Dépouillements

Big data in autism research: Methodological challenges and solutions / Brian K. LEE in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1852-1858 Titre : Big data in autism research: Methodological challenges and solutions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Diana E. SCHENDEL, Auteur ; Lindsay L. SHEA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1852-1858 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract While the concept of big data has emerged over the past decade as a hot topic in nearly all areas of scientific inquiry, it has rarely been discussed in the context of autism research. In this commentary we describe aspects of big data that are relevant to autism research and methodological issues such as confounding and data error that can hamper scientific investigation. Although big data studies can have transformative impact, bigger is not always better, and big data require the same methodological considerations and interdisciplinary collaboration as "small data" to extract useful scientific insight. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Big data in autism research: Methodological challenges and solutions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brian K. LEE, Auteur ; Diana E. SCHENDEL, Auteur ; Lindsay L. SHEA, Auteur . - p.1852-1858. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1852-1858 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract While the concept of big data has emerged over the past decade as a hot topic in nearly all areas of scientific inquiry, it has rarely been discussed in the context of autism research. In this commentary we describe aspects of big data that are relevant to autism research and methodological issues such as confounding and data error that can hamper scientific investigation. Although big data studies can have transformative impact, bigger is not always better, and big data require the same methodological considerations and interdisciplinary collaboration as "small data" to extract useful scientific insight. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Auditory evoked potentials in adolescents with autism: An investigation of brain development, intellectual impairment, and neural encoding / Sophie SCHWARTZ in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1859-1876 Titre : Auditory evoked potentials in adolescents with autism: An investigation of brain development, intellectual impairment, and neural encoding Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Le WANG, Auteur ; Sofia URIBE, Auteur ; Barbara G. SHINN-CUNNINGHAM, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1859-1876 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Limited research has evaluated neural encoding of sounds from a developmental perspective in individuals with autism (ASD), especially among those with intellectual disability. We compared auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in autistic adolescents with a wide range of intellectual abilities (n?=?40, NVIQ 30-160) to both age-matched cognitively able neurotypical adolescent controls (NT-A, n?=?37) and younger neurotypical children (NT-C, n?=?27) to assess potential developmental delays. In addition to a classic measure of peak amplitude, we calculated a continuous measure of intra-class correlation (ICC) between each adolescent participant's AEP and the age-normative, average AEP waveforms calculated from NT-C and NT-A to study differences in signal morphology. We found that peak amplitudes of neural responses were significantly smaller in autistic adolescents compared to NT-A. We also found that the AEP morphology of autistic adolescents looked more like NT-A peers than NT-C but was still significantly different from NT-A AEP waveforms. Results suggest that AEPs of autistic adolescents present differently from NTs, regardless of age, and differences cannot be accounted for by developmental delay. Nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted how closely each adolescent's AEP resembled the age-normed waveform. These results support an evolving theory that the degree of disruption in early neural responses to low-level inputs is reflected in the severity of intellectual impairments in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Auditory evoked potentials in adolescents with autism: An investigation of brain development, intellectual impairment, and neural encoding [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Le WANG, Auteur ; Sofia URIBE, Auteur ; Barbara G. SHINN-CUNNINGHAM, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.1859-1876. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1859-1876 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Limited research has evaluated neural encoding of sounds from a developmental perspective in individuals with autism (ASD), especially among those with intellectual disability. We compared auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in autistic adolescents with a wide range of intellectual abilities (n?=?40, NVIQ 30-160) to both age-matched cognitively able neurotypical adolescent controls (NT-A, n?=?37) and younger neurotypical children (NT-C, n?=?27) to assess potential developmental delays. In addition to a classic measure of peak amplitude, we calculated a continuous measure of intra-class correlation (ICC) between each adolescent participant's AEP and the age-normative, average AEP waveforms calculated from NT-C and NT-A to study differences in signal morphology. We found that peak amplitudes of neural responses were significantly smaller in autistic adolescents compared to NT-A. We also found that the AEP morphology of autistic adolescents looked more like NT-A peers than NT-C but was still significantly different from NT-A AEP waveforms. Results suggest that AEPs of autistic adolescents present differently from NTs, regardless of age, and differences cannot be accounted for by developmental delay. Nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted how closely each adolescent's AEP resembled the age-normed waveform. These results support an evolving theory that the degree of disruption in early neural responses to low-level inputs is reflected in the severity of intellectual impairments in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Zebrafish embryonically exposed to valproic acid present impaired retinal development and sleep behavior / Laura DEOLIVEIRA-MELLO in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1877-1890 Titre : Zebrafish embryonically exposed to valproic acid present impaired retinal development and sleep behavior Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura DEOLIVEIRA-MELLO, Auteur ; Diego BARONIO, Auteur ; Pertti PANULA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1877-1890 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a drug widely used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder, is an environmental risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). VPA has been used to reproduce the core symptoms of ASD in animal model organisms, including zebrafish. Visual system functioning is essential in the interpretation of social conditions and plays an important role of several behavioral responses. We hypothesized that behavioral deficits displayed by ASD patients may involve impaired visual processing. We used zebrafish as model organism to investigate the visual system after embryonic exposure to VPA using histological, behavioral and gene expression analysis. We analyzed the pineal gland of zebrafish and sleep-like behavior to study how VPA exposure alters photo-sensibility of zebrafish. VPA-exposed zebrafish showed a delay in the development of the retina and optic nerve, which normalized at five days post fertilization. At larval stage, VPA-exposed zebrafish showed sleep disturbances associated with a reduced number of serotonin-producing cells of the pineal gland. In addition, the number of hypocretin/orexin (hcrt) expressing neurons in the rostral hypothalamus at 6 and 14?days post fertilization was reduced. In conclusion, we demonstrated that although VPA exposure leads to a delay in visual system development, it does not affect larval visual function. The novel finding that VPA alters significantly cells involved in sleep regulation and the sleep-like state itself may be relevant for understanding sleep disturbances in ASD patients. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Zebrafish embryonically exposed to valproic acid present impaired retinal development and sleep behavior [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura DEOLIVEIRA-MELLO, Auteur ; Diego BARONIO, Auteur ; Pertti PANULA, Auteur . - p.1877-1890. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1877-1890 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a drug widely used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder, is an environmental risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). VPA has been used to reproduce the core symptoms of ASD in animal model organisms, including zebrafish. Visual system functioning is essential in the interpretation of social conditions and plays an important role of several behavioral responses. We hypothesized that behavioral deficits displayed by ASD patients may involve impaired visual processing. We used zebrafish as model organism to investigate the visual system after embryonic exposure to VPA using histological, behavioral and gene expression analysis. We analyzed the pineal gland of zebrafish and sleep-like behavior to study how VPA exposure alters photo-sensibility of zebrafish. VPA-exposed zebrafish showed a delay in the development of the retina and optic nerve, which normalized at five days post fertilization. At larval stage, VPA-exposed zebrafish showed sleep disturbances associated with a reduced number of serotonin-producing cells of the pineal gland. In addition, the number of hypocretin/orexin (hcrt) expressing neurons in the rostral hypothalamus at 6 and 14?days post fertilization was reduced. In conclusion, we demonstrated that although VPA exposure leads to a delay in visual system development, it does not affect larval visual function. The novel finding that VPA alters significantly cells involved in sleep regulation and the sleep-like state itself may be relevant for understanding sleep disturbances in ASD patients. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Well-being spectrum traits are associated with polygenic scores for autism / Salahuddin MOHAMMAD in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1891-1902 Titre : Well-being spectrum traits are associated with polygenic scores for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Salahuddin MOHAMMAD, Auteur ; Markus J. T. DE RUIJTER, Auteur ; Gull RUKH, Auteur ; Mathias RASK-ANDERSEN, Auteur ; Jessica MWINYI, Auteur ; Helgi B. SCHIÖTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1891-1902 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to experience lower well-being as demonstrated mostly for children and adolescents in epidemiological studies. A further investigation of inclusive well-being, in terms of five well-being spectrum (5-WBS) traits including neuroticism, depression, loneliness, life satisfaction, and positive affect, among adults with ASD may deepen our understanding of their well-being, and lead to the possibility to further modify societal supportive mechanisms for individuals with ASD. This study aims to investigate if a genetic predisposition for ASD is associated with 5-WBS traits using polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. PRS for ASD were calculated based on the latest genome-wide association study of ASD by the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium (18,381 cases, 27,969 controls) and were created in the independent cohort UK Biobank. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between ASD PRS and 5-WBS traits in the UK Biobank population including 337,423 individuals. ASD PRS were significantly associated with all 5-WBS traits, showing a positive association with the negative WBS traits, neuroticism (max R2?=?0.04%, p? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Well-being spectrum traits are associated with polygenic scores for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Salahuddin MOHAMMAD, Auteur ; Markus J. T. DE RUIJTER, Auteur ; Gull RUKH, Auteur ; Mathias RASK-ANDERSEN, Auteur ; Jessica MWINYI, Auteur ; Helgi B. SCHIÖTH, Auteur . - p.1891-1902. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1891-1902 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to experience lower well-being as demonstrated mostly for children and adolescents in epidemiological studies. A further investigation of inclusive well-being, in terms of five well-being spectrum (5-WBS) traits including neuroticism, depression, loneliness, life satisfaction, and positive affect, among adults with ASD may deepen our understanding of their well-being, and lead to the possibility to further modify societal supportive mechanisms for individuals with ASD. This study aims to investigate if a genetic predisposition for ASD is associated with 5-WBS traits using polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. PRS for ASD were calculated based on the latest genome-wide association study of ASD by the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium (18,381 cases, 27,969 controls) and were created in the independent cohort UK Biobank. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between ASD PRS and 5-WBS traits in the UK Biobank population including 337,423 individuals. ASD PRS were significantly associated with all 5-WBS traits, showing a positive association with the negative WBS traits, neuroticism (max R2?=?0.04%, p? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children / Patrick DWYER in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1903-1923 Titre : Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Svjetlana VUKUSIC, Auteur ; Clifford D. SARON, Auteur ; Susan M. RIVERA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1903-1923 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Prior studies suggest that habituation of sensory responses is reduced in autism and that diminished habituation could be related to atypical autistic sensory experiences, for example, by causing brain responses to aversive stimuli to remain strong over time instead of being suppressed. While many prior studies exploring habituation in autism have repeatedly presented identical stimuli, other studies suggest group differences can still be observed in habituation to intermittent stimuli. The present study explored habituation of electrophysiological responses to auditory complex tones of varying intensities (50-80?dB SPL), presented passively in an interleaved manner, in a well-characterized sample of 127 autistic (MDQ?=?65.41, SD?=?20.54) and 79 typically developing (MDQ?=?106.02, SD?=?11.50) children between 2 and 5?years old. Habituation was quantified as changes in the amplitudes of single-trial responses to tones of each intensity over the course of the experiment. Habituation of the auditory N2 response was substantially reduced in autistic participants as compared to typically developing controls, although diagnostic groups did not clearly differ in habituation of the P1 response. Interestingly, the P1 habituated less to loud 80?dB sounds than softer sounds, whereas the N2 habituated less to soft 50?dB sounds than louder sounds. No associations were found between electrophysiological habituation and cognitive ability or participants' caregiver-reported sound tolerance (Sensory Profile Hyperacusis Index). The results present study results extend prior research suggesting habituation of certain sensory responses is reduced in autism; however, they also suggest that habituation differences observed using this study's paradigm might not be a primary driver of autistic participants' real-world sound intolerance. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Zachary J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Svjetlana VUKUSIC, Auteur ; Clifford D. SARON, Auteur ; Susan M. RIVERA, Auteur . - p.1903-1923. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1903-1923 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Prior studies suggest that habituation of sensory responses is reduced in autism and that diminished habituation could be related to atypical autistic sensory experiences, for example, by causing brain responses to aversive stimuli to remain strong over time instead of being suppressed. While many prior studies exploring habituation in autism have repeatedly presented identical stimuli, other studies suggest group differences can still be observed in habituation to intermittent stimuli. The present study explored habituation of electrophysiological responses to auditory complex tones of varying intensities (50-80?dB SPL), presented passively in an interleaved manner, in a well-characterized sample of 127 autistic (MDQ?=?65.41, SD?=?20.54) and 79 typically developing (MDQ?=?106.02, SD?=?11.50) children between 2 and 5?years old. Habituation was quantified as changes in the amplitudes of single-trial responses to tones of each intensity over the course of the experiment. Habituation of the auditory N2 response was substantially reduced in autistic participants as compared to typically developing controls, although diagnostic groups did not clearly differ in habituation of the P1 response. Interestingly, the P1 habituated less to loud 80?dB sounds than softer sounds, whereas the N2 habituated less to soft 50?dB sounds than louder sounds. No associations were found between electrophysiological habituation and cognitive ability or participants' caregiver-reported sound tolerance (Sensory Profile Hyperacusis Index). The results present study results extend prior research suggesting habituation of certain sensory responses is reduced in autism; however, they also suggest that habituation differences observed using this study's paradigm might not be a primary driver of autistic participants' real-world sound intolerance. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Comparing vagus nerve stimulation and resective surgery outcomes in patients with co-occurring autism and epilepsy to patients with epilepsy alone: A population-based study / Varun R. SUBRAMANIAM in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1924-1933 Titre : Comparing vagus nerve stimulation and resective surgery outcomes in patients with co-occurring autism and epilepsy to patients with epilepsy alone: A population-based study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Varun R. SUBRAMANIAM, Auteur ; Lan MU, Auteur ; Churl-Su KWON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1924-1933 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism and epilepsy commonly co-occur. Understanding trends in healthcare utilization and in-hospital outcomes amongst patients with autism and epilepsy can help optimize care and reduce costs. We compared hospital outcomes amongst patients with autism and epilepsy to those with epilepsy alone undergoing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and resective/disconnective surgery. Differences in discharge status, in-hospital mortality, mean length of stay (LOS), cost and surgical/medical complications were examined. Elective surgical admissions amongst patients with epilepsy alone and co-occurring autism and epilepsy were identified in the 2003-14 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using previously validated ICD-9-CM case definitions. One patient with co-occurring epilepsy and autism was matched to three epilepsy patients for age, sex and (1) VNS and (2) resective/disconnective surgery. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to examine the outcomes of interest. Data were collected on: (1) VNS-52 (mean age: 12.79?+?1.03; 19.27% female) hospital admissions in persons with comorbid autism and epilepsy, 156 (mean age: 12.84?+?0.71; 19.31% female) matched controls with epilepsy alone; (2) resective/disconnective surgery-113 (mean age: 12.99?+?0.84; 24.55% female) with comorbid autism and epilepsy, 339 (mean age: 13.37?+?0.68; 23.86% female) matched controls with epilepsy alone. Compared to patients with epilepsy alone, patients with autism and epilepsy who underwent either surgery showed no differences for in-hospital mortality, discharge status, mean LOS, hospitalization cost, and surgical/medical complications. Our study shows the feasibility and safety of epilepsy VNS and resective surgery in those with ASD do not differ with those with epilepsy alone, contrary to the prevalent safety concerns of epilepsy surgery in patients with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3020 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Comparing vagus nerve stimulation and resective surgery outcomes in patients with co-occurring autism and epilepsy to patients with epilepsy alone: A population-based study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Varun R. SUBRAMANIAM, Auteur ; Lan MU, Auteur ; Churl-Su KWON, Auteur . - p.1924-1933. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1924-1933 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism and epilepsy commonly co-occur. Understanding trends in healthcare utilization and in-hospital outcomes amongst patients with autism and epilepsy can help optimize care and reduce costs. We compared hospital outcomes amongst patients with autism and epilepsy to those with epilepsy alone undergoing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and resective/disconnective surgery. Differences in discharge status, in-hospital mortality, mean length of stay (LOS), cost and surgical/medical complications were examined. Elective surgical admissions amongst patients with epilepsy alone and co-occurring autism and epilepsy were identified in the 2003-14 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using previously validated ICD-9-CM case definitions. One patient with co-occurring epilepsy and autism was matched to three epilepsy patients for age, sex and (1) VNS and (2) resective/disconnective surgery. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to examine the outcomes of interest. Data were collected on: (1) VNS-52 (mean age: 12.79?+?1.03; 19.27% female) hospital admissions in persons with comorbid autism and epilepsy, 156 (mean age: 12.84?+?0.71; 19.31% female) matched controls with epilepsy alone; (2) resective/disconnective surgery-113 (mean age: 12.99?+?0.84; 24.55% female) with comorbid autism and epilepsy, 339 (mean age: 13.37?+?0.68; 23.86% female) matched controls with epilepsy alone. Compared to patients with epilepsy alone, patients with autism and epilepsy who underwent either surgery showed no differences for in-hospital mortality, discharge status, mean LOS, hospitalization cost, and surgical/medical complications. Our study shows the feasibility and safety of epilepsy VNS and resective surgery in those with ASD do not differ with those with epilepsy alone, contrary to the prevalent safety concerns of epilepsy surgery in patients with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3020 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Disclosing an autism diagnosis: A social identity approach / Katie TOGHER in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1934-1945 Titre : Disclosing an autism diagnosis: A social identity approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie TOGHER, Auteur ; Sarah JAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1934-1945 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic people face a difficult dilemma around whether or not to disclose their diagnosis because autistic people are a stigmatized social group. The central aim of this study was to examine if a social identity approach could be useful in understanding the factors that predict the likelihood of autistic adults disclosing their autism diagnosis in social settings, in the workplace, in educational settings and in the family. The social identity approach predicts that autistic people may cope with this dilemma by using an individualistic strategy to distance themselves from their autistic social identity. Alternatively, they may embrace their autistic social identity and use a collective strategy to resist stigma and advocate for autistic people. We present a survey based cross-sectional study (n?=?175) with autistic adults living in Ireland. Participants completed a series of measures; autism social identification, stigma consciousness, and individualistic and collective strategy use to assess disclosing in the four settings. The overall models in each of the four regressions were significant. Autism social identification positively predicted disclosure in social, workplace and educational settings, while stigma consciousness negatively predicted disclosure in the family and in the workplace. Interestingly, over and above these predictors individualistic strategy use negatively predicted disclosure in each of the four settings, while collective strategy use positively predicted disclosure in social, educational and family settings. Our novel social identity approach was useful for explaining autistic adults' strategies to cope with the complex disclosure dilemma. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2990 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Disclosing an autism diagnosis: A social identity approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie TOGHER, Auteur ; Sarah JAY, Auteur . - p.1934-1945. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1934-1945 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autistic people face a difficult dilemma around whether or not to disclose their diagnosis because autistic people are a stigmatized social group. The central aim of this study was to examine if a social identity approach could be useful in understanding the factors that predict the likelihood of autistic adults disclosing their autism diagnosis in social settings, in the workplace, in educational settings and in the family. The social identity approach predicts that autistic people may cope with this dilemma by using an individualistic strategy to distance themselves from their autistic social identity. Alternatively, they may embrace their autistic social identity and use a collective strategy to resist stigma and advocate for autistic people. We present a survey based cross-sectional study (n?=?175) with autistic adults living in Ireland. Participants completed a series of measures; autism social identification, stigma consciousness, and individualistic and collective strategy use to assess disclosing in the four settings. The overall models in each of the four regressions were significant. Autism social identification positively predicted disclosure in social, workplace and educational settings, while stigma consciousness negatively predicted disclosure in the family and in the workplace. Interestingly, over and above these predictors individualistic strategy use negatively predicted disclosure in each of the four settings, while collective strategy use positively predicted disclosure in social, educational and family settings. Our novel social identity approach was useful for explaining autistic adults' strategies to cope with the complex disclosure dilemma. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2990 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth / Antonia TKALCEC in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1946-1962 Titre : Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Antonia TKALCEC, Auteur ; Maria BIERLEIN, Auteur ; Gudrun SEEGER-SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; Bettina JENNY, Auteur ; Willeke M. MENKS, Auteur ; Lynn V. FELHBAUM, Auteur ; Reka BORBAS, Auteur ; David M. COLE, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Evelyn HERBRECHT, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur ; Ana CUBILLO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1946-1962 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Distinct empathy deficits are often described in patients with conduct disorder (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet their neural underpinnings and the influence of comorbid Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are unclear. This study compares the cognitive (CE) and affective empathy (AE) abilities of youth with CD and ASD, their potential neuroanatomical correlates, and the influence of CU traits on empathy. Adolescents and parents/caregivers completed empathy questionnaires (N?=?148 adolescents, mean age?=?15.16?years) and T1 weighted images were obtained from a subsample (N?=?130). Group differences in empathy and the influence of CU traits were investigated using Bayesian analyses and Voxel-Based Morphometry with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement focusing on regions involved in AE (insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate cortex) and CE processes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus). The ASD group showed lower parent-reported AE and CE scores and lower self-reported CE scores while the CD group showed lower parent-reported CE scores than controls. When accounting for the influence of CU traits no AE deficits in ASD and CE deficits in CD were found, but CE deficits in ASD remained. Across all participants, CU traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in anterior cingulate which extends into the mid cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Thus, although co-occurring CU traits have been linked to global empathy deficits in reports and underlying brain structures, its influence on empathy aspects might be disorder-specific. Investigating the subdimensions of empathy may therefore help to identify disorder-specific empathy deficits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2993 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Antonia TKALCEC, Auteur ; Maria BIERLEIN, Auteur ; Gudrun SEEGER-SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; Bettina JENNY, Auteur ; Willeke M. MENKS, Auteur ; Lynn V. FELHBAUM, Auteur ; Reka BORBAS, Auteur ; David M. COLE, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Evelyn HERBRECHT, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur ; Ana CUBILLO, Auteur . - p.1946-1962. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1946-1962 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Distinct empathy deficits are often described in patients with conduct disorder (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet their neural underpinnings and the influence of comorbid Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are unclear. This study compares the cognitive (CE) and affective empathy (AE) abilities of youth with CD and ASD, their potential neuroanatomical correlates, and the influence of CU traits on empathy. Adolescents and parents/caregivers completed empathy questionnaires (N?=?148 adolescents, mean age?=?15.16?years) and T1 weighted images were obtained from a subsample (N?=?130). Group differences in empathy and the influence of CU traits were investigated using Bayesian analyses and Voxel-Based Morphometry with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement focusing on regions involved in AE (insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate cortex) and CE processes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus). The ASD group showed lower parent-reported AE and CE scores and lower self-reported CE scores while the CD group showed lower parent-reported CE scores than controls. When accounting for the influence of CU traits no AE deficits in ASD and CE deficits in CD were found, but CE deficits in ASD remained. Across all participants, CU traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in anterior cingulate which extends into the mid cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Thus, although co-occurring CU traits have been linked to global empathy deficits in reports and underlying brain structures, its influence on empathy aspects might be disorder-specific. Investigating the subdimensions of empathy may therefore help to identify disorder-specific empathy deficits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2993 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Paisley: Preliminary validation of a novel app-based e-Screener for ASD in children 18-36?months / Makayla G. HONAKER in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1963-1975 Titre : Paisley: Preliminary validation of a novel app-based e-Screener for ASD in children 18-36?months Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Makayla G. HONAKER, Auteur ; Amy S. WEITLAUF, Auteur ; Amy R. SWANSON, Auteur ; Madison HOOPER, Auteur ; Nilanjan SARKAR, Auteur ; Joshua WADE, Auteur ; Zachary E. WARREN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1963-1975 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of an autism e-screener, Paisley, when utilized in a clinical research setting via a tablet application. The Paisley application used a series of play-based activities, all of which incorporated varying aspects of the ASD-PEDS. Participants included children (18-36?months; n?=?198) referred for evaluation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and community providers (n?=?66) with differing levels of familiarity with ASD. Community providers administered the Paisley application to children who then completed a comprehensive psychological evaluation. Based on comprehensive evaluation, 75% of children met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Paisley scores were significantly higher for children diagnosed with ASD (15.06) versus those not diagnosed (9.34). The newly determined cutoff ASD-PEDS cutoff score of 13 had significantly higher specificity and positive predictive value than the originally proposed cutoff of 11. Results support the use of Paisley by community providers to identify autism risk in toddlers. Limitations and strengths of the work, as well as opportunities for future clinical validation, are described. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2997 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Paisley: Preliminary validation of a novel app-based e-Screener for ASD in children 18-36?months [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Makayla G. HONAKER, Auteur ; Amy S. WEITLAUF, Auteur ; Amy R. SWANSON, Auteur ; Madison HOOPER, Auteur ; Nilanjan SARKAR, Auteur ; Joshua WADE, Auteur ; Zachary E. WARREN, Auteur . - p.1963-1975. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1963-1975 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of an autism e-screener, Paisley, when utilized in a clinical research setting via a tablet application. The Paisley application used a series of play-based activities, all of which incorporated varying aspects of the ASD-PEDS. Participants included children (18-36?months; n?=?198) referred for evaluation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and community providers (n?=?66) with differing levels of familiarity with ASD. Community providers administered the Paisley application to children who then completed a comprehensive psychological evaluation. Based on comprehensive evaluation, 75% of children met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Paisley scores were significantly higher for children diagnosed with ASD (15.06) versus those not diagnosed (9.34). The newly determined cutoff ASD-PEDS cutoff score of 13 had significantly higher specificity and positive predictive value than the originally proposed cutoff of 11. Results support the use of Paisley by community providers to identify autism risk in toddlers. Limitations and strengths of the work, as well as opportunities for future clinical validation, are described. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2997 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Improving parents' ability to advocate for services for youth with autism: A randomized clinical trial / Julie Lounds TAYLOR in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1976-1988 Titre : Improving parents' ability to advocate for services for youth with autism: A randomized clinical trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julie Lounds TAYLOR, Auteur ; Leann Smith DAWALT, Auteur ; Meghan M. BURKE, Auteur ; James C. SLAUGHTER, Auteur ; Meng XU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1976-1988 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Youth with autism face challenges accessing services as they transition to adulthood. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services on behalf of their youth may be an effective way to improve service access and ultimately transition outcomes in this group. In this study, we tested whether participating in an advocacy intervention improved parents' ability to advocate for services for their transition-aged youth with autism. One hundred and eighty-five parents of youth with autism ages 16-26, recruited across three states in the U.S., were randomized to one of two experimental conditions. The treatment condition received the ASSIST program, a 12-week (24-h) group-based intervention. The control condition received the same written materials as the treatment condition. Primary outcomes for this report-parent advocacy ability-were collected at baseline (prior to randomization) and post-test (immediately after the treatment group finished the 12-week program) by survey. After taking ASSIST, the treatment condition had greater gains than controls in knowledge of adult services (B?=??1.62, CI?=??2.33 to ?0.90) and perceived advocacy skills (B?=??0.19, CI?=??0.33 to ?0.04). Participants who had less knowledge, lower perceived advocacy skills, and less active coping styles at baseline had the greatest treatment gains. Findings suggest that ASSIST is effective in improving parent advocacy ability and may be most beneficial for parents who experience greater challenges advocating for their son/daughter with autism. Future research will examine whether gains in parent advocacy ability leads to improvements in service access and post-school outcomes for transition-age youth with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Improving parents' ability to advocate for services for youth with autism: A randomized clinical trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julie Lounds TAYLOR, Auteur ; Leann Smith DAWALT, Auteur ; Meghan M. BURKE, Auteur ; James C. SLAUGHTER, Auteur ; Meng XU, Auteur . - p.1976-1988. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1976-1988 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Youth with autism face challenges accessing services as they transition to adulthood. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services on behalf of their youth may be an effective way to improve service access and ultimately transition outcomes in this group. In this study, we tested whether participating in an advocacy intervention improved parents' ability to advocate for services for their transition-aged youth with autism. One hundred and eighty-five parents of youth with autism ages 16-26, recruited across three states in the U.S., were randomized to one of two experimental conditions. The treatment condition received the ASSIST program, a 12-week (24-h) group-based intervention. The control condition received the same written materials as the treatment condition. Primary outcomes for this report-parent advocacy ability-were collected at baseline (prior to randomization) and post-test (immediately after the treatment group finished the 12-week program) by survey. After taking ASSIST, the treatment condition had greater gains than controls in knowledge of adult services (B?=??1.62, CI?=??2.33 to ?0.90) and perceived advocacy skills (B?=??0.19, CI?=??0.33 to ?0.04). Participants who had less knowledge, lower perceived advocacy skills, and less active coping styles at baseline had the greatest treatment gains. Findings suggest that ASSIST is effective in improving parent advocacy ability and may be most beneficial for parents who experience greater challenges advocating for their son/daughter with autism. Future research will examine whether gains in parent advocacy ability leads to improvements in service access and post-school outcomes for transition-age youth with autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Organizational benefits of neurodiversity: Preliminary findings on autism and the bystander effect / Lorne M. HARTMAN in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1989-2001 Titre : Organizational benefits of neurodiversity: Preliminary findings on autism and the bystander effect Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lorne M. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Mehrdad FARAHANI, Auteur ; Alexander MOORE, Auteur ; Ateeya MANZOOR, Auteur ; Braxton L. HARTMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1989-2001 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although the bystander effect is one of the most important findings in the psychological literature, researchers have not explored whether autistic individuals are prone to the bystander effect. The present research examines whether autistic employees are more likely to report issues or concerns in an organization's systems and practices that are inefficient or dysfunctional. By bringing attention to these issues, autistic employees may foster opportunities to improve organizational performance, leading to the development of a more adaptive, high performing, and ethical culture. Thirty-three autistic employees and 34 nonautistic employees completed an online survey to determine whether employees on the autism spectrum (1) are more likely to report they would voice concerns about organizational dysfunctions, (2) are less likely to report they were influenced by the number of other witnesses to the dysfunction, (3) if they do not voice concerns, are more likely to acknowledge the influence of other people on the decision, (4) are less likely to formulate "elaborate rationales" for their decisions to intervene or not, and (5) whether any differences between autistic and nonautistic employees with regards to the first two hypotheses, intervention likelihood and degree of influence, are moderated by individual differences in camouflaging. Results indicate that autistic employees may be less susceptible to the bystander effect than nonautistic employees. As a result, autistic employees may contribute to improvements in organizational performance because they are more likely to identify and report inefficient processes and dysfunctional practices when they witness them. These preliminary findings suggesting potential benefits of neurodiversity in the workplace are promising. However, further research is required. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Organizational benefits of neurodiversity: Preliminary findings on autism and the bystander effect [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lorne M. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Mehrdad FARAHANI, Auteur ; Alexander MOORE, Auteur ; Ateeya MANZOOR, Auteur ; Braxton L. HARTMAN, Auteur . - p.1989-2001. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1989-2001 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although the bystander effect is one of the most important findings in the psychological literature, researchers have not explored whether autistic individuals are prone to the bystander effect. The present research examines whether autistic employees are more likely to report issues or concerns in an organization's systems and practices that are inefficient or dysfunctional. By bringing attention to these issues, autistic employees may foster opportunities to improve organizational performance, leading to the development of a more adaptive, high performing, and ethical culture. Thirty-three autistic employees and 34 nonautistic employees completed an online survey to determine whether employees on the autism spectrum (1) are more likely to report they would voice concerns about organizational dysfunctions, (2) are less likely to report they were influenced by the number of other witnesses to the dysfunction, (3) if they do not voice concerns, are more likely to acknowledge the influence of other people on the decision, (4) are less likely to formulate "elaborate rationales" for their decisions to intervene or not, and (5) whether any differences between autistic and nonautistic employees with regards to the first two hypotheses, intervention likelihood and degree of influence, are moderated by individual differences in camouflaging. Results indicate that autistic employees may be less susceptible to the bystander effect than nonautistic employees. As a result, autistic employees may contribute to improvements in organizational performance because they are more likely to identify and report inefficient processes and dysfunctional practices when they witness them. These preliminary findings suggesting potential benefits of neurodiversity in the workplace are promising. However, further research is required. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Greater interpersonal distance in adults with autism / Martina FUSARO in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2002-2007 Titre : Greater interpersonal distance in adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martina FUSARO, Auteur ; Valentina FANTI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2002-2007 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Social interactions are often shaped by the space we prefer to maintain between us and others, that is, interpersonal distance. Being too distant or too close to a stranger can often be perceived as odd, and lead to atypical social interactions. This calibration of appropriate interpersonal distance thus constitutes an important social skill. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, hereafter autism) often experience difficulties with this skill, and anecdotal accounts suggest atypical interpersonal distances in their social interactions. In the current study, we systematically measured interpersonal distance in individuals with autism using immersive virtual reality (IVR) to recreate a naturalistic interaction with a full body avatar of a similar age. Participants observed their own virtual body in first-person perspective, and the other avatar in two tasks: in the first task, they approached the other avatar (active), in the second one they were approached by the other avatar (passive). Two groups of neurotypical and autistic adults, performed both tasks. Autistic adults showed greater interpersonal distance when compared to non-autistic adults. Additionally, the difference between the passive and active conditions was smaller for non-autistic compared to autistic adults. Across the full sample, greater interpersonal distance was associated with higher autism-related traits. This study provides systematic evidence for greater interpersonal distance in autistic adults using a paradigm with high ecological validity and can be useful in informing the design of appropriate environmental adjustments for shared spaces. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Greater interpersonal distance in adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martina FUSARO, Auteur ; Valentina FANTI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.2002-2007. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2002-2007 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Social interactions are often shaped by the space we prefer to maintain between us and others, that is, interpersonal distance. Being too distant or too close to a stranger can often be perceived as odd, and lead to atypical social interactions. This calibration of appropriate interpersonal distance thus constitutes an important social skill. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, hereafter autism) often experience difficulties with this skill, and anecdotal accounts suggest atypical interpersonal distances in their social interactions. In the current study, we systematically measured interpersonal distance in individuals with autism using immersive virtual reality (IVR) to recreate a naturalistic interaction with a full body avatar of a similar age. Participants observed their own virtual body in first-person perspective, and the other avatar in two tasks: in the first task, they approached the other avatar (active), in the second one they were approached by the other avatar (passive). Two groups of neurotypical and autistic adults, performed both tasks. Autistic adults showed greater interpersonal distance when compared to non-autistic adults. Additionally, the difference between the passive and active conditions was smaller for non-autistic compared to autistic adults. Across the full sample, greater interpersonal distance was associated with higher autism-related traits. This study provides systematic evidence for greater interpersonal distance in autistic adults using a paradigm with high ecological validity and can be useful in informing the design of appropriate environmental adjustments for shared spaces. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Ophthalmologic diagnoses in youths with autism spectrum disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates / Chi-Shin WU in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2008-2020 Titre : Ophthalmologic diagnoses in youths with autism spectrum disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chi-Shin WU, Auteur ; Tzu-Hsun TSAI, Auteur ; Wei-Li CHEN, Auteur ; Hui-Ju TSAI, Auteur ; Yi-Ling CHIEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2008-2020 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a high prevalence of visual dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus, as well as their clinical correlates in ASD. This population-based matched-cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 3,551 youths with ASD and 35,510 non-autistic control participants matched by age and sex were included. All the participants were followed-up until they were 18?years old. The prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus was compared between the ASD and control groups. Effect modifiers, including sex, ASD subgroup, and co-diagnosis of intelligence disability, were examined. Compared to the control group, youths with ASD had a significantly increased risk of amblyopia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]?=?1.75), anisometropia (aOR?=?1.66), astigmatism (aOR?=?1.51), hypermetropia (aOR?=?2.08), exotropia (aOR?=?2.86), and esotropia (aOR?=?2.63), but a comparable likelihood of myopia according to age. Males with ASD had a significantly lower likelihood of exotropia, but a higher likelihood of myopia than females with ASD. The autism subgroup had a higher OR for hypermetropia, but a lower OR for myopia than the other ASD subgroups. ASD youths with intelligence disabilities demonstrated significantly higher ORs for amblyopia, hypermetropia, and all types of strabismus and lower OR for myopia than those without intelligence disabilities. In conclusion, the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus were higher in youths with ASD. Ocular abnormalities in youths with ASD require a comprehensive assessment and management. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3019 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Ophthalmologic diagnoses in youths with autism spectrum disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chi-Shin WU, Auteur ; Tzu-Hsun TSAI, Auteur ; Wei-Li CHEN, Auteur ; Hui-Ju TSAI, Auteur ; Yi-Ling CHIEN, Auteur . - p.2008-2020. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2008-2020 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a high prevalence of visual dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus, as well as their clinical correlates in ASD. This population-based matched-cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 3,551 youths with ASD and 35,510 non-autistic control participants matched by age and sex were included. All the participants were followed-up until they were 18?years old. The prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus was compared between the ASD and control groups. Effect modifiers, including sex, ASD subgroup, and co-diagnosis of intelligence disability, were examined. Compared to the control group, youths with ASD had a significantly increased risk of amblyopia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]?=?1.75), anisometropia (aOR?=?1.66), astigmatism (aOR?=?1.51), hypermetropia (aOR?=?2.08), exotropia (aOR?=?2.86), and esotropia (aOR?=?2.63), but a comparable likelihood of myopia according to age. Males with ASD had a significantly lower likelihood of exotropia, but a higher likelihood of myopia than females with ASD. The autism subgroup had a higher OR for hypermetropia, but a lower OR for myopia than the other ASD subgroups. ASD youths with intelligence disabilities demonstrated significantly higher ORs for amblyopia, hypermetropia, and all types of strabismus and lower OR for myopia than those without intelligence disabilities. In conclusion, the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus were higher in youths with ASD. Ocular abnormalities in youths with ASD require a comprehensive assessment and management. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3019 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Results from two randomized phase III studies / Joaquin FUENTES in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2021-2034 Titre : Bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Results from two randomized phase III studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joaquin FUENTES, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur ; Christina GEORGOULA, Auteur ; Guiomar OLIVEIRA, Auteur ; Stéphane MARRET, Auteur ; Véronique CRUTEL, Auteur ; Cristina ALBARRAN, Auteur ; Estelle LAMBERT, Auteur ; Pierre-François PÉNÉLAUD, Auteur ; Denis RAVEL, Auteur ; Yehezkel BEN ARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2021-2034 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The efficacy and safety of bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents was evaluated in two international, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials; one enrolled patients aged 7-17?years (SIGN 1 trial) and the other enrolled younger patients aged 2-6?years (SIGN 2). In both studies, patients were randomized to receive bumetanide oral solution twice daily (BID) or placebo BID during a 6-month double-blind treatment period. The primary endpoint was change in Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS2) total raw score from baseline to Week 26. Key secondary endpoints included changes in Social Responsiveness Scale-2, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Each study enrolled 211 patients (bumetanide, n?=?107; placebo, n?=?104). Both studies were terminated early due to absence of any significant difference between bumetanide and placebo in the overall studied populations. In both studies, CARS2 total raw score decreased from baseline to Week 26 in the bumetanide and placebo groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups. No differences were observed between treatment groups for any of the secondary efficacy endpoints in either study. In both studies, treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred more frequently with bumetanide than placebo included thirst, polyuria, hypokalemia, and dry mouth. These large phase III trials failed to demonstrate a benefit of bumetanide for the treatment of pediatric ASD compared with placebo. Consequently, the sponsor has discontinued the development of bumetanide for the treatment of this condition. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov: SIGN 1: NCT03715166; SIGN 2: NCT03715153. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Results from two randomized phase III studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joaquin FUENTES, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur ; Christina GEORGOULA, Auteur ; Guiomar OLIVEIRA, Auteur ; Stéphane MARRET, Auteur ; Véronique CRUTEL, Auteur ; Cristina ALBARRAN, Auteur ; Estelle LAMBERT, Auteur ; Pierre-François PÉNÉLAUD, Auteur ; Denis RAVEL, Auteur ; Yehezkel BEN ARI, Auteur . - p.2021-2034. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2021-2034 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The efficacy and safety of bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents was evaluated in two international, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials; one enrolled patients aged 7-17?years (SIGN 1 trial) and the other enrolled younger patients aged 2-6?years (SIGN 2). In both studies, patients were randomized to receive bumetanide oral solution twice daily (BID) or placebo BID during a 6-month double-blind treatment period. The primary endpoint was change in Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 (CARS2) total raw score from baseline to Week 26. Key secondary endpoints included changes in Social Responsiveness Scale-2, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Each study enrolled 211 patients (bumetanide, n?=?107; placebo, n?=?104). Both studies were terminated early due to absence of any significant difference between bumetanide and placebo in the overall studied populations. In both studies, CARS2 total raw score decreased from baseline to Week 26 in the bumetanide and placebo groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups. No differences were observed between treatment groups for any of the secondary efficacy endpoints in either study. In both studies, treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred more frequently with bumetanide than placebo included thirst, polyuria, hypokalemia, and dry mouth. These large phase III trials failed to demonstrate a benefit of bumetanide for the treatment of pediatric ASD compared with placebo. Consequently, the sponsor has discontinued the development of bumetanide for the treatment of this condition. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov: SIGN 1: NCT03715166; SIGN 2: NCT03715153. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

High definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the Cz improves social dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, sham, controlled study / Yonglu WANG in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2035-2048 Titre : High definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the Cz improves social dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, sham, controlled study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yonglu WANG, Auteur ; Fei WANG, Auteur ; Yue KONG, Auteur ; Tianshu GAO, Auteur ; Qingyao ZHU, Auteur ; Lu HAN, Auteur ; Bei SUN, Auteur ; Luyang GUAN, Auteur ; Ziyi ZHANG, Auteur ; Yuxin QIAN, Auteur ; Lingxi XU, Auteur ; Yun LI, Auteur ; Hui FANG, Auteur ; Gongkai JIAO, Auteur ; Xiaoyan KE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2035-2048 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Cz of high-definition 5-channel tDCS (HD-tDCS) on social function in 4-12 years-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was a randomized, double-blind, pseudo-controlled trial in which 45 ASD children were recruited and divided into three groups with sex, age, and rehabilitation treatment as control variables. Each group of 15 children with ASD was randomly administered active HD-tDCS with the Cz as the central anode, active HD-tDCS with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) as the central anode, and sham HD-tDCS with the Cz as the central anode with 14 daily sessions in 3?weeks. The Social Responsiveness Scale Chinese Version (SRS-Chinese Version) was compared 1?week after stimulation with values recorded 1?week prior to stimulation. At the end of treatment, both the anodal Cz and anodal left DLFPC tDCS decreased the measures of SRS-Chinese Version. The total score of SRS-Chinese Version decreased by 13.08%, social cognition decreased by 18.33%, and social communication decreased by 10.79%, which were significantly improved over the Cz central anode active stimulation group, especially in children with young age, and middle and low function. There was no significant change in the total score and subscale score of SRS-Chinese Version over the Cz central anode sham stimulation group. In the F3 central anode active stimulation group, the total score of SRS-Chinese Version decreased by 13%, autistic behavior decreased by 19.39%, and social communication decreased by 14.39%, which were all significantly improved. However, there was no significant difference in effect between the Cz and left DLPFC stimulation conditions. HD-tDCS of the Cz central anode may be an effective treatment for social dysfunction in children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3018 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] High definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the Cz improves social dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, sham, controlled study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yonglu WANG, Auteur ; Fei WANG, Auteur ; Yue KONG, Auteur ; Tianshu GAO, Auteur ; Qingyao ZHU, Auteur ; Lu HAN, Auteur ; Bei SUN, Auteur ; Luyang GUAN, Auteur ; Ziyi ZHANG, Auteur ; Yuxin QIAN, Auteur ; Lingxi XU, Auteur ; Yun LI, Auteur ; Hui FANG, Auteur ; Gongkai JIAO, Auteur ; Xiaoyan KE, Auteur . - p.2035-2048. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.2035-2048 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Cz of high-definition 5-channel tDCS (HD-tDCS) on social function in 4-12 years-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was a randomized, double-blind, pseudo-controlled trial in which 45 ASD children were recruited and divided into three groups with sex, age, and rehabilitation treatment as control variables. Each group of 15 children with ASD was randomly administered active HD-tDCS with the Cz as the central anode, active HD-tDCS with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) as the central anode, and sham HD-tDCS with the Cz as the central anode with 14 daily sessions in 3?weeks. The Social Responsiveness Scale Chinese Version (SRS-Chinese Version) was compared 1?week after stimulation with values recorded 1?week prior to stimulation. At the end of treatment, both the anodal Cz and anodal left DLFPC tDCS decreased the measures of SRS-Chinese Version. The total score of SRS-Chinese Version decreased by 13.08%, social cognition decreased by 18.33%, and social communication decreased by 10.79%, which were significantly improved over the Cz central anode active stimulation group, especially in children with young age, and middle and low function. There was no significant change in the total score and subscale score of SRS-Chinese Version over the Cz central anode sham stimulation group. In the F3 central anode active stimulation group, the total score of SRS-Chinese Version decreased by 13%, autistic behavior decreased by 19.39%, and social communication decreased by 14.39%, which were all significantly improved. However, there was no significant difference in effect between the Cz and left DLPFC stimulation conditions. HD-tDCS of the Cz central anode may be an effective treatment for social dysfunction in children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3018 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513