Aetiology for the covariation between combined type ADHD and reading difficulties in a family study: the role of IQ / Celeste H.M. CHEUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-8 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.864-873 Titre : Aetiology for the covariation between combined type ADHD and reading difficulties in a family study: the role of IQ Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Celeste H.M. CHEUNG, Auteur ; Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Yannis PALOYELIS, Auteur ; Alejandro ARIAS-VASQUEZ, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Fernando MULAS, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.864-873 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  reading difficulties  IQ  familial  sibling-pair  comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Twin studies using both clinical and population-based samples suggest that the frequent co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading ability/disability (RD) is largely driven by shared genetic influences. While both disorders are associated with lower IQ, recent twin data suggest that the shared genetic variability between reading difficulties and ADHD inattention symptoms is largely independent from genetic influences contributing to general cognitive ability. The current study aimed to extend the previous findings that were based on rating scale measures in a population sample by examining the generalisability of the findings to a clinical population, and by measuring reading difficulties both with a rating scale and with an objective task. This study investigated the familial relationships between ADHD, reading difficulties and IQ in a sample of individuals diagnosed with ADHD combined type, their siblings and control sibling pairs. Methods:  Multivariate familial models were run on data from 1,789 individuals at ages 6–19. Reading difficulties were measured with both rating scale and an objective task. IQ was obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC–III/WAIS–III). Results:  Significant phenotypic (.2–.4) and familial (.3–.5) correlations were observed among ADHD, reading difficulties and IQ. Yet, 53%–72% of the overlapping familial influences between ADHD and reading difficulties were not shared with IQ. Conclusions:  Our finding that familial influences shared with general cognitive ability, although present, do not account for the majority of the overlapping familial influences on ADHD and reading difficulties extends previous findings from a population-based study to a clinically ascertained sample with combined type ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02527.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177 [article] Aetiology for the covariation between combined type ADHD and reading difficulties in a family study: the role of IQ [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Celeste H.M. CHEUNG, Auteur ; Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Yannis PALOYELIS, Auteur ; Alejandro ARIAS-VASQUEZ, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Fernando MULAS, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.864-873. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.864-873 Mots-clés : ADHD  reading difficulties  IQ  familial  sibling-pair  comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Twin studies using both clinical and population-based samples suggest that the frequent co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading ability/disability (RD) is largely driven by shared genetic influences. While both disorders are associated with lower IQ, recent twin data suggest that the shared genetic variability between reading difficulties and ADHD inattention symptoms is largely independent from genetic influences contributing to general cognitive ability. The current study aimed to extend the previous findings that were based on rating scale measures in a population sample by examining the generalisability of the findings to a clinical population, and by measuring reading difficulties both with a rating scale and with an objective task. This study investigated the familial relationships between ADHD, reading difficulties and IQ in a sample of individuals diagnosed with ADHD combined type, their siblings and control sibling pairs. Methods:  Multivariate familial models were run on data from 1,789 individuals at ages 6–19. Reading difficulties were measured with both rating scale and an objective task. IQ was obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC–III/WAIS–III). Results:  Significant phenotypic (.2–.4) and familial (.3–.5) correlations were observed among ADHD, reading difficulties and IQ. Yet, 53%–72% of the overlapping familial influences between ADHD and reading difficulties were not shared with IQ. Conclusions:  Our finding that familial influences shared with general cognitive ability, although present, do not account for the majority of the overlapping familial influences on ADHD and reading difficulties extends previous findings from a population-based study to a clinically ascertained sample with combined type ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02527.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177

Genetic influences on mechanically-assessed activity level in children / Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-7 (July 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-7 (July 2007) . - p.695–702 Titre : Genetic influences on mechanically-assessed activity level in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur ; Hannah ROGERS, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.695–702 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Activity-level actigraph etiology heritability twin-study genetic-effects attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Activity level is an important component of children's temperament, as well as being part of the core symptom domain of hyperactivity-impulsivity within attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet it is poorly understood, due partly to limitations on parent and teacher ratings, which are typically used as measurements of these symptoms. Methods: We aimed to study the etiology of objectively-measured activity level across two situations, using actigraphs. A population-based sample of 463 7–9-year-old twin pairs were assessed individually both when apart undergoing laboratory-based cognitive testing and when together during a break in testing. Results: Heritability of activity level was estimated as 24% during the test session and at 30% during the break in testing. Shared environmental influences accounted for 27% of the variance in activity level during the test session and 42% of activity level measured during the break. A genetic correlation of 1.0 indicated that the same genes influenced activity level across the two situations, justifying the use of a composite measure of the two situations. This produced a heritability estimate of 36%. Conclusions: Objectively-measured activity level shows a moderate degree of genetic influence, with a common set of genes influencing activity level across situations. This supports the use of actigraphs as an additional source of information in studies that aim to improve phenotype definition for molecular genetic studies of activity level and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01739.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142 [article] Genetic influences on mechanically-assessed activity level in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur ; Hannah ROGERS, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.695–702. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-7 (July 2007) . - p.695–702 Mots-clés : Activity-level actigraph etiology heritability twin-study genetic-effects attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Activity level is an important component of children's temperament, as well as being part of the core symptom domain of hyperactivity-impulsivity within attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet it is poorly understood, due partly to limitations on parent and teacher ratings, which are typically used as measurements of these symptoms. Methods: We aimed to study the etiology of objectively-measured activity level across two situations, using actigraphs. A population-based sample of 463 7–9-year-old twin pairs were assessed individually both when apart undergoing laboratory-based cognitive testing and when together during a break in testing. Results: Heritability of activity level was estimated as 24% during the test session and at 30% during the break in testing. Shared environmental influences accounted for 27% of the variance in activity level during the test session and 42% of activity level measured during the break. A genetic correlation of 1.0 indicated that the same genes influenced activity level across the two situations, justifying the use of a composite measure of the two situations. This produced a heritability estimate of 36%. Conclusions: Objectively-measured activity level shows a moderate degree of genetic influence, with a common set of genes influencing activity level across situations. This supports the use of actigraphs as an additional source of information in studies that aim to improve phenotype definition for molecular genetic studies of activity level and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01739.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142

Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD / Tobias BANASCHEWSKI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-11 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-11 (November 2012) . - p.1139-1148 Titre : Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Christine JENNEN-STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Björn ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Wai CHEN, Auteur ; Henrik UEBEL, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Iris MANOR, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Fernando MULAS, Auteur ; Robert D. OADES, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1139-1148 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  neuropsychological performance  emotional lability  executive functions  delay aversion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods:  A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 6–18 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go Task, a warned four-choice Reaction Time task, the Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion and Digit span backwards. Neuropsychological variables were aggregated as indices of processing speed, response variability, executive functions, choice impulsivity and the influence of energetic and/or motivational factors. EL and ADHD symptoms were regressed on each neuropsychological variable in separate analyses controlling for age, gender and IQ, and, in subsequent regression analyses, for ADHD and EL symptoms respectively. Results:  Neuropsychological variables significantly predicted ADHD and EL symptoms with moderate-to-low regression coefficients. However, the association between neuropsychological parameters on EL disappeared entirely when the effect of ADHD symptoms was taken into account, revealing that the association between the neuropsychological performance measures and EL is completely mediated statistically by variations in ADHD symptoms. Conversely, neuropsychological effects on ADHD symptoms remained after EL symptom severity was taken into account. Conclusions:  The neuropsychological parameters examined, herein, predict ADHD more strongly than EL. They cannot explain EL symptoms beyond what is already accounted for by ADHD symptom severity. The association between EL and ADHD cannot be explained by these cognitive or motivational deficits. Alternative mechanisms, including overlapping genetic influences (pleiotropic effects) and/or alternative neuropsychological processes need to be considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Christine JENNEN-STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Björn ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Wai CHEN, Auteur ; Henrik UEBEL, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Iris MANOR, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Fernando MULAS, Auteur ; Robert D. OADES, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1139-1148. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-11 (November 2012) . - p.1139-1148 Mots-clés : ADHD  neuropsychological performance  emotional lability  executive functions  delay aversion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods:  A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 6–18 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go Task, a warned four-choice Reaction Time task, the Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion and Digit span backwards. Neuropsychological variables were aggregated as indices of processing speed, response variability, executive functions, choice impulsivity and the influence of energetic and/or motivational factors. EL and ADHD symptoms were regressed on each neuropsychological variable in separate analyses controlling for age, gender and IQ, and, in subsequent regression analyses, for ADHD and EL symptoms respectively. Results:  Neuropsychological variables significantly predicted ADHD and EL symptoms with moderate-to-low regression coefficients. However, the association between neuropsychological parameters on EL disappeared entirely when the effect of ADHD symptoms was taken into account, revealing that the association between the neuropsychological performance measures and EL is completely mediated statistically by variations in ADHD symptoms. Conversely, neuropsychological effects on ADHD symptoms remained after EL symptom severity was taken into account. Conclusions:  The neuropsychological parameters examined, herein, predict ADHD more strongly than EL. They cannot explain EL symptoms beyond what is already accounted for by ADHD symptom severity. The association between EL and ADHD cannot be explained by these cognitive or motivational deficits. Alternative mechanisms, including overlapping genetic influences (pleiotropic effects) and/or alternative neuropsychological processes need to be considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

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