Attention bias and anxiety in young children exposed to family violence / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-11 (November 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-11 (November 2015) . - p.1194-1201 Titre : Attention bias and anxiety in young children exposed to family violence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Nicholas D. MIAN, Auteur ; Elvira ZOBEL, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1194-1201 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention bias  violence  harsh parenting  early childhood  anxiety  fear Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention bias toward threat is associated with anxiety in older youth and adults and has been linked with violence exposure. Attention bias may moderate the relationship between violence exposure and anxiety in young children. Capitalizing on measurement advances, this study examines these relationships at a younger age than previously possible. Methods Young children (mean age 4.7, ±0.8) from a cross-sectional sample oversampled for violence exposure (N = 218) completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases. Observed fear/anxiety was characterized with a novel observational paradigm, the Anxiety Dimensional Observation Scale. Mother-reported symptoms were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children. Violence exposure was characterized with dimensional scores reflecting probability of membership in two classes derived via latent class analysis from the Conflict Tactics Scales: Abuse and Harsh Parenting. Results Family violence predicted greater child anxiety and trauma symptoms. Attention bias moderated the relationship between violence and anxiety. Conclusions Attention bias toward threat may strengthen the effects of family violence on the development of anxiety, with potentially cascading effects across childhood. Such associations may be most readily detected when using observational measures of childhood anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12397 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Attention bias and anxiety in young children exposed to family violence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Nicholas D. MIAN, Auteur ; Elvira ZOBEL, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur . - p.1194-1201. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-11 (November 2015) . - p.1194-1201 Mots-clés : Attention bias  violence  harsh parenting  early childhood  anxiety  fear Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention bias toward threat is associated with anxiety in older youth and adults and has been linked with violence exposure. Attention bias may moderate the relationship between violence exposure and anxiety in young children. Capitalizing on measurement advances, this study examines these relationships at a younger age than previously possible. Methods Young children (mean age 4.7, ±0.8) from a cross-sectional sample oversampled for violence exposure (N = 218) completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases. Observed fear/anxiety was characterized with a novel observational paradigm, the Anxiety Dimensional Observation Scale. Mother-reported symptoms were assessed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children. Violence exposure was characterized with dimensional scores reflecting probability of membership in two classes derived via latent class analysis from the Conflict Tactics Scales: Abuse and Harsh Parenting. Results Family violence predicted greater child anxiety and trauma symptoms. Attention bias moderated the relationship between violence and anxiety. Conclusions Attention bias toward threat may strengthen the effects of family violence on the development of anxiety, with potentially cascading effects across childhood. Such associations may be most readily detected when using observational measures of childhood anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12397 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1083-1091 Titre : Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1083-1091 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention bias  stress  violence  anxiety  posttraumatic stress  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Threat-related attention bias relates to anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adults and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies examine such associations in young children. This study examines prospective relations among attention bias, trauma exposure, and anxiety and trauma symptoms in a sample previously reported to manifest cross-sectional associations between attention bias and observed anxiety at preschool age. Methods Young children [mean (MN) = 5.0, ±0.7 years, n = 208] from a community-based sample completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases in response to angry faces. At baseline (T1) and at follow-up approximately 9 months later (T2), anxiety and trauma exposure (i.e. violent and noninterpersonal events) and symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Results Neither attention bias nor baseline or recent trauma exposure predicted later anxiety. In contrast, attention bias toward threat and recent trauma exposure significantly predicted later trauma symptoms. There was evidence of symptom specificity such that attention bias toward threat significantly predicted hyperarousal and dissociation, but not avoidance or re-experiencing symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between attention bias and trauma symptoms may differ according to children's experiences of probable abuse. Conclusions Attention profiles and trauma exposure may increase the risk that young children will develop trauma symptoms. Individual differences in these attentional patterns and children's exposure history may impact outcomes among high-risk children with potential implications for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur . - p.1083-1091. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1083-1091 Mots-clés : Attention bias  stress  violence  anxiety  posttraumatic stress  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Threat-related attention bias relates to anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adults and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies examine such associations in young children. This study examines prospective relations among attention bias, trauma exposure, and anxiety and trauma symptoms in a sample previously reported to manifest cross-sectional associations between attention bias and observed anxiety at preschool age. Methods Young children [mean (MN) = 5.0, ±0.7 years, n = 208] from a community-based sample completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases in response to angry faces. At baseline (T1) and at follow-up approximately 9 months later (T2), anxiety and trauma exposure (i.e. violent and noninterpersonal events) and symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Results Neither attention bias nor baseline or recent trauma exposure predicted later anxiety. In contrast, attention bias toward threat and recent trauma exposure significantly predicted later trauma symptoms. There was evidence of symptom specificity such that attention bias toward threat significantly predicted hyperarousal and dissociation, but not avoidance or re-experiencing symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between attention bias and trauma symptoms may differ according to children's experiences of probable abuse. Conclusions Attention profiles and trauma exposure may increase the risk that young children will develop trauma symptoms. Individual differences in these attentional patterns and children's exposure history may impact outcomes among high-risk children with potential implications for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Punishment insensitivity and impaired reinforcement learning in preschoolers / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-2 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-2 (February 2014) . - p.154-161 Titre : Punishment insensitivity and impaired reinforcement learning in preschoolers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Sara R. NICHOLS, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Elvira ZOBEL, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; James R. BLAIR, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.154-161 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathic tendencies  reinforcement learning  punishment insensitivity  low concern  early childhood  disruptive behavior  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Youth and adults with psychopathic traits display disrupted reinforcement learning. Advances in measurement now enable examination of this association in preschoolers. The current study examines relations between reinforcement learning in preschoolers and parent ratings of reduced responsiveness to socialization, conceptualized as a developmental vulnerability to psychopathic traits. Methods One hundred and fifty-seven preschoolers (mean age 4.7 ± 0.8 years) participated in a substudy that was embedded within a larger project. Children completed the ‘Stars-in-Jars’ task, which involved learning to select rewarded jars and avoid punished jars. Maternal report of responsiveness to socialization was assessed with the Punishment Insensitivity and Low Concern for Others scales of the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior (MAP-DB). Results Punishment Insensitivity, but not Low Concern for Others, was significantly associated with reinforcement learning in multivariate models that accounted for age and sex. Specifically, higher Punishment Insensitivity was associated with significantly lower overall performance and more errors on punished trials (‘passive avoidance’). Conclusions Impairments in reinforcement learning manifest in preschoolers who are high in maternal ratings of Punishment Insensitivity. If replicated, these findings may help to pinpoint the neurodevelopmental antecedents of psychopathic tendencies and suggest novel intervention targets beginning in early childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12132 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Punishment insensitivity and impaired reinforcement learning in preschoolers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Sara R. NICHOLS, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Elvira ZOBEL, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; James R. BLAIR, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur . - p.154-161. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-2 (February 2014) . - p.154-161 Mots-clés : Psychopathic tendencies  reinforcement learning  punishment insensitivity  low concern  early childhood  disruptive behavior  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Youth and adults with psychopathic traits display disrupted reinforcement learning. Advances in measurement now enable examination of this association in preschoolers. The current study examines relations between reinforcement learning in preschoolers and parent ratings of reduced responsiveness to socialization, conceptualized as a developmental vulnerability to psychopathic traits. Methods One hundred and fifty-seven preschoolers (mean age 4.7 ± 0.8 years) participated in a substudy that was embedded within a larger project. Children completed the ‘Stars-in-Jars’ task, which involved learning to select rewarded jars and avoid punished jars. Maternal report of responsiveness to socialization was assessed with the Punishment Insensitivity and Low Concern for Others scales of the Multidimensional Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior (MAP-DB). Results Punishment Insensitivity, but not Low Concern for Others, was significantly associated with reinforcement learning in multivariate models that accounted for age and sex. Specifically, higher Punishment Insensitivity was associated with significantly lower overall performance and more errors on punished trials (‘passive avoidance’). Conclusions Impairments in reinforcement learning manifest in preschoolers who are high in maternal ratings of Punishment Insensitivity. If replicated, these findings may help to pinpoint the neurodevelopmental antecedents of psychopathic tendencies and suggest novel intervention targets beginning in early childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12132 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

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