Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Titre : Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.623-633 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306 [article] Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur . - p.623-633. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306

Insecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood / Christina MOUTSIANA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-5 (May 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-5 (May 2015) . - p.540-548 Titre : Insecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina MOUTSIANA, Auteur ; Tom JOHNSTONE, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Christos PLIATSIKAS, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.540-548 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  brain development  amygdala  longitudinal  maternal depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The quality of the early environment is hypothesized to be an influence on morphological development in key neural areas related to affective responding, but direct evidence to support this possibility is limited. In a 22-year longitudinal study, we examined hippocampal and amygdala volumes in adulthood in relation to early infant attachment status, an important indicator of the quality of the early caregiving environment. Methods Participants (N = 59) were derived from a prospective longitudinal study of the impact of maternal postnatal depression on child development. Infant attachment status (24 Secure; 35 Insecure) was observed at 18 months of age, and MRI assessments were completed at 22 years. Results In line with hypotheses, insecure versus secure infant attachment status was associated with larger amygdala volumes in young adults, an effect that was not accounted for by maternal depression history. We did not find early infant attachment status to predict hippocampal volumes. Conclusions Common variations in the quality of early environment are associated with gross alterations in amygdala morphology in the adult brain. Further research is required to establish the neural changes that underpin the volumetric differences reported here, and any functional implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12317 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Insecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina MOUTSIANA, Auteur ; Tom JOHNSTONE, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Christos PLIATSIKAS, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur . - p.540-548. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-5 (May 2015) . - p.540-548 Mots-clés : Attachment  brain development  amygdala  longitudinal  maternal depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The quality of the early environment is hypothesized to be an influence on morphological development in key neural areas related to affective responding, but direct evidence to support this possibility is limited. In a 22-year longitudinal study, we examined hippocampal and amygdala volumes in adulthood in relation to early infant attachment status, an important indicator of the quality of the early caregiving environment. Methods Participants (N = 59) were derived from a prospective longitudinal study of the impact of maternal postnatal depression on child development. Infant attachment status (24 Secure; 35 Insecure) was observed at 18 months of age, and MRI assessments were completed at 22 years. Results In line with hypotheses, insecure versus secure infant attachment status was associated with larger amygdala volumes in young adults, an effect that was not accounted for by maternal depression history. We did not find early infant attachment status to predict hippocampal volumes. Conclusions Common variations in the quality of early environment are associated with gross alterations in amygdala morphology in the adult brain. Further research is required to establish the neural changes that underpin the volumetric differences reported here, and any functional implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12317 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Making an effort to feel positive: insecure attachment in infancy predicts the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation in adulthood / Christina MOUTSIANA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-9 (September 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.999-1008 Titre : Making an effort to feel positive: insecure attachment in infancy predicts the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation in adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina MOUTSIANA, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tom JOHNSTONE, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.999-1008 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Emotion regulation  fMRI  infant attachment  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Animal research indicates that the neural substrates of emotion regulation may be persistently altered by early environmental exposures. If similar processes operate in human development then this is significant, as the capacity to regulate emotional states is fundamental to human adaptation. Methods We utilised a 22-year longitudinal study to examine the influence of early infant attachment to the mother, a key marker of early experience, on neural regulation of emotional states in young adults. Infant attachment status was measured via objective assessment at 18-months, and the neural underpinnings of the active regulation of affect were studied using fMRI at age 22 years. Results Infant attachment status at 18-months predicted neural responding during the regulation of positive affect 20-years later. Specifically, while attempting to up-regulate positive emotions, adults who had been insecurely versus securely attached as infants showed greater activation in prefrontal regions involved in cognitive control and reduced co-activation of nucleus accumbens with prefrontal cortex, consistent with relative inefficiency in the neural regulation of positive affect. Conclusions Disturbances in the mother–infant relationship may persistently alter the neural circuitry of emotion regulation, with potential implications for adjustment in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Making an effort to feel positive: insecure attachment in infancy predicts the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation in adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina MOUTSIANA, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tom JOHNSTONE, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur . - p.999-1008. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-9 (September 2014) . - p.999-1008 Mots-clés : Emotion regulation  fMRI  infant attachment  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Animal research indicates that the neural substrates of emotion regulation may be persistently altered by early environmental exposures. If similar processes operate in human development then this is significant, as the capacity to regulate emotional states is fundamental to human adaptation. Methods We utilised a 22-year longitudinal study to examine the influence of early infant attachment to the mother, a key marker of early experience, on neural regulation of emotional states in young adults. Infant attachment status was measured via objective assessment at 18-months, and the neural underpinnings of the active regulation of affect were studied using fMRI at age 22 years. Results Infant attachment status at 18-months predicted neural responding during the regulation of positive affect 20-years later. Specifically, while attempting to up-regulate positive emotions, adults who had been insecurely versus securely attached as infants showed greater activation in prefrontal regions involved in cognitive control and reduced co-activation of nucleus accumbens with prefrontal cortex, consistent with relative inefficiency in the neural regulation of positive affect. Conclusions Disturbances in the mother–infant relationship may persistently alter the neural circuitry of emotion regulation, with potential implications for adjustment in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Resilient functioning is associated with altered structural brain network topology in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity / Edward T. BULLMORE ; Raymond J. DOLAN ; Peter FONAGY ; Nadia GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA ; Ian GOODYER ; Peter B. JONES ; Sol LIM ; Laura MORENO-LÓPEZ ; Rafael ROMERO-GARCIA ; Samantha N. SALLIE ; Maximilian SCHEUPLEIN ; Franti?ek VÁ?A ; Kirstie J. WHITAKER ; Anne-Laura VAN HARMELEN in Development and Psychopathology, 35-5 (December 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2253-2263 Titre : Resilient functioning is associated with altered structural brain network topology in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; Raymond J. DOLAN, Auteur ; Peter FONAGY, Auteur ; Nadia GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Peter B. JONES, Auteur ; Sol LIM, Auteur ; Laura MORENO-LÓPEZ, Auteur ; Rafael ROMERO-GARCIA, Auteur ; Samantha N. SALLIE, Auteur ; Maximilian SCHEUPLEIN, Auteur ; Franti?ek VÁ?A, Auteur ; Kirstie J. WHITAKER, Auteur ; Anne-Laura VAN HARMELEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2253-2263 Mots-clés : adolescence  brain networks  childhood adversity  resilience  structural covariance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Childhood adversity is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent mental illness. Therefore, it is critical that the mechanisms that aid resilient functioning in individuals exposed to childhood adversity are better understood. Here, we examined whether resilient functioning was related to structural brain network topology. We quantified resilient functioning at the individual level as psychosocial functioning adjusted for the severity of childhood adversity in a large sample of adolescents (N = 2406, aged 14?24). Next, we examined nodal degree (the number of connections that brain regions have in a network) using brain-wide cortical thickness measures in a representative subset (N = 275) using a sliding window approach. We found that higher resilient functioning was associated with lower nodal degree of multiple regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (z > 1.645). During adolescence, decreases in nodal degree are thought to reflect a normative developmental process that is part of the extensive remodeling of structural brain network topology. Prior findings in this sample showed that decreased nodal degree was associated with age, as such our findings of negative associations between nodal degree and resilient functioning may therefore potentially resemble a more mature structural network configuration in individuals with higher resilient functioning. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Resilient functioning is associated with altered structural brain network topology in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; Raymond J. DOLAN, Auteur ; Peter FONAGY, Auteur ; Nadia GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Peter B. JONES, Auteur ; Sol LIM, Auteur ; Laura MORENO-LÓPEZ, Auteur ; Rafael ROMERO-GARCIA, Auteur ; Samantha N. SALLIE, Auteur ; Maximilian SCHEUPLEIN, Auteur ; Franti?ek VÁ?A, Auteur ; Kirstie J. WHITAKER, Auteur ; Anne-Laura VAN HARMELEN, Auteur . - p.2253-2263. in Development and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2253-2263 Mots-clés : adolescence  brain networks  childhood adversity  resilience  structural covariance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Childhood adversity is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent mental illness. Therefore, it is critical that the mechanisms that aid resilient functioning in individuals exposed to childhood adversity are better understood. Here, we examined whether resilient functioning was related to structural brain network topology. We quantified resilient functioning at the individual level as psychosocial functioning adjusted for the severity of childhood adversity in a large sample of adolescents (N = 2406, aged 14?24). Next, we examined nodal degree (the number of connections that brain regions have in a network) using brain-wide cortical thickness measures in a representative subset (N = 275) using a sliding window approach. We found that higher resilient functioning was associated with lower nodal degree of multiple regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (z > 1.645). During adolescence, decreases in nodal degree are thought to reflect a normative developmental process that is part of the extensive remodeling of structural brain network topology. Prior findings in this sample showed that decreased nodal degree was associated with age, as such our findings of negative associations between nodal degree and resilient functioning may therefore potentially resemble a more mature structural network configuration in individuals with higher resilient functioning. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

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