Dyadic RSA concordance as a neurobiological marker of sensitivity to parenting behaviors among behaviorally inhibited children / Nila SHAKIBA in Development and Psychopathology, 37-5 (December 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 37-5 (December 2025) . - p.2744-2757 Titre : Dyadic RSA concordance as a neurobiological marker of sensitivity to parenting behaviors among behaviorally inhibited children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nila SHAKIBA, Auteur ; Hong N.T. BUI, Auteur ; Kathy SEM, Auteur ; Kenneth H. RUBIN, Auteur ; Danielle R. NOVICK, Auteur ; Christina M. DANKO, Auteur ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2744-2757 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavioral inhibition  internalizing and externalizing psychopathology  parenting  physiological concordance  respiratory sinus arrhythmia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research on biomarkers of individual differences in sensitivity to caregiving contexts has largely focused on children’s parasympathetic activity, commonly indexed by RSA. Recent work, however, suggests that the parent-child dyadic RSA concordance may also provide important insight into heterogeneity in the links between parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment outcomes. This study is among the first to characterize dyadic patterns of RSA concordance between behaviorally inhibited children aged 3.5 to 5 years old (54% female, 47% White) and their caregivers (n = 107 dyads) across tasks designed to mimic children’s exposure to novel social interactions while parents observed their children navigating these tasks. Furthermore, we examined dyadic RSA concordance as a potential moderator of the associations between nurturing and intrusive parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment problems, as reported by teachers and parents. We found that a more positive concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated similar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks) protected against teacher-reported internalizing problems in the context of low parental nurturance. A negative concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated dissimilar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks), however, exacerbated the risk for parents' reports of children’s externalizing behaviors in the context of high parental intrusion. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579425100485 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572 [article] Dyadic RSA concordance as a neurobiological marker of sensitivity to parenting behaviors among behaviorally inhibited children [texte imprimé] / Nila SHAKIBA, Auteur ; Hong N.T. BUI, Auteur ; Kathy SEM, Auteur ; Kenneth H. RUBIN, Auteur ; Danielle R. NOVICK, Auteur ; Christina M. DANKO, Auteur ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur . - p.2744-2757. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 37-5 (December 2025) . - p.2744-2757 Mots-clés : Behavioral inhibition  internalizing and externalizing psychopathology  parenting  physiological concordance  respiratory sinus arrhythmia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research on biomarkers of individual differences in sensitivity to caregiving contexts has largely focused on children’s parasympathetic activity, commonly indexed by RSA. Recent work, however, suggests that the parent-child dyadic RSA concordance may also provide important insight into heterogeneity in the links between parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment outcomes. This study is among the first to characterize dyadic patterns of RSA concordance between behaviorally inhibited children aged 3.5 to 5 years old (54% female, 47% White) and their caregivers (n = 107 dyads) across tasks designed to mimic children’s exposure to novel social interactions while parents observed their children navigating these tasks. Furthermore, we examined dyadic RSA concordance as a potential moderator of the associations between nurturing and intrusive parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment problems, as reported by teachers and parents. We found that a more positive concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated similar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks) protected against teacher-reported internalizing problems in the context of low parental nurturance. A negative concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated dissimilar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks), however, exacerbated the risk for parents' reports of children’s externalizing behaviors in the context of high parental intrusion. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579425100485 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=572

Early intervention for inhibited young children: a randomized controlled trial comparing the Turtle Program and Cool Little Kids / Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-3 (March 2022) . - p.273-281 Titre : Early intervention for inhibited young children: a randomized controlled trial comparing the Turtle Program and Cool Little Kids Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur ; Danielle R. NOVICK, Auteur ; Christina M. DANKO, Auteur ; Kahsi A. SMITH, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Christine H. WANG, Auteur ; Lindsay DRUSKIN, Auteur ; Lea R. DOUGHERTY, Auteur ; Kenneth H. RUBIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.273-281 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  parent training  parent-child interaction  parenting  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children classified as behaviorally inhibited (BI) are at risk for social anxiety. Risk for anxiety is moderated by both parental behavior and social-emotional competence. Grounded in developmental-transactional theory, the Turtle Program involves both parent and child treatment components delivered within the peer context. Our pilot work demonstrated beneficial effects of the Turtle Program ('Turtle') over a waitlist control group. Herein, we report results of a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Turtle to the best available treatment for young children high in BI, Cool Little Kids (CLK). METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one parents and their 3.5- to 5-year-old children selected on the basis of BI were randomly assigned to Turtle or CLK, delivered in group format over 8 weeks. Effects on child anxiety, life interference, BI, and observed parenting were examined at post-treatment and 1-year follow-up. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02308826. RESULTS: No significant main effect differences were found between Turtle and CLK on child anxiety; children in both programs evidenced significant improvements in BI, anxiety severity, family accommodation, and child impairment. However, Turtle yielded increased observed warm/engaged parenting and decreased observed negative control, compared with CLK. Parental social anxiety moderated effects; parents with higher anxiety demonstrated diminished improvements in child impairment, and parent accommodation in CLK, but not in Turtle. Children of parents with higher anxiety demonstrated more improvements in child BI in Turtle, but not in CLK. CONCLUSIONS: Turtle and CLK are both effective early interventions for young children with BI. Turtle is more effective in improving parenting behaviors associated with the development and maintenance of child anxiety. Turtle also proved to be more effective than CLK for parents with social anxiety. Results suggest that Turtle should be recommended when parents have social anxiety; however, in the absence of parent anxiety, CLK may offer a more efficient treatment model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457 [article] Early intervention for inhibited young children: a randomized controlled trial comparing the Turtle Program and Cool Little Kids [texte imprimé] / Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO, Auteur ; Danielle R. NOVICK, Auteur ; Christina M. DANKO, Auteur ; Kahsi A. SMITH, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Christine H. WANG, Auteur ; Lindsay DRUSKIN, Auteur ; Lea R. DOUGHERTY, Auteur ; Kenneth H. RUBIN, Auteur . - p.273-281. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-3 (March 2022) . - p.273-281 Mots-clés : Anxiety  parent training  parent-child interaction  parenting  temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children classified as behaviorally inhibited (BI) are at risk for social anxiety. Risk for anxiety is moderated by both parental behavior and social-emotional competence. Grounded in developmental-transactional theory, the Turtle Program involves both parent and child treatment components delivered within the peer context. Our pilot work demonstrated beneficial effects of the Turtle Program ('Turtle') over a waitlist control group. Herein, we report results of a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Turtle to the best available treatment for young children high in BI, Cool Little Kids (CLK). METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one parents and their 3.5- to 5-year-old children selected on the basis of BI were randomly assigned to Turtle or CLK, delivered in group format over 8 weeks. Effects on child anxiety, life interference, BI, and observed parenting were examined at post-treatment and 1-year follow-up. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02308826. RESULTS: No significant main effect differences were found between Turtle and CLK on child anxiety; children in both programs evidenced significant improvements in BI, anxiety severity, family accommodation, and child impairment. However, Turtle yielded increased observed warm/engaged parenting and decreased observed negative control, compared with CLK. Parental social anxiety moderated effects; parents with higher anxiety demonstrated diminished improvements in child impairment, and parent accommodation in CLK, but not in Turtle. Children of parents with higher anxiety demonstrated more improvements in child BI in Turtle, but not in CLK. CONCLUSIONS: Turtle and CLK are both effective early interventions for young children with BI. Turtle is more effective in improving parenting behaviors associated with the development and maintenance of child anxiety. Turtle also proved to be more effective than CLK for parents with social anxiety. Results suggest that Turtle should be recommended when parents have social anxiety; however, in the absence of parent anxiety, CLK may offer a more efficient treatment model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457

Evaluating the sensitivity to threat and affiliative reward (STAR) model in relation to the development of conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits across early adolescence / Emily R. PERKINS ; Olivier F. COLINS ; Samantha PERLSTEIN ; Nicholas J. WAGNER ; Samuel W. HAWES ; Amy L. BYRD ; Essi VIDING ; Rebecca WALLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-10 (October 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-10 (October 2024) . - p.1327-1339 Titre : Evaluating the sensitivity to threat and affiliative reward (STAR) model in relation to the development of conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits across early adolescence Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily R. PERKINS, Auteur ; Olivier F. COLINS, Auteur ; Samantha PERLSTEIN, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Samuel W. HAWES, Auteur ; Amy L. BYRD, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1327-1339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Affiliation  callous-unemotional  conduct problems  parenting  psychopathology  threat sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model proposes low threat sensitivity and low affiliation as risk factors for callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Preliminary evidence for the STAR model comes from work in early childhood. However, studies are needed that explore the STAR dimensions in late childhood and adolescence when severe conduct problems (CP) emerge. Moreover, it is unclear how variability across the full spectrum of threat sensitivity and affiliation gives rise to different forms of psychopathology beyond CU traits. Methods The current study addressed these gaps using parent- and child-reported data from three waves and a sub-study of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study? of 11,878 youth (48% female; ages 9 12). Results Consistent with the STAR model, low threat sensitivity and low affiliation were independently related to CU traits across informants and time. Moreover, there was significant interaction between the STAR dimensions, such that children with lower sensitivity to threat and lower affiliation had higher parent-reported CU traits. Unlike CU traits, children with higher threat sensitivity had higher parent-reported CP and anxiety. Finally, children with lower affiliation had higher parent-reported CP, anxiety, and depression. Results largely replicated across informants and time, and sensitivity analysis revealed similar findings in children with and without DSM-5 defined CP. Conclusions Results support the STAR model hypotheses as they pertain to CU traits and delineate threat sensitivity and affiliation as independent transdiagnostic risk factors for different types of psychopathology. Future research is needed to develop fuller and more reliable and valid measures of affiliation and threat sensitivity across multiple assessment modalities. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13976 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=535 [article] Evaluating the sensitivity to threat and affiliative reward (STAR) model in relation to the development of conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits across early adolescence [texte imprimé] / Emily R. PERKINS, Auteur ; Olivier F. COLINS, Auteur ; Samantha PERLSTEIN, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Samuel W. HAWES, Auteur ; Amy L. BYRD, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur . - p.1327-1339. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-10 (October 2024) . - p.1327-1339 Mots-clés : Affiliation  callous-unemotional  conduct problems  parenting  psychopathology  threat sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model proposes low threat sensitivity and low affiliation as risk factors for callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Preliminary evidence for the STAR model comes from work in early childhood. However, studies are needed that explore the STAR dimensions in late childhood and adolescence when severe conduct problems (CP) emerge. Moreover, it is unclear how variability across the full spectrum of threat sensitivity and affiliation gives rise to different forms of psychopathology beyond CU traits. Methods The current study addressed these gaps using parent- and child-reported data from three waves and a sub-study of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study? of 11,878 youth (48% female; ages 9 12). Results Consistent with the STAR model, low threat sensitivity and low affiliation were independently related to CU traits across informants and time. Moreover, there was significant interaction between the STAR dimensions, such that children with lower sensitivity to threat and lower affiliation had higher parent-reported CU traits. Unlike CU traits, children with higher threat sensitivity had higher parent-reported CP and anxiety. Finally, children with lower affiliation had higher parent-reported CP, anxiety, and depression. Results largely replicated across informants and time, and sensitivity analysis revealed similar findings in children with and without DSM-5 defined CP. Conclusions Results support the STAR model hypotheses as they pertain to CU traits and delineate threat sensitivity and affiliation as independent transdiagnostic risk factors for different types of psychopathology. Future research is needed to develop fuller and more reliable and valid measures of affiliation and threat sensitivity across multiple assessment modalities. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13976 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=535

Greater fear reactivity and psychophysiological hyperactivity among infants with later conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits / W. Roger MILLS-KOONCE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-2 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-2 (February 2015) . - p.147-154 Titre : Greater fear reactivity and psychophysiological hyperactivity among infants with later conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. Roger MILLS-KOONCE, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Michael T. WILLOUGHBY, Auteur ; Cynthia STIFTER, Auteur ; Clancy BLAIR, Auteur ; Douglas A. GRANGER, Auteur ; THE FAMILY LIFE PROJECT KEY INVESTIGATORS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.147-154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fearlessness  psychobiology  autonomic  cortisol  conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Approximately one third of children who meet criteria for conduct problems (CP) are also characterized by elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits. This subgroup is at elevated risk for more pervasive and extreme levels of later antisocial behavior and has been characterized by a fearlessness temperament and blunted stress psychophysiology at older ages. The objective of this study was to examine group differences in fear reactivity and stress psychophysiology in infancy among children classified as having CP with CU (CP + CU), CP without CU (CP only), or no CP in later childhood. Methods A birth cohort study (n = 1,292) was followed longitudinally from birth through first grade. Behavioral fear, baseline heart period (HP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and pretask, 20-min posttask, and 40-min posttask salivary cortisol were assessed at 6 and 15 months of age around a fear challenge task. CP and CU were assessed by maternal report at first grade and children were classified into CP and CU groups if they scored in the upper 10th percentile of these ratings. Results No group differences were observed in children at 6 months of age. However, at 15 months of age children with later CP + CU displayed greater high-intensity fear behavior, higher pretask and overall cortisol levels, and lower levels of HP and RSA compared to children with CP only and children with no CP. Conclusions The discrepancy between the biobehavioral correlates of conduct problems with callous-unemotional traits in infancy and those reported from studies of older children and adults suggests that the etiology of this behavioral phenotype may be more complex than a simple genetic maturation model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12289 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Greater fear reactivity and psychophysiological hyperactivity among infants with later conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits [texte imprimé] / W. Roger MILLS-KOONCE, Auteur ; Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Michael T. WILLOUGHBY, Auteur ; Cynthia STIFTER, Auteur ; Clancy BLAIR, Auteur ; Douglas A. GRANGER, Auteur ; THE FAMILY LIFE PROJECT KEY INVESTIGATORS, Auteur . - p.147-154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-2 (February 2015) . - p.147-154 Mots-clés : Fearlessness  psychobiology  autonomic  cortisol  conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Approximately one third of children who meet criteria for conduct problems (CP) are also characterized by elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits. This subgroup is at elevated risk for more pervasive and extreme levels of later antisocial behavior and has been characterized by a fearlessness temperament and blunted stress psychophysiology at older ages. The objective of this study was to examine group differences in fear reactivity and stress psychophysiology in infancy among children classified as having CP with CU (CP + CU), CP without CU (CP only), or no CP in later childhood. Methods A birth cohort study (n = 1,292) was followed longitudinally from birth through first grade. Behavioral fear, baseline heart period (HP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and pretask, 20-min posttask, and 40-min posttask salivary cortisol were assessed at 6 and 15 months of age around a fear challenge task. CP and CU were assessed by maternal report at first grade and children were classified into CP and CU groups if they scored in the upper 10th percentile of these ratings. Results No group differences were observed in children at 6 months of age. However, at 15 months of age children with later CP + CU displayed greater high-intensity fear behavior, higher pretask and overall cortisol levels, and lower levels of HP and RSA compared to children with CP only and children with no CP. Conclusions The discrepancy between the biobehavioral correlates of conduct problems with callous-unemotional traits in infancy and those reported from studies of older children and adults suggests that the etiology of this behavioral phenotype may be more complex than a simple genetic maturation model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12289 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous-unemotional traits in early childhood / Nicholas J. WAGNER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-7 (July 2020) . - p.818-825 Titre : Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous-unemotional traits in early childhood Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur ; Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Samuel RONFARD, Auteur ; Susan FENSTERMACHER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.818-825 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavior problems  callous-unemotional traits  developmental psychopathology  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in early childhood explain heterogeneity within conduct problems and are associated with higher risk for later diagnoses of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Emerging research implicates impairments in affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits. The current study tests whether the imitation of intentional actions with no functional significance -a behavior that supports the acquisition of social conventions and affiliative bonds, is a specific developmental precursor to CU traits in early childhood. METHODS: Data came from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (Age 2: 47% females; Age 3: 44.9% females) with observations of arbitrary (i.e., nonfunctional actions) and instrumental (i.e., functional actions) imitation and parent reports of CU traits and oppositional defiant (ODD) behaviors at ages 2 and 3. RESULTS: Lower arbitrary imitation at age 2, but not instrumental imitation, was related to increases in CU traits from ages 2 to 3 (β = -.10, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish early social and affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits, highlighting that novel personalized treatment and intervention strategies for CU traits may benefit from targeting these processes to help reduce CU traits and risk for persistent conduct problems in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous-unemotional traits in early childhood [texte imprimé] / Nicholas J. WAGNER, Auteur ; Rebecca WALLER, Auteur ; Megan FLOM, Auteur ; Samuel RONFARD, Auteur ; Susan FENSTERMACHER, Auteur ; Kimberly J. SAUDINO, Auteur . - p.818-825. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-7 (July 2020) . - p.818-825 Mots-clés : Behavior problems  callous-unemotional traits  developmental psychopathology  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in early childhood explain heterogeneity within conduct problems and are associated with higher risk for later diagnoses of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Emerging research implicates impairments in affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits. The current study tests whether the imitation of intentional actions with no functional significance -a behavior that supports the acquisition of social conventions and affiliative bonds, is a specific developmental precursor to CU traits in early childhood. METHODS: Data came from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (Age 2: 47% females; Age 3: 44.9% females) with observations of arbitrary (i.e., nonfunctional actions) and instrumental (i.e., functional actions) imitation and parent reports of CU traits and oppositional defiant (ODD) behaviors at ages 2 and 3. RESULTS: Lower arbitrary imitation at age 2, but not instrumental imitation, was related to increases in CU traits from ages 2 to 3 (β = -.10, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish early social and affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits, highlighting that novel personalized treatment and intervention strategies for CU traits may benefit from targeting these processes to help reduce CU traits and risk for persistent conduct problems in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13182 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Low social affiliation predicts increases in callous-unemotional behaviors in early childhood / Samantha PERLSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-1 (January 2022)  

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Testing reciprocal associations between child anxiety and parenting across early interventions for inhibited preschoolers / Christian T. MEYER ; Nicholas J. WAGNER ; Kenneth H. RUBIN ; Christina M. DANKO ; Lea R. DOUGHERTY ; Lindsay R. DRUSKIN ; Kelly A. SMITH ; Andrea CHRONIS-TUSCANO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-12 (December 2023)  

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The interplay among socioeconomic status, household chaos, and parenting in the prediction of child conduct problems and callous–unemotional behaviors / W. Roger MILLS-KOONCE in Development and Psychopathology, 28-3 (August 2016)  

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