Dépouillements

Editorial: Bayesian benefits for child psychology and psychiatry researchers / Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.985-987 Titre : Editorial: Bayesian benefits for child psychology and psychiatry researchers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.985-987 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Statistical methods  probability  Bayesian analysis  hypothesis testing  statistical data interpretation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : For many scientists, performing statistical tests has become an almost automated routine. However, p-values are frequently used and interpreted incorrectly; and even when used appropriately, p-values tend to provide answers that do not match researchers' questions and hypotheses well. Bayesian statistics present an elegant and often more suitable alternative. The Bayesian approach has rarely been applied in child psychology and psychiatry research so far, but the development of user-friendly software packages and tutorials has placed it well within reach now. Because Bayesian analyses require a more refined definition of hypothesized probabilities of possible outcomes than the classical approach, going Bayesian may offer the additional benefit of sparkling the development and refinement of theoretical models in our field. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12619 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Editorial: Bayesian benefits for child psychology and psychiatry researchers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur . - p.985-987. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.985-987 Mots-clés : Statistical methods  probability  Bayesian analysis  hypothesis testing  statistical data interpretation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : For many scientists, performing statistical tests has become an almost automated routine. However, p-values are frequently used and interpreted incorrectly; and even when used appropriately, p-values tend to provide answers that do not match researchers' questions and hypotheses well. Bayesian statistics present an elegant and often more suitable alternative. The Bayesian approach has rarely been applied in child psychology and psychiatry research so far, but the development of user-friendly software packages and tutorials has placed it well within reach now. Because Bayesian analyses require a more refined definition of hypothesized probabilities of possible outcomes than the classical approach, going Bayesian may offer the additional benefit of sparkling the development and refinement of theoretical models in our field. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12619 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Practitioner Review: Treatments for Tourette syndrome in children and young people – a systematic review / Craig WHITTINGTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.988-1004 Titre : Practitioner Review: Treatments for Tourette syndrome in children and young people – a systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Craig WHITTINGTON, Auteur ; Mary PENNANT, Auteur ; Tim KENDALL, Auteur ; Cristine GLAZEBROOK, Auteur ; Penny TRAYNER, Auteur ; Madeleine GROOM, Auteur ; Tammy HEDDERLY, Auteur ; Isobel HEYMAN, Auteur ; Georgina JACKSON, Auteur ; Stephen JACKSON, Auteur ; Tara MURPHY, Auteur ; Hugh RICKARDS, Auteur ; Mary ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Jeremy STERN, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.988-1004 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Paediatrics  Tourette syndrome  therapy  tics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) affect 1–2% of children and young people, but the most effective treatment is unclear. To establish the current evidence base, we conducted a systematic review of interventions for children and young people. Methods Databases were searched from inception to 1 October 2014 for placebo-controlled trials of pharmacological, behavioural, physical or alternative interventions for tics in children and young people with TS or CTD. Certainty in the evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. Results Forty trials were included [pharmacological (32), behavioural (5), physical (2), dietary (1)]. For tics/global score there was evidence favouring the intervention from four trials of ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists [clonidine and guanfacine, standardised mean difference (SMD) = ?0.71; 95% CI ?1.03, ?0.40; N = 164] and two trials of habit reversal training (HRT)/comprehensive behavioural intervention (CBIT) (SMD = ?0.64; 95% CI ?0.99, ?0.29; N = 133). Certainty in the effect estimates was moderate. A post hoc analysis combining oral clonidine/guanfacine trials with a clonidine patch trial continued to demonstrate benefit (SMD = ?0.54; 95% CI ?0.92, ?0.16), but statistical heterogeneity was high. Evidence from four trials suggested that antipsychotic drugs improved tic scores (SMD = ?0.74; 95% CI ?1.08, ?0.40; N = 76), but certainty in the effect estimate was low. The evidence for other interventions was categorised as low or very low quality, or showed no conclusive benefit. Conclusions When medication is considered appropriate for the treatment of tics, the balance of clinical benefits to harm favours ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine and guanfacine) as first-line agents. Antipsychotics are likely to be useful but carry the risk of harm and so should be reserved for when ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists are either ineffective or poorly tolerated. There is evidence that HRT/CBIT is effective, but there is no evidence for HRT/CBIT alone relative to combining medication and HRT/CBIT. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the physical and dietary interventions reviewed are sufficiently effective and safe to be considered as treatments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12556 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Practitioner Review: Treatments for Tourette syndrome in children and young people – a systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Craig WHITTINGTON, Auteur ; Mary PENNANT, Auteur ; Tim KENDALL, Auteur ; Cristine GLAZEBROOK, Auteur ; Penny TRAYNER, Auteur ; Madeleine GROOM, Auteur ; Tammy HEDDERLY, Auteur ; Isobel HEYMAN, Auteur ; Georgina JACKSON, Auteur ; Stephen JACKSON, Auteur ; Tara MURPHY, Auteur ; Hugh RICKARDS, Auteur ; Mary ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Jeremy STERN, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur . - p.988-1004. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.988-1004 Mots-clés : Paediatrics  Tourette syndrome  therapy  tics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) affect 1–2% of children and young people, but the most effective treatment is unclear. To establish the current evidence base, we conducted a systematic review of interventions for children and young people. Methods Databases were searched from inception to 1 October 2014 for placebo-controlled trials of pharmacological, behavioural, physical or alternative interventions for tics in children and young people with TS or CTD. Certainty in the evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. Results Forty trials were included [pharmacological (32), behavioural (5), physical (2), dietary (1)]. For tics/global score there was evidence favouring the intervention from four trials of ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists [clonidine and guanfacine, standardised mean difference (SMD) = ?0.71; 95% CI ?1.03, ?0.40; N = 164] and two trials of habit reversal training (HRT)/comprehensive behavioural intervention (CBIT) (SMD = ?0.64; 95% CI ?0.99, ?0.29; N = 133). Certainty in the effect estimates was moderate. A post hoc analysis combining oral clonidine/guanfacine trials with a clonidine patch trial continued to demonstrate benefit (SMD = ?0.54; 95% CI ?0.92, ?0.16), but statistical heterogeneity was high. Evidence from four trials suggested that antipsychotic drugs improved tic scores (SMD = ?0.74; 95% CI ?1.08, ?0.40; N = 76), but certainty in the effect estimate was low. The evidence for other interventions was categorised as low or very low quality, or showed no conclusive benefit. Conclusions When medication is considered appropriate for the treatment of tics, the balance of clinical benefits to harm favours ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine and guanfacine) as first-line agents. Antipsychotics are likely to be useful but carry the risk of harm and so should be reserved for when ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists are either ineffective or poorly tolerated. There is evidence that HRT/CBIT is effective, but there is no evidence for HRT/CBIT alone relative to combining medication and HRT/CBIT. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the physical and dietary interventions reviewed are sufficiently effective and safe to be considered as treatments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12556 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Commentary: Are alpha-2 agonist really effective in children with tics with comorbid ADHD? A commentary on Whittington et al. (2016) / Michael H. BLOCH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1005-1007 Titre : Commentary: Are alpha-2 agonist really effective in children with tics with comorbid ADHD? A commentary on Whittington et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael H. BLOCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1005-1007 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : tics  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  clonidine  guanfacine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this issue, Whittington et al. (2016) present a systematic review that reports the efficacy of three primary treatments for children with Tourette syndrome (TS) – (a) ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists; (b) antipsychotic medications; and (c) habit reversal training/comprehensive behavioral intervention. In this commentary, we highlight the large degree of heterogeneity observed in the meta-analysis of trials involving alpha-2 agonist medications and present possible explanations for the observed heterogeneity. Among these possible explanations is the possibility that presence of comorbid ADHD may moderate the efficacy of alpha-2 agonists in the treatment of tic disorder with the medications being more effective in patients with both conditions. The commentary reviews the evidence supporting this possible moderating effect of ADHD and discusses the implications for such a relationship. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12592 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Commentary: Are alpha-2 agonist really effective in children with tics with comorbid ADHD? A commentary on Whittington et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael H. BLOCH, Auteur . - p.1005-1007. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1005-1007 Mots-clés : tics  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  clonidine  guanfacine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this issue, Whittington et al. (2016) present a systematic review that reports the efficacy of three primary treatments for children with Tourette syndrome (TS) – (a) ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists; (b) antipsychotic medications; and (c) habit reversal training/comprehensive behavioral intervention. In this commentary, we highlight the large degree of heterogeneity observed in the meta-analysis of trials involving alpha-2 agonist medications and present possible explanations for the observed heterogeneity. Among these possible explanations is the possibility that presence of comorbid ADHD may moderate the efficacy of alpha-2 agonists in the treatment of tic disorder with the medications being more effective in patients with both conditions. The commentary reviews the evidence supporting this possible moderating effect of ADHD and discusses the implications for such a relationship. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12592 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Frequent daytime naps predict vocabulary growth in early childhood / Klára HORVATH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1008-1017 Titre : Frequent daytime naps predict vocabulary growth in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Klára HORVATH, Auteur ; Kim PLUNKETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1008-1017 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sleep  nap  children  infants  vocabulary development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The facilitating role of sleep for language learning is well-attested in adults and to a lesser extent in infants and toddlers. However, the longitudinal relationship between sleep patterns and early vocabulary development is not well understood. Methods This study investigates how measures of sleep are related to the development of vocabulary size in infants and toddlers. Day and night-time sleeping patterns of infants and toddlers were compared with their concurrent and subsequent vocabulary development. Sleep assessments were conducted using a sleep diary specifically designed to facilitate accurate parental report. Sleep measures were used as predictors in a multilevel growth curve analysis of vocabulary development. Results The number of daytime naps was positively associated with both predicted expressive (p = .062) and receptive vocabulary growth (p = .006), whereas the length of night-time sleep was negatively associated with rate of predicted expressive vocabulary growth (p = .045). Sleep efficiency was also positively associated with both predicted receptive (p = .001) and expressive vocabulary growth (p = .068). Conclusions These results point to a longitudinal relationship between sleep and language development, with a particular emphasis on the importance of napping at this age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12583 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Frequent daytime naps predict vocabulary growth in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Klára HORVATH, Auteur ; Kim PLUNKETT, Auteur . - p.1008-1017. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1008-1017 Mots-clés : Sleep  nap  children  infants  vocabulary development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The facilitating role of sleep for language learning is well-attested in adults and to a lesser extent in infants and toddlers. However, the longitudinal relationship between sleep patterns and early vocabulary development is not well understood. Methods This study investigates how measures of sleep are related to the development of vocabulary size in infants and toddlers. Day and night-time sleeping patterns of infants and toddlers were compared with their concurrent and subsequent vocabulary development. Sleep assessments were conducted using a sleep diary specifically designed to facilitate accurate parental report. Sleep measures were used as predictors in a multilevel growth curve analysis of vocabulary development. Results The number of daytime naps was positively associated with both predicted expressive (p = .062) and receptive vocabulary growth (p = .006), whereas the length of night-time sleep was negatively associated with rate of predicted expressive vocabulary growth (p = .045). Sleep efficiency was also positively associated with both predicted receptive (p = .001) and expressive vocabulary growth (p = .068). Conclusions These results point to a longitudinal relationship between sleep and language development, with a particular emphasis on the importance of napping at this age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12583 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Mapping the structural organization of the brain in conduct disorder: replication of findings in two independent samples / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1018-1026 Titre : Mapping the structural organization of the brain in conduct disorder: replication of findings in two independent samples Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Nicola TOSCHI, Auteur ; Kate SULLY, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Cindy C. HAGAN, Auteur ; Stefano DICIOTTI, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Luca PASSAMONTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1018-1026 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cortical thickness  structural covariance  conduct disorder  antisocial behavior  developmental taxonomic theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Neuroimaging methods that allow researchers to investigate structural covariance between brain regions are increasingly being used to study psychiatric disorders. Structural covariance analyses are particularly well suited for studying disorders with putative neurodevelopmental origins as they appear sensitive to changes in the synchronized maturation of different brain regions. We assessed interregional correlations in cortical thickness as a measure of structural covariance, and applied this method to investigate the coordinated development of different brain regions in conduct disorder (CD). We also assessed whether structural covariance measures could differentiate between the childhood-onset (CO-CD) and adolescence-onset (AO-CD) subtypes of CD, which may differ in terms of etiology and adult outcomes. Methods We examined interregional correlations in cortical thickness in male youths with CO-CD or AO-CD relative to healthy controls (HCs) in two independent datasets. The age range in the Cambridge sample was 16–21 years (mean: 18.0), whereas the age range of the Southampton sample was 13–18 years (mean: 16.7). We used FreeSurfer to perform segmentations and applied structural covariance methods to the resulting parcellations. Results In both samples, CO-CD participants displayed a strikingly higher number of significant cross-cortical correlations compared to HC or AO-CD participants, whereas AO-CD participants presented fewer significant correlations than HCs. Group differences in the strength of the interregional correlations were observed in both samples, and each set of results remained significant when controlling for IQ and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Conclusions This study provides new evidence for quantitative differences in structural brain organization between the CO-CD and AO-CD subtypes, and supports the hypothesis that both subtypes of CD have neurodevelopmental origins. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12581 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Mapping the structural organization of the brain in conduct disorder: replication of findings in two independent samples [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Nicola TOSCHI, Auteur ; Kate SULLY, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Cindy C. HAGAN, Auteur ; Stefano DICIOTTI, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Luca PASSAMONTI, Auteur . - p.1018-1026. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1018-1026 Mots-clés : Cortical thickness  structural covariance  conduct disorder  antisocial behavior  developmental taxonomic theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Neuroimaging methods that allow researchers to investigate structural covariance between brain regions are increasingly being used to study psychiatric disorders. Structural covariance analyses are particularly well suited for studying disorders with putative neurodevelopmental origins as they appear sensitive to changes in the synchronized maturation of different brain regions. We assessed interregional correlations in cortical thickness as a measure of structural covariance, and applied this method to investigate the coordinated development of different brain regions in conduct disorder (CD). We also assessed whether structural covariance measures could differentiate between the childhood-onset (CO-CD) and adolescence-onset (AO-CD) subtypes of CD, which may differ in terms of etiology and adult outcomes. Methods We examined interregional correlations in cortical thickness in male youths with CO-CD or AO-CD relative to healthy controls (HCs) in two independent datasets. The age range in the Cambridge sample was 16–21 years (mean: 18.0), whereas the age range of the Southampton sample was 13–18 years (mean: 16.7). We used FreeSurfer to perform segmentations and applied structural covariance methods to the resulting parcellations. Results In both samples, CO-CD participants displayed a strikingly higher number of significant cross-cortical correlations compared to HC or AO-CD participants, whereas AO-CD participants presented fewer significant correlations than HCs. Group differences in the strength of the interregional correlations were observed in both samples, and each set of results remained significant when controlling for IQ and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Conclusions This study provides new evidence for quantitative differences in structural brain organization between the CO-CD and AO-CD subtypes, and supports the hypothesis that both subtypes of CD have neurodevelopmental origins. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12581 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents / Dana L. MCMAKIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1027-1037 Titre : The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dana L. MCMAKIN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Daniel J. BUYSSE, Auteur ; Jennifer C. COUSINS, Auteur ; Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Jennifer S. SILK, Auteur ; Greg J. SIEGLE, Auteur ; Peter L. FRANZEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1027-1037 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sleep  sleep restriction  adolescence  affect  emotion  emotional reactivity  emotion regulation  pupillography  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Short sleep duration is highly prevalent in adolescence, and it prospectively predicts problems with emotional adjustment and psychiatric health. To move beyond epidemiological associations and inform models of developmental psychopathology, we experimentally restricted sleep to observe impacts on affective functioning. Based on the importance of social contexts to adolescent emotional experiences, we also examined the impact of restricted sleep on socioaffective functioning in an ecologically valid peer interaction task. Methods In Study 1, adolescents (ages 11.5–15.0, n = 48) were randomly assigned to two nights of polysomnography-monitored sleep restriction (4 hr in bed) or extension (10 hr in bed). One week later, they completed the other sleep manipulation. Affective functioning was assessed by self-report and pupil response to standardized affective sounds. Study 2 used a similar protocol and invited adolescents (ages 12–15.0, n = 16) to the sleep laboratory along with 2–4 friends to observe affective behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the effect of sleep condition on affective outcomes. Results Study 1 demonstrated increased negative affect following sleep restriction, relative to extension, on self-report (p = .02) and pupil measures (p = .01). Study 2 replicated these effects (both p = .04) and demonstrated greater negative affective behavior in a peer social context (p = .01). Exploratory analyses for positive affect showed reductions as assessed by self-report (p = .005), but not pupil (p = .81), in Study 1; and no significant effects in Study 2 (self-report, p = .14; pupil, p = .29; positive affective behavior, p = .43). Conclusions Experimental sleep restriction in adolescence impacts negative affective functioning as evidenced by self-report and pupil reactivity, as well as observed behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Implications for the impact of short sleep on developmental trajectories of emotional adjustment and psychiatric health, and opportunities for early intervention, are briefly discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12568 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dana L. MCMAKIN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Daniel J. BUYSSE, Auteur ; Jennifer C. COUSINS, Auteur ; Erika E. FORBES, Auteur ; Jennifer S. SILK, Auteur ; Greg J. SIEGLE, Auteur ; Peter L. FRANZEN, Auteur . - p.1027-1037. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1027-1037 Mots-clés : Sleep  sleep restriction  adolescence  affect  emotion  emotional reactivity  emotion regulation  pupillography  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Short sleep duration is highly prevalent in adolescence, and it prospectively predicts problems with emotional adjustment and psychiatric health. To move beyond epidemiological associations and inform models of developmental psychopathology, we experimentally restricted sleep to observe impacts on affective functioning. Based on the importance of social contexts to adolescent emotional experiences, we also examined the impact of restricted sleep on socioaffective functioning in an ecologically valid peer interaction task. Methods In Study 1, adolescents (ages 11.5–15.0, n = 48) were randomly assigned to two nights of polysomnography-monitored sleep restriction (4 hr in bed) or extension (10 hr in bed). One week later, they completed the other sleep manipulation. Affective functioning was assessed by self-report and pupil response to standardized affective sounds. Study 2 used a similar protocol and invited adolescents (ages 12–15.0, n = 16) to the sleep laboratory along with 2–4 friends to observe affective behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the effect of sleep condition on affective outcomes. Results Study 1 demonstrated increased negative affect following sleep restriction, relative to extension, on self-report (p = .02) and pupil measures (p = .01). Study 2 replicated these effects (both p = .04) and demonstrated greater negative affective behavior in a peer social context (p = .01). Exploratory analyses for positive affect showed reductions as assessed by self-report (p = .005), but not pupil (p = .81), in Study 1; and no significant effects in Study 2 (self-report, p = .14; pupil, p = .29; positive affective behavior, p = .43). Conclusions Experimental sleep restriction in adolescence impacts negative affective functioning as evidenced by self-report and pupil reactivity, as well as observed behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Implications for the impact of short sleep on developmental trajectories of emotional adjustment and psychiatric health, and opportunities for early intervention, are briefly discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12568 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Nutritional supplementation to reduce child aggression: a randomized, stratified, single-blind, factorial trial / Adrian RAINE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1038-1046 Titre : Nutritional supplementation to reduce child aggression: a randomized, stratified, single-blind, factorial trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Rose A. CHENEY, Auteur ; Ringo HO, Auteur ; Jill PORTNOY, Auteur ; Jianghong LIU, Auteur ; Liana SOYFER, Auteur ; Joseph HIBBELN, Auteur ; Therese S. RICHMOND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1038-1046 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aggression  omega-3  cognitive behavioral therapy  reactive  callous  nutrition  externalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While some studies suggest that nutritional supplementation may reduce aggressive behavior in children, they have not examined whether its efficacy may be enhanced in conjunction with other treatment approaches. This study tests the hypothesis that a nutritional supplementation of omega-3, multivitamins, and minerals over 3 months, combined with cognitive behavior therapy, will reduce childhood aggression. Methods In this randomized, single-blind, stratified, factorial trial, a high-risk community sample of 290 children aged 11–12 years were randomized into Nutrition only, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) only, Nutrition + CBT, and Control groups. The primary outcome measures of child- and parent-reported aggressive and antisocial behavior were collected at 0 months (baseline), 3 months (end of treatment), 6 months (3 months posttreatment), and 12 months (9 months posttreatment). The trial (‘Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression (HBB)’ was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00842439 Results For child self-reports, children in the Nutrition only group showed reduced externalizing behavior compared to Controls at 3 months. At 6 months, the Nutrition + CBT group scored lower on externalizing behavior compared to both CBT only and Control groups. Findings were more in evidence for an Aggressive-Reactive form of antisocial behavior than for a Callous-Proactive form. Effect sizes were in the small-to-medium range (d = ?.33 to ?.37). Group differences were not sustained 9 months posttreatment, and no other effects were significant. Conclusions Findings provide some limited support for the efficacy of omega-3, vitamin, and mineral supplementation in reducing aggressive behavior in children, and represent the first evaluation of nutritional supplements in conjunction with CBT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Nutritional supplementation to reduce child aggression: a randomized, stratified, single-blind, factorial trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Rose A. CHENEY, Auteur ; Ringo HO, Auteur ; Jill PORTNOY, Auteur ; Jianghong LIU, Auteur ; Liana SOYFER, Auteur ; Joseph HIBBELN, Auteur ; Therese S. RICHMOND, Auteur . - p.1038-1046. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1038-1046 Mots-clés : Aggression  omega-3  cognitive behavioral therapy  reactive  callous  nutrition  externalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While some studies suggest that nutritional supplementation may reduce aggressive behavior in children, they have not examined whether its efficacy may be enhanced in conjunction with other treatment approaches. This study tests the hypothesis that a nutritional supplementation of omega-3, multivitamins, and minerals over 3 months, combined with cognitive behavior therapy, will reduce childhood aggression. Methods In this randomized, single-blind, stratified, factorial trial, a high-risk community sample of 290 children aged 11–12 years were randomized into Nutrition only, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) only, Nutrition + CBT, and Control groups. The primary outcome measures of child- and parent-reported aggressive and antisocial behavior were collected at 0 months (baseline), 3 months (end of treatment), 6 months (3 months posttreatment), and 12 months (9 months posttreatment). The trial (‘Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression (HBB)’ was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00842439 Results For child self-reports, children in the Nutrition only group showed reduced externalizing behavior compared to Controls at 3 months. At 6 months, the Nutrition + CBT group scored lower on externalizing behavior compared to both CBT only and Control groups. Findings were more in evidence for an Aggressive-Reactive form of antisocial behavior than for a Callous-Proactive form. Effect sizes were in the small-to-medium range (d = ?.33 to ?.37). Group differences were not sustained 9 months posttreatment, and no other effects were significant. Conclusions Findings provide some limited support for the efficacy of omega-3, vitamin, and mineral supplementation in reducing aggressive behavior in children, and represent the first evaluation of nutritional supplements in conjunction with CBT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high-risk study / Milica NIKOLIC in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1047-1055 Titre : Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high-risk study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Milica NIKOLIC, Auteur ; Wieke DE VENTE, Auteur ; Cristina COLONNESI, Auteur ; Susan M. BOGELS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1047-1055 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social anxiety disorder  autonomic arousal  blushing  intergenerational transmission  high-risk design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective Autonomic hyperarousal in social situations is considered a genetic vulnerability factor for social anxiety disorder (SAD), but so far it is unstudied in children at risk for developing SAD. We examined autonomic activity during socially stressful tasks in children of mothers and fathers with and without lifetime SAD to reveal possible biological mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of SAD. Methods One hundred ten children aged 4.5 years were asked to sing a song in front of an audience and watch back their performance in the presence of that audience. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), and blushing (cheek blood flow and temperature) were measured in anticipation of, during, and after the tasks. Both parents’ lifetime SAD status was assessed, and both parents reported about their own and their child's social anxiety symptoms. Results Children of parents with lifetime SAD blushed more during the socially challenging tasks than children of parents without SAD. Moreover, children of parents with more social anxiety symptoms showed increased EDA throughout the tasks. Finally, more blushing, increased EDA, and reduced HRV were associated with greater child social anxiety. Conclusions This study adds to the current knowledge on the intergenerational transmission of SAD by providing evidence that children at risk for SAD are characterized by excessive blushing in socially challenging situations. The findings also demonstrate that heightened autonomic activity is a characteristic of social anxiety already during early childhood. Hence, autonomic hyperarousal, and blushing in particular, is likely to play an etiological role in the development of SAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12563 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Autonomic arousal in children of parents with and without social anxiety disorder: a high-risk study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Milica NIKOLIC, Auteur ; Wieke DE VENTE, Auteur ; Cristina COLONNESI, Auteur ; Susan M. BOGELS, Auteur . - p.1047-1055. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1047-1055 Mots-clés : Social anxiety disorder  autonomic arousal  blushing  intergenerational transmission  high-risk design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective Autonomic hyperarousal in social situations is considered a genetic vulnerability factor for social anxiety disorder (SAD), but so far it is unstudied in children at risk for developing SAD. We examined autonomic activity during socially stressful tasks in children of mothers and fathers with and without lifetime SAD to reveal possible biological mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of SAD. Methods One hundred ten children aged 4.5 years were asked to sing a song in front of an audience and watch back their performance in the presence of that audience. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), and blushing (cheek blood flow and temperature) were measured in anticipation of, during, and after the tasks. Both parents’ lifetime SAD status was assessed, and both parents reported about their own and their child's social anxiety symptoms. Results Children of parents with lifetime SAD blushed more during the socially challenging tasks than children of parents without SAD. Moreover, children of parents with more social anxiety symptoms showed increased EDA throughout the tasks. Finally, more blushing, increased EDA, and reduced HRV were associated with greater child social anxiety. Conclusions This study adds to the current knowledge on the intergenerational transmission of SAD by providing evidence that children at risk for SAD are characterized by excessive blushing in socially challenging situations. The findings also demonstrate that heightened autonomic activity is a characteristic of social anxiety already during early childhood. Hence, autonomic hyperarousal, and blushing in particular, is likely to play an etiological role in the development of SAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12563 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

The long-term effectiveness of a selective, personality-targeted prevention program in reducing alcohol use and related harms: a cluster randomized controlled trial / Nicola C. NEWTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1056-1065 Titre : The long-term effectiveness of a selective, personality-targeted prevention program in reducing alcohol use and related harms: a cluster randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicola C. NEWTON, Auteur ; Patricia J. CONROD, Auteur ; Tim SLADE, Auteur ; Natacha CARRAGHER, Auteur ; Katrina E. CHAMPION, Auteur ; Emma L. BARRETT, Auteur ; Erin V. KELLY, Auteur ; Natasha K. NAIR, Auteur ; Lexine STAPINSKI, Auteur ; Maree TEESSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1056-1065 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prevention  personality  alcohol abuse  adolescence  school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study investigated the long-term effectiveness of Preventure, a selective personality-targeted prevention program, in reducing the uptake of alcohol, harmful use of alcohol, and alcohol-related harms over a 3-year period. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Preventure. Schools were block randomized to one of two groups: the Preventure group (n = 7 schools) and the Control group (n = 7 schools). Only students screening as high-risk on one of four personality profiles (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) were included in the analysis. All students were assessed at five time points over a 3-year period: baseline; immediately after the intervention; and 12, 24, and 36 months after baseline. Students were assessed on frequency of drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related harms. Two-part latent growth models were used to analyze intervention effects, which included all students with data available at each time point. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612000026820; www.anzctr.org.au). Results A total of 438 high-risk adolescents (mean age, 13.4 years; SD = 0.47) from 14 Australian schools were recruited to the study and completed baseline assessments. Relative to high-risk Control students, high-risk Preventure students displayed significantly reduced growth in their likelihood to consume alcohol [b = ?0.225 (0.061); p < .001], to binge drink [b = ?0.305 (.096); p = 0.001], and to experience alcohol-related harms [b = ?0.255 (0.096); p = .008] over 36 months. Conclusions Findings from this study support the use of selective personality-targeted preventive interventions in reducing the uptake of alcohol, alcohol misuse, and related harms over the long term. This trial is the first to demonstrate the effects of a selective alcohol prevention program over a 3-year period and the first to demonstrate the effects of a selective preventive intervention in Australia. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] The long-term effectiveness of a selective, personality-targeted prevention program in reducing alcohol use and related harms: a cluster randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicola C. NEWTON, Auteur ; Patricia J. CONROD, Auteur ; Tim SLADE, Auteur ; Natacha CARRAGHER, Auteur ; Katrina E. CHAMPION, Auteur ; Emma L. BARRETT, Auteur ; Erin V. KELLY, Auteur ; Natasha K. NAIR, Auteur ; Lexine STAPINSKI, Auteur ; Maree TEESSON, Auteur . - p.1056-1065. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1056-1065 Mots-clés : Prevention  personality  alcohol abuse  adolescence  school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study investigated the long-term effectiveness of Preventure, a selective personality-targeted prevention program, in reducing the uptake of alcohol, harmful use of alcohol, and alcohol-related harms over a 3-year period. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Preventure. Schools were block randomized to one of two groups: the Preventure group (n = 7 schools) and the Control group (n = 7 schools). Only students screening as high-risk on one of four personality profiles (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) were included in the analysis. All students were assessed at five time points over a 3-year period: baseline; immediately after the intervention; and 12, 24, and 36 months after baseline. Students were assessed on frequency of drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related harms. Two-part latent growth models were used to analyze intervention effects, which included all students with data available at each time point. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612000026820; www.anzctr.org.au). Results A total of 438 high-risk adolescents (mean age, 13.4 years; SD = 0.47) from 14 Australian schools were recruited to the study and completed baseline assessments. Relative to high-risk Control students, high-risk Preventure students displayed significantly reduced growth in their likelihood to consume alcohol [b = ?0.225 (0.061); p < .001], to binge drink [b = ?0.305 (.096); p = 0.001], and to experience alcohol-related harms [b = ?0.255 (0.096); p = .008] over 36 months. Conclusions Findings from this study support the use of selective personality-targeted preventive interventions in reducing the uptake of alcohol, alcohol misuse, and related harms over the long term. This trial is the first to demonstrate the effects of a selective alcohol prevention program over a 3-year period and the first to demonstrate the effects of a selective preventive intervention in Australia. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo throughout childhood: temporal invariance and stability from preschool through ninth grade / Daniel R. LEOPOLD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1066-1074 Titre : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo throughout childhood: temporal invariance and stability from preschool through ninth grade Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel R. LEOPOLD, Auteur ; Micaela E. CHRISTOPHER, Auteur ; G. Leonard BURNS, Auteur ; Stephen P. BECKER, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1066-1074 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  sluggish cognitive tempo  sluggish tempo  inattention  hyperactivity  stability  temporal invariance  measurement invariance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although multiple cross-sectional studies have shown symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be statistically distinct, studies have yet to examine the temporal stability and measurement invariance of SCT in a longitudinal sample. To date, only six studies have assessed SCT longitudinally, with the longest study examining SCT over a 2-year period. The overall goals of this study were to assess the 10-year longitudinal stability and interfactor relationships of ADHD and SCT symptoms among a community sample of children. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the temporal invariance of ADHD and SCT symptoms in a large population-based longitudinal sample (International Longitudinal Twin Study of Early Reading Development) that included children assessed at preschool and after kindergarten, first, second, fourth, and ninth grades (n = 489). Latent autoregressive models were then estimated to assess the stability of these constructs. Results Results demonstrated invariance of item loadings and intercepts from preschool through ninth grades, as well as invariance of interfactor correlations. Results further indicated that both ADHD and SCT are highly stable across these years of development, that these symptom dimensions are related but also separable, and that hyperactivity/impulsivity and SCT are both more strongly correlated with inattention than with each other and show differential developmental trajectories. Specifically, even in the presence of latent simplex analyses providing support for the developmental stability of these dimensions, linear comparisons indicated that that mean levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity decreased with time, inattentive ratings were generally stable, and SCT tended to increase slightly across development. Conclusions This study adds to the current literature by being the first to systematically assess and demonstrate the temporal invariance and stability of ADHD and SCT across a span of 10 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo throughout childhood: temporal invariance and stability from preschool through ninth grade [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel R. LEOPOLD, Auteur ; Micaela E. CHRISTOPHER, Auteur ; G. Leonard BURNS, Auteur ; Stephen P. BECKER, Auteur ; Richard K. OLSON, Auteur ; Erik G. WILLCUTT, Auteur . - p.1066-1074. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1066-1074 Mots-clés : ADHD  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  sluggish cognitive tempo  sluggish tempo  inattention  hyperactivity  stability  temporal invariance  measurement invariance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although multiple cross-sectional studies have shown symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be statistically distinct, studies have yet to examine the temporal stability and measurement invariance of SCT in a longitudinal sample. To date, only six studies have assessed SCT longitudinally, with the longest study examining SCT over a 2-year period. The overall goals of this study were to assess the 10-year longitudinal stability and interfactor relationships of ADHD and SCT symptoms among a community sample of children. Methods Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the temporal invariance of ADHD and SCT symptoms in a large population-based longitudinal sample (International Longitudinal Twin Study of Early Reading Development) that included children assessed at preschool and after kindergarten, first, second, fourth, and ninth grades (n = 489). Latent autoregressive models were then estimated to assess the stability of these constructs. Results Results demonstrated invariance of item loadings and intercepts from preschool through ninth grades, as well as invariance of interfactor correlations. Results further indicated that both ADHD and SCT are highly stable across these years of development, that these symptom dimensions are related but also separable, and that hyperactivity/impulsivity and SCT are both more strongly correlated with inattention than with each other and show differential developmental trajectories. Specifically, even in the presence of latent simplex analyses providing support for the developmental stability of these dimensions, linear comparisons indicated that that mean levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity decreased with time, inattentive ratings were generally stable, and SCT tended to increase slightly across development. Conclusions This study adds to the current literature by being the first to systematically assess and demonstrate the temporal invariance and stability of ADHD and SCT across a span of 10 years. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Developmental changes in electroencephalographic frontal asymmetry in young children at risk for depression / Brandon L. GOLDSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1075-1082 Titre : Developmental changes in electroencephalographic frontal asymmetry in young children at risk for depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brandon L. GOLDSTEIN, Auteur ; Stewart A. SHANKMAN, Auteur ; Autumn KUJAWA, Auteur ; Dana C. TORPEY-NEWMAN, Auteur ; Thomas M. OLINO, Auteur ; Daniel N. KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1075-1082 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychophysiology  maternal depression  developmental psychopathology  electroencephalography  child development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A number of studies have reported that depression is associated with lower relative left frontal activity in the alpha band (i.e. frontal asymmetry, or FA), as measured by electroencephalogram. FA has also been hypothesized to be a vulnerability marker for depression. If this is the case, FA should be evident in offspring of depressed mothers, a group at elevated risk for depression. However, the results of previous offspring studies have been inconsistent and none of these studies has considered whether the relationship between FA and risk changes over development in children. Method We assessed FA twice, at ages 3 and 6, in 253 never depressed children from a community sample. Maternal history of depressive disorders was determined by a diagnostic interview completed by the mothers at the first assessment. Results There was a significant interaction between maternal depression and offspring age at assessment, indicating that FA exhibits different developmental trajectories depending on level of familial risk for depression. Offspring of depressed mothers exhibited a decreasing relative left FA over the course of early childhood, while offspring of nondepressed mothers exhibited relatively similar, symmetrical, levels of frontal alpha activity at both assessment points. Conclusions These results suggest that changes in FA from early to middle childhood distinguish those at risk for depression and that cross-sectional assessment of FA may have limited value in understanding risk. These results highlight the importance of considering development in understanding the role of FA in depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Developmental changes in electroencephalographic frontal asymmetry in young children at risk for depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brandon L. GOLDSTEIN, Auteur ; Stewart A. SHANKMAN, Auteur ; Autumn KUJAWA, Auteur ; Dana C. TORPEY-NEWMAN, Auteur ; Thomas M. OLINO, Auteur ; Daniel N. KLEIN, Auteur . - p.1075-1082. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1075-1082 Mots-clés : Psychophysiology  maternal depression  developmental psychopathology  electroencephalography  child development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A number of studies have reported that depression is associated with lower relative left frontal activity in the alpha band (i.e. frontal asymmetry, or FA), as measured by electroencephalogram. FA has also been hypothesized to be a vulnerability marker for depression. If this is the case, FA should be evident in offspring of depressed mothers, a group at elevated risk for depression. However, the results of previous offspring studies have been inconsistent and none of these studies has considered whether the relationship between FA and risk changes over development in children. Method We assessed FA twice, at ages 3 and 6, in 253 never depressed children from a community sample. Maternal history of depressive disorders was determined by a diagnostic interview completed by the mothers at the first assessment. Results There was a significant interaction between maternal depression and offspring age at assessment, indicating that FA exhibits different developmental trajectories depending on level of familial risk for depression. Offspring of depressed mothers exhibited a decreasing relative left FA over the course of early childhood, while offspring of nondepressed mothers exhibited relatively similar, symmetrical, levels of frontal alpha activity at both assessment points. Conclusions These results suggest that changes in FA from early to middle childhood distinguish those at risk for depression and that cross-sectional assessment of FA may have limited value in understanding risk. These results highlight the importance of considering development in understanding the role of FA in depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1083-1091 Titre : Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1083-1091 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention bias  stress  violence  anxiety  posttraumatic stress  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Threat-related attention bias relates to anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adults and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies examine such associations in young children. This study examines prospective relations among attention bias, trauma exposure, and anxiety and trauma symptoms in a sample previously reported to manifest cross-sectional associations between attention bias and observed anxiety at preschool age. Methods Young children [mean (MN) = 5.0, ±0.7 years, n = 208] from a community-based sample completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases in response to angry faces. At baseline (T1) and at follow-up approximately 9 months later (T2), anxiety and trauma exposure (i.e. violent and noninterpersonal events) and symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Results Neither attention bias nor baseline or recent trauma exposure predicted later anxiety. In contrast, attention bias toward threat and recent trauma exposure significantly predicted later trauma symptoms. There was evidence of symptom specificity such that attention bias toward threat significantly predicted hyperarousal and dissociation, but not avoidance or re-experiencing symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between attention bias and trauma symptoms may differ according to children's experiences of probable abuse. Conclusions Attention profiles and trauma exposure may increase the risk that young children will develop trauma symptoms. Individual differences in these attentional patterns and children's exposure history may impact outcomes among high-risk children with potential implications for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur . - p.1083-1091. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1083-1091 Mots-clés : Attention bias  stress  violence  anxiety  posttraumatic stress  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Threat-related attention bias relates to anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adults and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies examine such associations in young children. This study examines prospective relations among attention bias, trauma exposure, and anxiety and trauma symptoms in a sample previously reported to manifest cross-sectional associations between attention bias and observed anxiety at preschool age. Methods Young children [mean (MN) = 5.0, ±0.7 years, n = 208] from a community-based sample completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases in response to angry faces. At baseline (T1) and at follow-up approximately 9 months later (T2), anxiety and trauma exposure (i.e. violent and noninterpersonal events) and symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Results Neither attention bias nor baseline or recent trauma exposure predicted later anxiety. In contrast, attention bias toward threat and recent trauma exposure significantly predicted later trauma symptoms. There was evidence of symptom specificity such that attention bias toward threat significantly predicted hyperarousal and dissociation, but not avoidance or re-experiencing symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between attention bias and trauma symptoms may differ according to children's experiences of probable abuse. Conclusions Attention profiles and trauma exposure may increase the risk that young children will develop trauma symptoms. Individual differences in these attentional patterns and children's exposure history may impact outcomes among high-risk children with potential implications for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Parental death during childhood and depression in young adults – a national cohort study / Lisa BERG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1092-1098 Titre : Parental death during childhood and depression in young adults – a national cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa BERG, Auteur ; Mikael ROSTILA, Auteur ; Anders HJERN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1092-1098 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood parental death  adult depression  longitudinal  national cohort  familial risk factors  parental psychopathology  social position Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There are few prospective, population-based studies on childhood parental death and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, and previous findings are inconclusive. This study investigated the association between parental death from natural and external (suicides, accidents or homicides) causes before 18 years and the risk of clinical depression in young adults, in relation to age at loss and gender of both child and parent. Methods In this register-based study, a national cohort born in Sweden during 1973–1982 (n = 862,554) was followed with regard to hospital admissions and outpatient care for depression during 2006–2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the impact of parental death, taking sociodemographic and parental psychosocial covariates into account. Results Maternal death from natural causes was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of outpatient care for depression of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.40] in men and 1.15 (1.01–1.31) in women, after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, with similar effect sizes for paternal natural death. Death from external causes consistently had higher effect size compared with natural deaths, in particular in relation to risk of hospital admissions for depression where they were as high as HR 3.23 (2.38–4.38) for men, and 1.79 (1.30–2.47) for women after a loss of a mother. Losing a parent in preschool age, compared with losing a parent as a teenager, was associated with higher risks of both hospitalization (p = .006) and outpatient care (p = .001) for depression. Conclusions This study indicates that parental loss to death from natural causes during childhood is associated with a small increased risk of long-term consequences for psychological health. Children who lose their parents to death from external causes, that is suicides, accidents or homicides, and children losing a parent in young ages are, however, at particular risk and should be given priority in preventive interventions after parental loss. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Parental death during childhood and depression in young adults – a national cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa BERG, Auteur ; Mikael ROSTILA, Auteur ; Anders HJERN, Auteur . - p.1092-1098. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1092-1098 Mots-clés : Childhood parental death  adult depression  longitudinal  national cohort  familial risk factors  parental psychopathology  social position Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There are few prospective, population-based studies on childhood parental death and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, and previous findings are inconclusive. This study investigated the association between parental death from natural and external (suicides, accidents or homicides) causes before 18 years and the risk of clinical depression in young adults, in relation to age at loss and gender of both child and parent. Methods In this register-based study, a national cohort born in Sweden during 1973–1982 (n = 862,554) was followed with regard to hospital admissions and outpatient care for depression during 2006–2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the impact of parental death, taking sociodemographic and parental psychosocial covariates into account. Results Maternal death from natural causes was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of outpatient care for depression of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.40] in men and 1.15 (1.01–1.31) in women, after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, with similar effect sizes for paternal natural death. Death from external causes consistently had higher effect size compared with natural deaths, in particular in relation to risk of hospital admissions for depression where they were as high as HR 3.23 (2.38–4.38) for men, and 1.79 (1.30–2.47) for women after a loss of a mother. Losing a parent in preschool age, compared with losing a parent as a teenager, was associated with higher risks of both hospitalization (p = .006) and outpatient care (p = .001) for depression. Conclusions This study indicates that parental loss to death from natural causes during childhood is associated with a small increased risk of long-term consequences for psychological health. Children who lose their parents to death from external causes, that is suicides, accidents or homicides, and children losing a parent in young ages are, however, at particular risk and should be given priority in preventive interventions after parental loss. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292