Attentional Network Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Jin FAN

Public ISBD in The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders / Joseph D. BUXBAUM Titre : Attentional Network Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jin FAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Importance : p.281-288 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Résumé : Attentional dysfunction is one of the most consistent findings in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the significance of such findings for the pathophysiology of autism is unclear. To elucidate the relationship of ASD and attention, deficits in each of several functions of attention are examined by conceptualizing attention as an organ system. The functions of attention are alerting, orienting, and executive control, each with their own neuroanatomy and neurochemistry. The findings related to attentional difficulties in autism may best be explained as deficits among attentional functions and their interactions. Such deficits are important to the development and maintenance of cognitive and social dysfunction in ASD, and may constitute a key biomarker for these disorders. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=189 in The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders / Joseph D. BUXBAUM Attentional Network Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jin FAN, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.281-288. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Résumé : Attentional dysfunction is one of the most consistent findings in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the significance of such findings for the pathophysiology of autism is unclear. To elucidate the relationship of ASD and attention, deficits in each of several functions of attention are examined by conceptualizing attention as an organ system. The functions of attention are alerting, orienting, and executive control, each with their own neuroanatomy and neurochemistry. The findings related to attentional difficulties in autism may best be explained as deficits among attentional functions and their interactions. Such deficits are important to the development and maintenance of cognitive and social dysfunction in ASD, and may constitute a key biomarker for these disorders. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=189

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Effects of age and symptomatology on cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorders / Krissy A. R. DOYLE-THOMAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-1 (January 2013) . - p.141-50 Titre : Effects of age and symptomatology on cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Krissy A. R. DOYLE-THOMAS, Auteur ; Emma G. DUERDEN, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur ; Latha V. SOORYA, Auteur ; A. Ting WANG, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur ; Eric HOLLANDER, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.141-50 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Structural MRI  Cortical thickness  Social impairment  Developmental changes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several brain regions show structural and functional abnormalities in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the developmental trajectory of abnormalities in these structures and how they may relate to social and communicative impairments are still unclear. We assessed the effects of age on cortical thickness in individuals with ASD, between the ages of 7 and 39 years in comparison to typically developing controls. Additionally, we examined differences in cortical thickness in relation to symptomatology in the ASD group, and their association with age. Analyses were conducted using a general linear model, controlling for sex. Social and communication scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) were correlated with the thickness of regions implicated in those functions. Controls showed widespread cortical thinning relative to the ASD group. Within regions-of-interest, increased thickness in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex was associated with poorer social scores. Additionally, a significant interaction between age and social impairment was found in the orbitofrontal cortex, with more impaired younger children having decreased thickness in this region. These results suggest that differential neurodevelopmental trajectories are present in individuals with ASD and some differences are associated with diagnostic behaviours. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179 [article] Effects of age and symptomatology on cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Krissy A. R. DOYLE-THOMAS, Auteur ; Emma G. DUERDEN, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur ; Latha V. SOORYA, Auteur ; A. Ting WANG, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur ; Eric HOLLANDER, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.141-50. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-1 (January 2013) . - p.141-50 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Structural MRI  Cortical thickness  Social impairment  Developmental changes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several brain regions show structural and functional abnormalities in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the developmental trajectory of abnormalities in these structures and how they may relate to social and communicative impairments are still unclear. We assessed the effects of age on cortical thickness in individuals with ASD, between the ages of 7 and 39 years in comparison to typically developing controls. Additionally, we examined differences in cortical thickness in relation to symptomatology in the ASD group, and their association with age. Analyses were conducted using a general linear model, controlling for sex. Social and communication scores from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) were correlated with the thickness of regions implicated in those functions. Controls showed widespread cortical thinning relative to the ASD group. Within regions-of-interest, increased thickness in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex was associated with poorer social scores. Additionally, a significant interaction between age and social impairment was found in the orbitofrontal cortex, with more impaired younger children having decreased thickness in this region. These results suggest that differential neurodevelopmental trajectories are present in individuals with ASD and some differences are associated with diagnostic behaviours. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179

Metabolic mapping of deep brain structures and associations with symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders / Krissy A. R. DOYLE-THOMAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-1 (January 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-1 (January 2014) . - p.44-51 Titre : Metabolic mapping of deep brain structures and associations with symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Krissy A. R. DOYLE-THOMAS, Auteur ; Dallas CARD, Auteur ; Latha V. SOORYA, Auteur ; A. TING WANG, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.44-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Magnetic resonance spectroscopy  Autism spectrum disorders  Deep gray matter  Caudate nucleus  Putamen  Thalamus and social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Structural neuroimaging studies in autism report atypical volume in deep brain structures which are related to symptomatology. Little is known about metabolic changes in these regions, and how they vary with age and sex, and/or relate to clinical behaviors. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy we measured N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, myoinositol and glutamate in the caudate, putamen, and thalamus of 20 children with autism and 16 typically developing controls (7–18 years). Relative to controls, individuals with autism had elevated glutamate/creatine in the putamen. In addition, both groups showed age-related increases in glutamate in this region. Boys, relative to girls had increased choline/creatine in the thalamus. Lastly, there were correlations between glutamate, choline, and myoinositol in all three regions, and behavioral scores in the ASD group. These findings suggest changes in deep gray matter neurochemistry, which are sensitive to diagnosis, age and sex, and are associated with behavioral differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.10.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220 [article] Metabolic mapping of deep brain structures and associations with symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Krissy A. R. DOYLE-THOMAS, Auteur ; Dallas CARD, Auteur ; Latha V. SOORYA, Auteur ; A. TING WANG, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur . - p.44-51. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-1 (January 2014) . - p.44-51 Mots-clés : Magnetic resonance spectroscopy  Autism spectrum disorders  Deep gray matter  Caudate nucleus  Putamen  Thalamus and social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Structural neuroimaging studies in autism report atypical volume in deep brain structures which are related to symptomatology. Little is known about metabolic changes in these regions, and how they vary with age and sex, and/or relate to clinical behaviors. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy we measured N-acetylaspartate, choline, creatine, myoinositol and glutamate in the caudate, putamen, and thalamus of 20 children with autism and 16 typically developing controls (7–18 years). Relative to controls, individuals with autism had elevated glutamate/creatine in the putamen. In addition, both groups showed age-related increases in glutamate in this region. Boys, relative to girls had increased choline/creatine in the thalamus. Lastly, there were correlations between glutamate, choline, and myoinositol in all three regions, and behavioral scores in the ASD group. These findings suggest changes in deep gray matter neurochemistry, which are sensitive to diagnosis, age and sex, and are associated with behavioral differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.10.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220

Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Melissa-Ann MACKIE in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.403-414 Titre : Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa-Ann MACKIE, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.403-414 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  information processing  information theory  executive functions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive control constrains mental operations to prioritize information that reaches conscious awareness and is essential to flexible, adaptive behavior under conditions of uncertainty. Cognitive control can be compromised by neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by the presence of social and communicative deficits, and restricted interests/repetitive behaviors. Although prior investigations have attempted to elucidate the nature of cognitive control in ASD, whether there is an underlying information processing deficit associated with cognitive control remains unclear. This study challenged cognitive control in 15 high-functioning adults with ASD and 15 typically developing (TD) controls using three novel tasks designed to systematically manipulate uncertainty. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cognitive control in sequential information processing, cognitive control of nonsequential information processing across a range of cognitive loads and cognitive control capacity under time constraint. Results demonstrated that the ASD group performed less efficiently on sequential and nonsequential information processing, and had reduced cognitive control capacity under time constraint relative to the TD group. These findings suggest that inefficient cognitive control of information processing may be a fundamental deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 403–414. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1517 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa-Ann MACKIE, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur . - p.403-414. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.403-414 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  information processing  information theory  executive functions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive control constrains mental operations to prioritize information that reaches conscious awareness and is essential to flexible, adaptive behavior under conditions of uncertainty. Cognitive control can be compromised by neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by the presence of social and communicative deficits, and restricted interests/repetitive behaviors. Although prior investigations have attempted to elucidate the nature of cognitive control in ASD, whether there is an underlying information processing deficit associated with cognitive control remains unclear. This study challenged cognitive control in 15 high-functioning adults with ASD and 15 typically developing (TD) controls using three novel tasks designed to systematically manipulate uncertainty. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cognitive control in sequential information processing, cognitive control of nonsequential information processing across a range of cognitive loads and cognitive control capacity under time constraint. Results demonstrated that the ASD group performed less efficiently on sequential and nonsequential information processing, and had reduced cognitive control capacity under time constraint relative to the TD group. These findings suggest that inefficient cognitive control of information processing may be a fundamental deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 403–414. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1517 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

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