEG and a movement?based paradigm that has behavioral relevance to ASD. Resting?state studies motivated our hypothesis that children with ASD would show a decreased magnitude of functional connectivity during the performance of a motor?control task. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, however, we observed that task?related modulation of functional connectivity in children with ASD was in the direction opposite to that of TDs. The task?related connectivity changes were correlated with clinical symptom scores. Our results suggest that children with ASD may have differences in cortical segregation/integration during the performance of a task, and that part of the differences in connectivity modulation may serve as a compensatory mechanism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 245–257. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Decreased connectivity between brain regions is thought to cause the symptoms of autism. Because most of our knowledge comes from data in which children are at rest, we do not know how connectivity changes directly lead to autistic behaviors, such as impaired gestures. When typically developing children produced complex movements, connectivity decreased between brain regions. In children with autism, connectivity increased. It may be that behavior?related changes in brain connectivity are more important than absolute differences in connectivity in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1858 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Altered task?related modulation of long?range connectivity in children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ajay S. PILLAI, Auteur ; Danielle MCAULIFFE, Auteur ; Balaji M. LAKSHMANAN, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Nathan E. CRONE, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.245-257. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.245-257 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Functional connectivity differences between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children have been described in multiple datasets. However, few studies examine the task?related changes in connectivity in disorder?relevant behavioral paradigms. In this paper, we examined the task?related changes in functional connectivity using EEG and a movement?based paradigm that has behavioral relevance to ASD. Resting?state studies motivated our hypothesis that children with ASD would show a decreased magnitude of functional connectivity during the performance of a motor?control task. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, however, we observed that task?related modulation of functional connectivity in children with ASD was in the direction opposite to that of TDs. The task?related connectivity changes were correlated with clinical symptom scores. Our results suggest that children with ASD may have differences in cortical segregation/integration during the performance of a task, and that part of the differences in connectivity modulation may serve as a compensatory mechanism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 245–257. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Decreased connectivity between brain regions is thought to cause the symptoms of autism. Because most of our knowledge comes from data in which children are at rest, we do not know how connectivity changes directly lead to autistic behaviors, such as impaired gestures. When typically developing children produced complex movements, connectivity decreased between brain regions. In children with autism, connectivity increased. It may be that behavior?related changes in brain connectivity are more important than absolute differences in connectivity in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1858 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale: Factor structure and psychometric properties in older adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder / Mirko ULJAREVIC in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.258-269 Titre : The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale: Factor structure and psychometric properties in older adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Amanda L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Helen MCCONACHIE, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Ru Ying CAI, Auteur ; Hannah MERRICK, Auteur ; Jeremy R. PARR, Auteur ; Ann Le COUTEUR, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.258-269 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the high frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a significant impact of these comorbidities on both individuals with ASD and their families, research on the validity of anxiety and depression measures in the ASD population is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS; Zigmond & Snaith, ] in a sample of older adolescents and young adults with ASD. One hundred and fifty one participants (UK Transition longitudinal study: N?=?106; 75 males, Mage?=?16.04 years, SD?=?1.28; Longitudinal Study of Australian Schools Leavers with ASD: N?=?45, 30 males; Mage?=?18.35 years, SD?=?2.55) completed the HADS and a range of mental health and well?being measures. Combination of the Principal Component Analysis and Parallel Analysis indicated two factors as an optimal solution in our sample, accounting for 43.77% of variance with factors being identical in terms of content with the structure found in the general population. Internal consistency was good for the HADS anxiety scale (HADS?A; .82–.84) and acceptable for the HADS depression scale (HADS?D; .60–.72). Convergent validity of both HADS?A and HADS?D scales was excellent and divergent validity was acceptable. Our study represents a significant contribution to the literature by providing an initial validation of the HADS in older adolescents and younger adults with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 258–269. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Research on the validity of measurement of anxiety and depression in ASD is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a sample of 151 young people with ASD. Participants completed HADS and a range of mental health and well?being measures. Encouragingly, our findings suggest that HADS provides a reliable and valid assessment of anxiety and depression in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1872 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale: Factor structure and psychometric properties in older adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Amanda L. RICHDALE, Auteur ; Helen MCCONACHIE, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Ru Ying CAI, Auteur ; Hannah MERRICK, Auteur ; Jeremy R. PARR, Auteur ; Ann Le COUTEUR, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.258-269. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.258-269 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the high frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a significant impact of these comorbidities on both individuals with ASD and their families, research on the validity of anxiety and depression measures in the ASD population is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS; Zigmond & Snaith, ] in a sample of older adolescents and young adults with ASD. One hundred and fifty one participants (UK Transition longitudinal study: N?=?106; 75 males, Mage?=?16.04 years, SD?=?1.28; Longitudinal Study of Australian Schools Leavers with ASD: N?=?45, 30 males; Mage?=?18.35 years, SD?=?2.55) completed the HADS and a range of mental health and well?being measures. Combination of the Principal Component Analysis and Parallel Analysis indicated two factors as an optimal solution in our sample, accounting for 43.77% of variance with factors being identical in terms of content with the structure found in the general population. Internal consistency was good for the HADS anxiety scale (HADS?A; .82–.84) and acceptable for the HADS depression scale (HADS?D; .60–.72). Convergent validity of both HADS?A and HADS?D scales was excellent and divergent validity was acceptable. Our study represents a significant contribution to the literature by providing an initial validation of the HADS in older adolescents and younger adults with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 258–269. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Research on the validity of measurement of anxiety and depression in ASD is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a sample of 151 young people with ASD. Participants completed HADS and a range of mental health and well?being measures. Encouragingly, our findings suggest that HADS provides a reliable and valid assessment of anxiety and depression in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1872 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland?II / Christopher H. CHATHAM in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.270-283 Titre : Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland?II Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; K. I. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; X. Liogier D'ARDHUY, Auteur ; E. EULE, Auteur ; A. FEDELE, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. MURTAGH, Auteur ; M. del Valle RUBIDO, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; J. SEVIGNY, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; L. SNYDER, Auteur ; J. E. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Karen WALTON-BOWEN, Auteur ; P. P. WANG, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.270-283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive abilities across multiple domains. These social, personal, and communicative impairments become increasingly pronounced with development, and are present regardless of IQ. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland?II) is the most commonly used instrument for quantifying these impairments, but minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) on Vineland?II scores have not been rigorously established in ASD. We pooled data from several consortia/registries (EU?AIMS LEAP study, ABIDE?I, ABIDE?II, INFOR, Simons Simplex Collection and Autism Treatment Network [ATN]) and clinical investigations and trials (Stanford, Yale, Roche) resulting in a data set of over 9,000 individuals with ASD. Two approaches were used to estimate MCIDs: distribution?based methods and anchor?based methods. Distribution?based MCID [d?MCID] estimates included the standard error of the measurement, as well as one?fifth and one?half of the covariate?adjusted standard deviation (both cross?sectionally and longitudinally). Anchor?based MCID [a?MCID] estimates include the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of severity on the Vineland?II score, the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of longitudinal improvement category on Vineland?II change, the Vineland?II change score maximally differentiating clinical impressions of minimal versus no improvement, and equipercentile equating. Across strata, the Vineland?II Adaptive Behavior Composite standardized score MCID estimates range from 2.01 to 3.2 for distribution?based methods, and from 2.42 to 3.75 for sample?size?weighted anchor?based methods. Lower Vineland?II standardized score MCID estimates were observed for younger and more cognitively impaired populations. These MCID estimates enable users of Vineland?II to assess both the statistical and clinical significance of any observed change. Autism Res 2018, 11: 270–283. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (2nd edition; Vineland?II) is the most widely used scale for assessing day?to?day “adaptive” skills. Yet, it is unknown how much Vineland?II scores must change for those changes to be regarded as clinically significant. We pooled data from over 9,000 individuals with ASD to show that changes of 2–3.75 points on the Vineland?II Composite score represent the “minimal clinically?important difference.” These estimates will help evaluate the benefits of potential new treatments for ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1874 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland?II [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; K. I. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; X. Liogier D'ARDHUY, Auteur ; E. EULE, Auteur ; A. FEDELE, Auteur ; A. Y. HARDAN, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; L. MURTAGH, Auteur ; M. del Valle RUBIDO, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; J. SEVIGNY, Auteur ; L. SIKICH, Auteur ; L. SNYDER, Auteur ; J. E. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur ; Karen WALTON-BOWEN, Auteur ; P. P. WANG, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.270-283. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.270-283 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with persistent impairments in adaptive abilities across multiple domains. These social, personal, and communicative impairments become increasingly pronounced with development, and are present regardless of IQ. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland?II) is the most commonly used instrument for quantifying these impairments, but minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) on Vineland?II scores have not been rigorously established in ASD. We pooled data from several consortia/registries (EU?AIMS LEAP study, ABIDE?I, ABIDE?II, INFOR, Simons Simplex Collection and Autism Treatment Network [ATN]) and clinical investigations and trials (Stanford, Yale, Roche) resulting in a data set of over 9,000 individuals with ASD. Two approaches were used to estimate MCIDs: distribution?based methods and anchor?based methods. Distribution?based MCID [d?MCID] estimates included the standard error of the measurement, as well as one?fifth and one?half of the covariate?adjusted standard deviation (both cross?sectionally and longitudinally). Anchor?based MCID [a?MCID] estimates include the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of severity on the Vineland?II score, the slope of linear regression of clinician ratings of longitudinal improvement category on Vineland?II change, the Vineland?II change score maximally differentiating clinical impressions of minimal versus no improvement, and equipercentile equating. Across strata, the Vineland?II Adaptive Behavior Composite standardized score MCID estimates range from 2.01 to 3.2 for distribution?based methods, and from 2.42 to 3.75 for sample?size?weighted anchor?based methods. Lower Vineland?II standardized score MCID estimates were observed for younger and more cognitively impaired populations. These MCID estimates enable users of Vineland?II to assess both the statistical and clinical significance of any observed change. Autism Res 2018, 11: 270–283. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (2nd edition; Vineland?II) is the most widely used scale for assessing day?to?day “adaptive” skills. Yet, it is unknown how much Vineland?II scores must change for those changes to be regarded as clinically significant. We pooled data from over 9,000 individuals with ASD to show that changes of 2–3.75 points on the Vineland?II Composite score represent the “minimal clinically?important difference.” These estimates will help evaluate the benefits of potential new treatments for ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1874 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Everyday executive function predicts adaptive and internalizing behavior among children with and without autism spectrum disorder / Emily GARDINER in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.284-295 Titre : Everyday executive function predicts adaptive and internalizing behavior among children with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily GARDINER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.284-295 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate challenges with executive function (EF), adaptive behavior, and mental health, all of which place long?term wellbeing at risk. In the current study we examined the relation between parent?rated EF and adaptive functioning and internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression), as we expected that identifying the specific EF domains most closely related to these indices of functioning would illuminate opportunities for targeted intervention. Participants included 59 children and adolescents with ASD (M?=?10.1 years) and 67 who were typically developing (TD) (M?=?9.4 years) matched on age, IQ, mental age, and maternal education. Caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF) and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC?2). Parents rated children with ASD as demonstrating significantly more challenges across most of the examined BRIEF and BASC?2 indices and scales, with the exception of organization of materials (BRIEF) and anxiety (BASC?2). For both groups, metacognitive EF processes emerged as strongly associated with practical, conceptual, and social skills, though different BRIEF scales emerged as significant across the component subdomains. In terms of the relation with mental health, BRIEF index scores were unrelated to anxiety for both groups. Behavior regulation, however, was significantly associated with depression symptoms for children with and without ASD. The findings highlight the possibility that targeting particular EF domains among individuals with and without ASD may not only have direct benefit for behavior regulation and metacognitive abilities, but may also extend to other areas of life, including adaptive behavior and concomitant internalizing symptomatology. Autism Res 2018, 11: 284–295. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We examined whether parents’ ratings of their children's flexibility and ability to monitor their behavior predicted adaptive skills (e.g., ability to complete day?to?day personal tasks, communicate, and socialize) and symptoms of anxiety and depression among children with and without autism spectrum disorder. For both groups, children's abilities to manage and monitor their behavior were strongly related to adaptive skills. Children's flexibility and ability to inhibit inappropriate behavior and control their emotions was associated with depression symptoms for both groups. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1877 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Everyday executive function predicts adaptive and internalizing behavior among children with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily GARDINER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.284-295. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.284-295 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate challenges with executive function (EF), adaptive behavior, and mental health, all of which place long?term wellbeing at risk. In the current study we examined the relation between parent?rated EF and adaptive functioning and internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression), as we expected that identifying the specific EF domains most closely related to these indices of functioning would illuminate opportunities for targeted intervention. Participants included 59 children and adolescents with ASD (M?=?10.1 years) and 67 who were typically developing (TD) (M?=?9.4 years) matched on age, IQ, mental age, and maternal education. Caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF) and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC?2). Parents rated children with ASD as demonstrating significantly more challenges across most of the examined BRIEF and BASC?2 indices and scales, with the exception of organization of materials (BRIEF) and anxiety (BASC?2). For both groups, metacognitive EF processes emerged as strongly associated with practical, conceptual, and social skills, though different BRIEF scales emerged as significant across the component subdomains. In terms of the relation with mental health, BRIEF index scores were unrelated to anxiety for both groups. Behavior regulation, however, was significantly associated with depression symptoms for children with and without ASD. The findings highlight the possibility that targeting particular EF domains among individuals with and without ASD may not only have direct benefit for behavior regulation and metacognitive abilities, but may also extend to other areas of life, including adaptive behavior and concomitant internalizing symptomatology. Autism Res 2018, 11: 284–295. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We examined whether parents’ ratings of their children's flexibility and ability to monitor their behavior predicted adaptive skills (e.g., ability to complete day?to?day personal tasks, communicate, and socialize) and symptoms of anxiety and depression among children with and without autism spectrum disorder. For both groups, children's abilities to manage and monitor their behavior were strongly related to adaptive skills. Children's flexibility and ability to inhibit inappropriate behavior and control their emotions was associated with depression symptoms for both groups. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1877 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Sensorimotor learning and associated visual perception are intact but unrelated in autism spectrum disorder / Spencer J. HAYES in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.296-304 Titre : Sensorimotor learning and associated visual perception are intact but unrelated in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Spencer J. HAYES, Auteur ; Matthew ANDREW, Auteur ; Nathan C. FOSTER, Auteur ; Digby ELLIOTT, Auteur ; Emma GOWEN, Auteur ; Simon J. BENNETT, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.296-304 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Humans show an astonishing capability to learn sensorimotor behaviours. However, data from sensorimotor learning experiments suggest the integration of efferent sensorimotor commands, afferent sensorimotor information, and visual consequences of a performed action during learning is different in autism, leading to atypical representation of internal action models. Here, we investigated the generalization of a sensorimotor internal action model formed during sensorimotor learning to a different, but associated, visual perception task. Although motor timing was generally less accurate in adults with autism, following practice with feedback both autistic adults, and controls, significantly improved performance of the movement sequence timing task by reducing timing error. In a subsequent perception task, both groups demonstrated similar temporal?discrimination accuracy (autism?=?75%; control?=?76%). Significant correlations between motor timing error, and temporal?discrimination during a perception task, was found for controls. No significant correlations were found for autistic adults. Our findings indicate that autistic adults demonstrated adaptation by reducing motor timing error through sensorimotor learning. However, the finding of significant correlations between motor timing error and temporal?discrimination accuracy in the control group only suggests sensorimotor processes underpinning internal action model formation operate differently in autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 296–304. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We showed autistic adults learned a new motor skill, and visually judged moving objects, to a similar level of accuracy as a control group. Unlike the control group, there was no relationship between how well autistic adults learned the motor skill, and how well they judged objects. The lack of a relationship might be one of the reasons autistic adults interact differently in the social world. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1882 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Sensorimotor learning and associated visual perception are intact but unrelated in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Spencer J. HAYES, Auteur ; Matthew ANDREW, Auteur ; Nathan C. FOSTER, Auteur ; Digby ELLIOTT, Auteur ; Emma GOWEN, Auteur ; Simon J. BENNETT, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.296-304. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.296-304 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Humans show an astonishing capability to learn sensorimotor behaviours. However, data from sensorimotor learning experiments suggest the integration of efferent sensorimotor commands, afferent sensorimotor information, and visual consequences of a performed action during learning is different in autism, leading to atypical representation of internal action models. Here, we investigated the generalization of a sensorimotor internal action model formed during sensorimotor learning to a different, but associated, visual perception task. Although motor timing was generally less accurate in adults with autism, following practice with feedback both autistic adults, and controls, significantly improved performance of the movement sequence timing task by reducing timing error. In a subsequent perception task, both groups demonstrated similar temporal?discrimination accuracy (autism?=?75%; control?=?76%). Significant correlations between motor timing error, and temporal?discrimination during a perception task, was found for controls. No significant correlations were found for autistic adults. Our findings indicate that autistic adults demonstrated adaptation by reducing motor timing error through sensorimotor learning. However, the finding of significant correlations between motor timing error and temporal?discrimination accuracy in the control group only suggests sensorimotor processes underpinning internal action model formation operate differently in autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 296–304. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We showed autistic adults learned a new motor skill, and visually judged moving objects, to a similar level of accuracy as a control group. Unlike the control group, there was no relationship between how well autistic adults learned the motor skill, and how well they judged objects. The lack of a relationship might be one of the reasons autistic adults interact differently in the social world. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1882 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Virtual Environment for Social Information Processing: Assessment of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders / Nicole M. RUSSO-PONSARAN in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.305-317 Titre : Virtual Environment for Social Information Processing: Assessment of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole M. RUSSO-PONSARAN, Auteur ; Clark MCKOWN, Auteur ; Jason JOHNSON, Auteur ; Jaclyn RUSSO, Auteur ; Jacob CROSSMAN, Auteur ; Ilana REIFE, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.305-317 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social information processing (SIP) skills are critical for developing and maintaining peer relationships. Building on existing assessment techniques, Virtual Environment for SIP (VESIPTM), a simulation?based assessment that immerses children in social decision?making scenarios, was developed. This study presents preliminary evidence of VESIP's usefulness for measuring SIP skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty?one children with ASD and 29 control children participated. It was hypothesized that (a) children (8–12 years old), with and without ASD, would understand and interact effectively with VESIP; (b) VESIP scores would be reliable in both populations; and (c) children with ASD would score lower on SIP domains than typically developing peers. Results supported these hypotheses. Finally, response bias was also evaluated, showing that children with ASD have different problem?solving strategies than their peers. VESIP has great potential as a scalable assessment of SIP strengths and challenges in children with and without ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 305–317. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often struggle interpreting and responding to social situations. The present study suggests that an animated, simulation?based assessment approach is an effective way to measure how children with or without ASDs problem?solve challenging social situations. VESIP is an easy?to?use assessment tool that can help practitioners understand a child's particular strengths and weaknesses. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1889 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Virtual Environment for Social Information Processing: Assessment of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole M. RUSSO-PONSARAN, Auteur ; Clark MCKOWN, Auteur ; Jason JOHNSON, Auteur ; Jaclyn RUSSO, Auteur ; Jacob CROSSMAN, Auteur ; Ilana REIFE, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.305-317. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.305-317 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social information processing (SIP) skills are critical for developing and maintaining peer relationships. Building on existing assessment techniques, Virtual Environment for SIP (VESIPTM), a simulation?based assessment that immerses children in social decision?making scenarios, was developed. This study presents preliminary evidence of VESIP's usefulness for measuring SIP skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Twenty?one children with ASD and 29 control children participated. It was hypothesized that (a) children (8–12 years old), with and without ASD, would understand and interact effectively with VESIP; (b) VESIP scores would be reliable in both populations; and (c) children with ASD would score lower on SIP domains than typically developing peers. Results supported these hypotheses. Finally, response bias was also evaluated, showing that children with ASD have different problem?solving strategies than their peers. VESIP has great potential as a scalable assessment of SIP strengths and challenges in children with and without ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 305–317. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often struggle interpreting and responding to social situations. The present study suggests that an animated, simulation?based assessment approach is an effective way to measure how children with or without ASDs problem?solve challenging social situations. VESIP is an easy?to?use assessment tool that can help practitioners understand a child's particular strengths and weaknesses. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1889 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Early executive dysfunction in ASD: Simple versus complex skills / Nancy GARON in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.318-330 Titre : Early executive dysfunction in ASD: Simple versus complex skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nancy GARON, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.318-330 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the strong evidence of executive function (EF) impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), findings in the preschool period have been inconsistent. Whereas some research has supported an early deficit, many studies have not found early differences in EF. The present study assessed simple and complex components of three EF abilities: working memory, inhibition, and shifting, using a novel battery, the Preschool EF Battery (PEFB; Garon, Smith & Bryson, Child Neuropsychology, 20, 713–736, 2014). Previous research has indicated that the PEFB is sensitive to age differences in typically developing (TD) children aged 18–60 months. Current participants were 34 preschoolers (M?=?54.79 months) diagnosed with ASD and 255 TD preschoolers (M?=?42.98 months). Results indicated significant differences between the two groups in the three EF abilities, but specific findings were moderated by mental and chronological age. The findings highlight the importance of testing simpler EF skills in very young children with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 318–330. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Given that executive functions (EF) have been found to predict various outcomes such as academic ability and occupational success, sensitive early assessment is important. The current study suggests the presence of early EF deficits in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. The study highlights the importance of considering how EF develops during early life in typically developing children in order to design sensitive EF measures. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1893 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Early executive dysfunction in ASD: Simple versus complex skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nancy GARON, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.318-330. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.318-330 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the strong evidence of executive function (EF) impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), findings in the preschool period have been inconsistent. Whereas some research has supported an early deficit, many studies have not found early differences in EF. The present study assessed simple and complex components of three EF abilities: working memory, inhibition, and shifting, using a novel battery, the Preschool EF Battery (PEFB; Garon, Smith & Bryson, Child Neuropsychology, 20, 713–736, 2014). Previous research has indicated that the PEFB is sensitive to age differences in typically developing (TD) children aged 18–60 months. Current participants were 34 preschoolers (M?=?54.79 months) diagnosed with ASD and 255 TD preschoolers (M?=?42.98 months). Results indicated significant differences between the two groups in the three EF abilities, but specific findings were moderated by mental and chronological age. The findings highlight the importance of testing simpler EF skills in very young children with ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 318–330. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Given that executive functions (EF) have been found to predict various outcomes such as academic ability and occupational success, sensitive early assessment is important. The current study suggests the presence of early EF deficits in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. The study highlights the importance of considering how EF develops during early life in typically developing children in order to design sensitive EF measures. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1893 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

The Self?Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits / David M. WILLIAMS in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.331-341 Titre : The Self?Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Toby NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Catherine GRAINGER, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.331-341 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Memory for (and perception of) information about the self is superior to memory for (and perception of) other kinds of information. This self?reference effect (SRE) in memory appears diminished in ASD and related to the number of ASD traits manifested by neurotypical individuals (fewer traits?=?larger SRE). Here, we report the first experiments exploring the relation between ASD and the SRE in perception. Using a “Shapes” Task (Sui et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105, 2012), participants learned to associate three different shapes (triangle, circle, square) with three different labels representing self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g., “you”, “mother”, “stranger”). Participants then completed trials during which they were presented with one shape and one label for 100 ms, and made judgments about whether the shape and label was a match. In Experiment 1, neurotypical participants (n?=?124) showed the expected SRE, detecting self?related matches more reliably and quickly than matches involving familiar or unfamiliar other. Most important, number of ASD traits was unrelated to the size of the SRE for either accuracy or RT. Bayesian association analyses strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, there were no differences between 22 adults with ASD and 21 matched comparison adults in performance on the Shapes Task. Despite showing large and significant theory of mind impairments, participants with ASD showed the typical SRE and there were no associations with ASD traits in either group. In every case, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypothesis. These findings challenge theories about self?representation in ASD, as discussed in the article. Autism Res 2018, 11: 331–341. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Neurotypical people tend to find it easier to perceive and remember information that relates to themselves than information that relates to others. Research suggests that people with ASD show a diminished (or absent) self?bias in memory and that severity of ASD predicts the extent of this diminution (more severe ASD?=?smaller self?bias in memory). However, the current research suggests strongly that people with ASD do show a self?bias in their perception. This research informs our understanding of psychological functioning in ASD and challenges theories regarding self?awareness in this disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1891 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] The Self?Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Toby NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Catherine GRAINGER, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.331-341. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.331-341 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Memory for (and perception of) information about the self is superior to memory for (and perception of) other kinds of information. This self?reference effect (SRE) in memory appears diminished in ASD and related to the number of ASD traits manifested by neurotypical individuals (fewer traits?=?larger SRE). Here, we report the first experiments exploring the relation between ASD and the SRE in perception. Using a “Shapes” Task (Sui et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38, 1105, 2012), participants learned to associate three different shapes (triangle, circle, square) with three different labels representing self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g., “you”, “mother”, “stranger”). Participants then completed trials during which they were presented with one shape and one label for 100 ms, and made judgments about whether the shape and label was a match. In Experiment 1, neurotypical participants (n?=?124) showed the expected SRE, detecting self?related matches more reliably and quickly than matches involving familiar or unfamiliar other. Most important, number of ASD traits was unrelated to the size of the SRE for either accuracy or RT. Bayesian association analyses strongly supported the null hypothesis. In Experiment 2, there were no differences between 22 adults with ASD and 21 matched comparison adults in performance on the Shapes Task. Despite showing large and significant theory of mind impairments, participants with ASD showed the typical SRE and there were no associations with ASD traits in either group. In every case, Bayesian analyses favored the null hypothesis. These findings challenge theories about self?representation in ASD, as discussed in the article. Autism Res 2018, 11: 331–341. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Neurotypical people tend to find it easier to perceive and remember information that relates to themselves than information that relates to others. Research suggests that people with ASD show a diminished (or absent) self?bias in memory and that severity of ASD predicts the extent of this diminution (more severe ASD?=?smaller self?bias in memory). However, the current research suggests strongly that people with ASD do show a self?bias in their perception. This research informs our understanding of psychological functioning in ASD and challenges theories regarding self?awareness in this disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1891 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Error?related brain activity and anxiety symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder / Tamara E. ROSEN in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.342-354 Titre : Error?related brain activity and anxiety symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tamara E. ROSEN, Auteur ; Matthew D. LERNER, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.342-354 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive?compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. In other populations, these same symptoms are associated with a larger error?related negativity (ERN), an event?related potential that reflects endogenous threat sensitivity. As such, it is possible that the ERN may relate to the clinical presentation of anxiety in ASD. However, studies examining these associations in youth with ASD have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to clarify this relationship by examining the ERN in relation to these specific anxiety symptoms in ASD, and by accounting for typical covariates (e.g., age, verbal abilities, depression, ASD symptoms) of the ERN. Fifty?one youth, ages 8–17, with ASD and intact cognitive ability completed a modified Flanker task, from which the ERN component was obtained. Measures of anxiety, verbal abilities, depression, and ASD symptoms were collected from participants and parents. Results revealed that greater self?reported social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears but not humiliation/rejection fears, were associated with an increased neural response to errors, as measured by the ERN. This relationship remained after controlling for other anxiety symptoms, as well as age, verbal IQ, depression symptoms, and ASD symptoms. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness. Autism Res 2018, 11: 342–354. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The error?related negativity (ERN) is a physiological measure of the brain's response to errors which is thought to reflect threat sensitivity and has been implicated in anxiety disorders in individuals without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study revealed that the ERN is related to social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears, in a sample of youth with ASD. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1898 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Error?related brain activity and anxiety symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tamara E. ROSEN, Auteur ; Matthew D. LERNER, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.342-354. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.342-354 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive?compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. In other populations, these same symptoms are associated with a larger error?related negativity (ERN), an event?related potential that reflects endogenous threat sensitivity. As such, it is possible that the ERN may relate to the clinical presentation of anxiety in ASD. However, studies examining these associations in youth with ASD have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to clarify this relationship by examining the ERN in relation to these specific anxiety symptoms in ASD, and by accounting for typical covariates (e.g., age, verbal abilities, depression, ASD symptoms) of the ERN. Fifty?one youth, ages 8–17, with ASD and intact cognitive ability completed a modified Flanker task, from which the ERN component was obtained. Measures of anxiety, verbal abilities, depression, and ASD symptoms were collected from participants and parents. Results revealed that greater self?reported social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears but not humiliation/rejection fears, were associated with an increased neural response to errors, as measured by the ERN. This relationship remained after controlling for other anxiety symptoms, as well as age, verbal IQ, depression symptoms, and ASD symptoms. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness. Autism Res 2018, 11: 342–354. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The error?related negativity (ERN) is a physiological measure of the brain's response to errors which is thought to reflect threat sensitivity and has been implicated in anxiety disorders in individuals without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study revealed that the ERN is related to social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears, in a sample of youth with ASD. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1898 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta?analysis of wave V / Oren MIRON in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.355-363 Titre : Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta?analysis of wave V Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Oren MIRON, Auteur ; Andrew L. BEAM, Auteur ; Isaac S. KOHANE, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.355-363 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recently found to have prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR); however, at older ages, findings are contradictory. We compared ABR differences between participants with ASD and controls with respect to age using a meta?analysis. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, HOLLIS, and ScienceDirect from their inception to June 2016. The 25 studies that were included had a total of 1349 participants (727 participants with ASD and 622 controls) and an age range of 0–40 years. Prolongation of the absolute latency of wave V in ASD had a significant negative correlation with age (R2?=?0.23; P?=?0.01). The 22 studies below age 18 years showed a significantly prolonged wave V in ASD (Standard Mean Difference?=?0.6 [95% CI, 0.5–0.8]; P? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1886 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Auditory brainstem response in infants and children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta?analysis of wave V [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Oren MIRON, Auteur ; Andrew L. BEAM, Auteur ; Isaac S. KOHANE, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.355-363. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.355-363 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recently found to have prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR); however, at older ages, findings are contradictory. We compared ABR differences between participants with ASD and controls with respect to age using a meta?analysis. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, HOLLIS, and ScienceDirect from their inception to June 2016. The 25 studies that were included had a total of 1349 participants (727 participants with ASD and 622 controls) and an age range of 0–40 years. Prolongation of the absolute latency of wave V in ASD had a significant negative correlation with age (R2?=?0.23; P?=?0.01). The 22 studies below age 18 years showed a significantly prolonged wave V in ASD (Standard Mean Difference?=?0.6 [95% CI, 0.5–0.8]; P? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1886 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Pupillary Response and Phenotype in ASD: Latency to Constriction Discriminates ASD from Typically Developing Adolescents / Georgina T.F. LYNCH in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.364-375 Titre : Pupillary Response and Phenotype in ASD: Latency to Constriction Discriminates ASD from Typically Developing Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Georgina T.F. LYNCH, Auteur ; Stephen M. JAMES, Auteur ; Mark VANDAM, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.364-375 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Brain imaging data describe differences in the ASD brain, including amygdala overgrowth, neural interconnectivity, and a three?phase model of neuroanatomical changes from early post?natal development through late adolescence. The pupil reflex test (PRT), a noninvasive measure of brain function, may help improve early diagnosis and elucidate underlying physiology in expression of ASD endophenotype. Commonly observed characteristics of ASD include normal visual acuity but difficulty with eye gaze and photosensitivity, suggesting deficient neuromodulation of cranial nerves. Aims of this study were to confirm sensitivity of the PRT for identifying adolescents with ASD, determine if a phenotype for a subtype of ASD marked by pupil response is present in adolescence, and determine whether differences could be observed on a neurologic exam testing cranial nerves II and III (CNII; CNIII). Using pupillometry, constriction latency was measured serving as a proxy for recording neuromodulation of cranial nerves underlying the pupillary reflex. The swinging flashlight method, used to perform the PRT for measuring constriction latency and return to baseline, discriminated ASD participants from typically developing adolescents on 72.2% of trials. Results further confirmed this measure's sensitivity within a subtype of ASD in later stages of development, serving as a correlate of neural activity within the locus–coeruleus norepinephrine (LC–NE) system. A brainstem model of atypical PRT in ASD is examined in relation to modulation of cranial nerves and atypical arousal levels subserving the atypical pupillary reflex. Autism Res 2018, 11: 364–375. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Milder forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be difficult to diagnose based on behavioral testing alone. This study used eye?tracking equipment and a hand?held penlight to measure the pupil reflex in adolescents with “high functioning” ASD and in adolescents without ASD. The ASD group showed a delay in pupil response. This is the first eye?tracking study to conduct this test as typically performed by a clinical provider, demonstrating differences in older individuals with a subtype of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1888 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Pupillary Response and Phenotype in ASD: Latency to Constriction Discriminates ASD from Typically Developing Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Georgina T.F. LYNCH, Auteur ; Stephen M. JAMES, Auteur ; Mark VANDAM, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.364-375. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.364-375 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Brain imaging data describe differences in the ASD brain, including amygdala overgrowth, neural interconnectivity, and a three?phase model of neuroanatomical changes from early post?natal development through late adolescence. The pupil reflex test (PRT), a noninvasive measure of brain function, may help improve early diagnosis and elucidate underlying physiology in expression of ASD endophenotype. Commonly observed characteristics of ASD include normal visual acuity but difficulty with eye gaze and photosensitivity, suggesting deficient neuromodulation of cranial nerves. Aims of this study were to confirm sensitivity of the PRT for identifying adolescents with ASD, determine if a phenotype for a subtype of ASD marked by pupil response is present in adolescence, and determine whether differences could be observed on a neurologic exam testing cranial nerves II and III (CNII; CNIII). Using pupillometry, constriction latency was measured serving as a proxy for recording neuromodulation of cranial nerves underlying the pupillary reflex. The swinging flashlight method, used to perform the PRT for measuring constriction latency and return to baseline, discriminated ASD participants from typically developing adolescents on 72.2% of trials. Results further confirmed this measure's sensitivity within a subtype of ASD in later stages of development, serving as a correlate of neural activity within the locus–coeruleus norepinephrine (LC–NE) system. A brainstem model of atypical PRT in ASD is examined in relation to modulation of cranial nerves and atypical arousal levels subserving the atypical pupillary reflex. Autism Res 2018, 11: 364–375. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Milder forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be difficult to diagnose based on behavioral testing alone. This study used eye?tracking equipment and a hand?held penlight to measure the pupil reflex in adolescents with “high functioning” ASD and in adolescents without ASD. The ASD group showed a delay in pupil response. This is the first eye?tracking study to conduct this test as typically performed by a clinical provider, demonstrating differences in older individuals with a subtype of ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1888 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Dissociation between executed and imagined bimanual movements in autism spectrum conditions / Alessandro PIEDIMONTE in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.376-384 Titre : Dissociation between executed and imagined bimanual movements in autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alessandro PIEDIMONTE, Auteur ; Massimiliano CONSON, Auteur ; Alessandro FROLLI, Auteur ; Stefania BARI, Auteur ; Francesco Della GATTA, Auteur ; Marco RABUFFETTI, Auteur ; Roberto KELLER, Auteur ; Anna BERTI, Auteur ; Francesca GARBARINI, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.376-384 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterized by social?communicative deficits and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Altered motor coordination is also observed and a dysfunction of motor imagery has been recently reported on implicit tasks. However, no information on explicit motor imagery abilities is available in ASC. Here, we employed a spatial bimanual task to concurrently assess motor coordination and explicit motor imagery in autism. A secondary objective of the study was to evaluate these abilities across two populations of ASC, namely adolescents and adults with ASC. To this aim, we took advantage of the circles?lines task in which where participants were asked to continuously draw: right hand lines (unimanual condition); right hand lines and left hand circles (bimanual condition); right hand lines while imagining to draw left hand circles (imagery condition). For each participant, an Ovalization Index (OI) was calculated as a deviation of the right hand drawing trajectory from an absolute vertical axis. Results showed a significant and similar coupling effect in the bimanual condition (i.e., a significant increase of the OI values with respect to the unimanual condition) in both controls and ASC participants. On the contrary, in the imagery condition, a significant coupling effect was found only in controls. Furthermore, adult controls showed a significantly higher imagery coupling effect in comparison to all the other groups. These results demonstrate that atypical motor imagery processes in ASC are not limited to implicit tasks and suggest that development of neural structures involved in motor imagery are immature in ASC. Autism Res 2018, 11: 376–384. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterized by social?communicative and motor coordination difficulties but in many cases also by an impaired capability to imagine movements. In this study we found that while two handed coordination in ASC can be developed as well as in typically developed persons, the development of motor imagery could still be immature in ASC, leading to difficulties in imagining, understanding as well as programming and coordinating complex movements. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1902 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Dissociation between executed and imagined bimanual movements in autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alessandro PIEDIMONTE, Auteur ; Massimiliano CONSON, Auteur ; Alessandro FROLLI, Auteur ; Stefania BARI, Auteur ; Francesco Della GATTA, Auteur ; Marco RABUFFETTI, Auteur ; Roberto KELLER, Auteur ; Anna BERTI, Auteur ; Francesca GARBARINI, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.376-384. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.376-384 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterized by social?communicative deficits and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Altered motor coordination is also observed and a dysfunction of motor imagery has been recently reported on implicit tasks. However, no information on explicit motor imagery abilities is available in ASC. Here, we employed a spatial bimanual task to concurrently assess motor coordination and explicit motor imagery in autism. A secondary objective of the study was to evaluate these abilities across two populations of ASC, namely adolescents and adults with ASC. To this aim, we took advantage of the circles?lines task in which where participants were asked to continuously draw: right hand lines (unimanual condition); right hand lines and left hand circles (bimanual condition); right hand lines while imagining to draw left hand circles (imagery condition). For each participant, an Ovalization Index (OI) was calculated as a deviation of the right hand drawing trajectory from an absolute vertical axis. Results showed a significant and similar coupling effect in the bimanual condition (i.e., a significant increase of the OI values with respect to the unimanual condition) in both controls and ASC participants. On the contrary, in the imagery condition, a significant coupling effect was found only in controls. Furthermore, adult controls showed a significantly higher imagery coupling effect in comparison to all the other groups. These results demonstrate that atypical motor imagery processes in ASC are not limited to implicit tasks and suggest that development of neural structures involved in motor imagery are immature in ASC. Autism Res 2018, 11: 376–384. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterized by social?communicative and motor coordination difficulties but in many cases also by an impaired capability to imagine movements. In this study we found that while two handed coordination in ASC can be developed as well as in typically developed persons, the development of motor imagery could still be immature in ASC, leading to difficulties in imagining, understanding as well as programming and coordinating complex movements. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1902 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study / Michael C. W. ENGLISH in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.385-390 Titre : Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Emma S. KITCHING, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.385-390 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While neurotypical individuals over?attend to the left?side of centrally?presented visual stimuli, this bias is reduced in individuals with autism/high levels of autistic traits. Because this difference is hypothesized to reflect relative reductions in right?hemisphere activation, it follows that increasing right?hemisphere activation should increase leftward bias. We administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right posterior parietal cortex to individuals with low levels (n?=?19) and high levels (n?=?19) of autistic traits whilst they completed a greyscales task. Anodal tDCS increased leftward bias for high?trait, but not low?trait, individuals, while cathodal tDCS had no effect. This outcome suggests that typical attentional patterns driven by hemispheric lateralization could potentially be restored following right?hemisphere stimulation in high?trait individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 385–390. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Attentional differences between individuals with and without autism may reflect differences in underlying activation of the left and right hemispheres. In this study, we combine an attentional task that reflects relative hemispheric activation with non?invasive cortical stimulation, and show that attentional differences between healthy individuals with low and high levels of autistic?like traits can be reduced. This outcome is encouraging, and suggests that other aspects of attention in autism (e.g., face processing) may stand to benefit from similar stimulation techniques. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael C. W. ENGLISH, Auteur ; Emma S. KITCHING, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Troy A. W. VISSER, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.385-390. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.385-390 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While neurotypical individuals over?attend to the left?side of centrally?presented visual stimuli, this bias is reduced in individuals with autism/high levels of autistic traits. Because this difference is hypothesized to reflect relative reductions in right?hemisphere activation, it follows that increasing right?hemisphere activation should increase leftward bias. We administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right posterior parietal cortex to individuals with low levels (n?=?19) and high levels (n?=?19) of autistic traits whilst they completed a greyscales task. Anodal tDCS increased leftward bias for high?trait, but not low?trait, individuals, while cathodal tDCS had no effect. This outcome suggests that typical attentional patterns driven by hemispheric lateralization could potentially be restored following right?hemisphere stimulation in high?trait individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 385–390. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Attentional differences between individuals with and without autism may reflect differences in underlying activation of the left and right hemispheres. In this study, we combine an attentional task that reflects relative hemispheric activation with non?invasive cortical stimulation, and show that attentional differences between healthy individuals with low and high levels of autistic?like traits can be reduced. This outcome is encouraging, and suggests that other aspects of attention in autism (e.g., face processing) may stand to benefit from similar stimulation techniques. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Sleep patterns predictive of daytime challenging behavior in individuals with low?functioning autism / Simonne COHEN in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.391-403 Titre : Sleep patterns predictive of daytime challenging behavior in individuals with low?functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simonne COHEN, Auteur ; Ben D. FULCHER, Auteur ; Shantha M. W. RAJARATNAM, Auteur ; Russell CONDUIT, Auteur ; Jason P. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Melissa A. St HILAIRE, Auteur ; Andrew J. K. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Tobias LODDENKEMPER, Auteur ; Sanjeev V. KOTHARE, Auteur ; Kelly MCCONNELL, Auteur ; Paula BRAGA?KENYON, Auteur ; William H. AHEARN, Auteur ; Andrew SHLESINGER, Auteur ; Jacqueline POTTER, Auteur ; Frank BIRD, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur ; Steven W. LOCKLEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.391-403 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increased severity of problematic daytime behavior has been associated with poorer sleep quality in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In this work, we investigate whether this relationship holds in a real?time setting, such that an individual's prior sleep can be used to predict their subsequent daytime behavior. We analyzed an extensive real?world dataset containing over 20,000 nightly sleep observations matched to subsequent challenging daytime behaviors (aggression, self?injury, tantrums, property destruction and a challenging behavior index) across 67 individuals with low?functioning autism living in two U.S. residential facilities. Using support vector machine classifiers, a statistically significant predictive relationship was found in 81% of individuals studied (P? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1899 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Sleep patterns predictive of daytime challenging behavior in individuals with low?functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simonne COHEN, Auteur ; Ben D. FULCHER, Auteur ; Shantha M. W. RAJARATNAM, Auteur ; Russell CONDUIT, Auteur ; Jason P. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Melissa A. St HILAIRE, Auteur ; Andrew J. K. PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Tobias LODDENKEMPER, Auteur ; Sanjeev V. KOTHARE, Auteur ; Kelly MCCONNELL, Auteur ; Paula BRAGA?KENYON, Auteur ; William H. AHEARN, Auteur ; Andrew SHLESINGER, Auteur ; Jacqueline POTTER, Auteur ; Frank BIRD, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur ; Steven W. LOCKLEY, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.391-403. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.391-403 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Increased severity of problematic daytime behavior has been associated with poorer sleep quality in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In this work, we investigate whether this relationship holds in a real?time setting, such that an individual's prior sleep can be used to predict their subsequent daytime behavior. We analyzed an extensive real?world dataset containing over 20,000 nightly sleep observations matched to subsequent challenging daytime behaviors (aggression, self?injury, tantrums, property destruction and a challenging behavior index) across 67 individuals with low?functioning autism living in two U.S. residential facilities. Using support vector machine classifiers, a statistically significant predictive relationship was found in 81% of individuals studied (P? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1899 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

President's Message in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.404-404 Titre : President's Message Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.404-404 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1927 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] President's Message [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2018 . - p.404-404. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.404-404 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1927 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334