Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy / Eva R. KIMONIS in Development and Psychopathology, 29-4 (October 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1149-1160 Titre : Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Natalie GOULTER, Auteur ; Jason HALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1149-1160 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with psychopathic traits show an attenuated emotional response to aversive stimuli. However, recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in emotional reactivity among individuals with psychopathic or callous–unemotional (CU) traits in the identification of primary and secondary subtypes, or variants. We hypothesized that primary CU variants will respond with blunted affect to negatively valenced stimuli, whereas individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment, fitting with theoretical conceptualizations of secondary psychopathy, will display heightened emotional reactivity. To test this hypothesis, we examined fear-potentiated startle between CU variants while viewing aversive, pleasant, and neutral scenes. Two hundred thirty-eight incarcerated adolescent (M age = 16.8 years, SD = 1.11 years) boys completed a picture-startle paradigm and self-report questionnaires assessing CU traits, aggressive behavior, and maltreatment. Latent profile analysis of CU trait, aggression, and maltreatment scores identified four classes: primary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, low maltreatment; n = 46), secondary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, high maltreatment; n = 42), and two nonpsychopathic groups differentiated on maltreatment experience (n = 148). Primary CU variants displayed reduced startle potentiation to aversive images relative to control, maltreated, and also secondary variants that exhibited greater startle modulation. Findings add to a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the possibility of multiple developmental pathways to psychopathic traits (i.e., equifinality), and extend it by finding support for divergent potential biomarkers between primary and secondary CU variants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001206 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312 [article] Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Natalie GOULTER, Auteur ; Jason HALL, Auteur . - p.1149-1160. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1149-1160 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with psychopathic traits show an attenuated emotional response to aversive stimuli. However, recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in emotional reactivity among individuals with psychopathic or callous–unemotional (CU) traits in the identification of primary and secondary subtypes, or variants. We hypothesized that primary CU variants will respond with blunted affect to negatively valenced stimuli, whereas individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment, fitting with theoretical conceptualizations of secondary psychopathy, will display heightened emotional reactivity. To test this hypothesis, we examined fear-potentiated startle between CU variants while viewing aversive, pleasant, and neutral scenes. Two hundred thirty-eight incarcerated adolescent (M age = 16.8 years, SD = 1.11 years) boys completed a picture-startle paradigm and self-report questionnaires assessing CU traits, aggressive behavior, and maltreatment. Latent profile analysis of CU trait, aggression, and maltreatment scores identified four classes: primary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, low maltreatment; n = 46), secondary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, high maltreatment; n = 42), and two nonpsychopathic groups differentiated on maltreatment experience (n = 148). Primary CU variants displayed reduced startle potentiation to aversive images relative to control, maltreated, and also secondary variants that exhibited greater startle modulation. Findings add to a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the possibility of multiple developmental pathways to psychopathic traits (i.e., equifinality), and extend it by finding support for divergent potential biomarkers between primary and secondary CU variants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001206 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312

Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits / Eva R. KIMONIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-3 (March 2023) . - p.357-366 Titre : Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Brandon LE, Auteur ; Georgette E. FLEMING, Auteur ; Melina N. KYRANIDES, Auteur ; Chara A. DEMETRIOU, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Bryan NEO, Auteur ; Ashneeta H. PRASAD, Auteur ; Amanda CHAN, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; Valsamma EAPEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.357-366 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Elevated levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits have proven useful for identifying a distinct subgroup of children whose conduct problems (CP) are early emerging, severe, persistent, and underpinned by aberrant emotional processing. The early childhood emotional experiences and expressions of CP subtypes are poorly understood, despite their importance to understanding the problematic attachments and atypical social affiliation experienced by children with elevated CU traits. The current study aimed to test for differences in facial emotional reactions to mood-inducing film clips in children with CP and varying levels of CU traits. Method We compared facial emotional reactions during a developmentally appropriate mood induction task in a mixed-sex sample of clinic-referred preschool children (Mage=3.64 years, SD=0.63, 66.9% male) classified as CP with elevated levels of CU traits (CP + CU; n=25) versus low CU traits (CP-only; n=47), and typically developing children (TD; n=28). Results Relative to TD children, children with clinical CP showed less congruent and more incongruent facial emotional expressions to sad and happy film clips, controlling for child sex, age, and ethnicity. Conclusions Consistent with older samples, young children with CP show atypical facial emotional expressions in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli. Findings have implications for developmental models of childhood antisocial behavior and can inform the development of targeted interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493 [article] Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Brandon LE, Auteur ; Georgette E. FLEMING, Auteur ; Melina N. KYRANIDES, Auteur ; Chara A. DEMETRIOU, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Bryan NEO, Auteur ; Ashneeta H. PRASAD, Auteur ; Amanda CHAN, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; Valsamma EAPEN, Auteur . - p.357-366. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-3 (March 2023) . - p.357-366 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Elevated levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits have proven useful for identifying a distinct subgroup of children whose conduct problems (CP) are early emerging, severe, persistent, and underpinned by aberrant emotional processing. The early childhood emotional experiences and expressions of CP subtypes are poorly understood, despite their importance to understanding the problematic attachments and atypical social affiliation experienced by children with elevated CU traits. The current study aimed to test for differences in facial emotional reactions to mood-inducing film clips in children with CP and varying levels of CU traits. Method We compared facial emotional reactions during a developmentally appropriate mood induction task in a mixed-sex sample of clinic-referred preschool children (Mage=3.64 years, SD=0.63, 66.9% male) classified as CP with elevated levels of CU traits (CP + CU; n=25) versus low CU traits (CP-only; n=47), and typically developing children (TD; n=28). Results Relative to TD children, children with clinical CP showed less congruent and more incongruent facial emotional expressions to sad and happy film clips, controlling for child sex, age, and ethnicity. Conclusions Consistent with older samples, young children with CP show atypical facial emotional expressions in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli. Findings have implications for developmental models of childhood antisocial behavior and can inform the development of targeted interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493

Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems / Tina D. WALL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.976-983 Titre : Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tina D. WALL, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Alexandros LORDOS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.976-983 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits  parenting  executive functioning  impulsivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for a severe, aggressive, and persistent pattern of conduct problems (CP). This study investigated characteristics that might differentiate children with elevated CU traits with and without CP in an effort to identify factors that may reduce the risk for CP in children with limited prosocial emotions. Methods Utilizing a sample of 1,366 children from Cyprus, five groups were identified for further study based on latent profile analysis: low-risk (67.2%), high-CP/low-CU (7.9%), high-CU (9.4%), moderate-CP/CU (8.4%), and high-CP/CU (7.2%). The identified groups were compared on behavioral and social measures. Results There were significant main effects of group for: impulsivity and executive functioning; parenting; and connectedness to school. The high-CU group had significantly lower hyperactivity-impulsivity and executive functioning deficits, significantly higher self-regulation, and their mothers reported more maternal involvement and positive parenting than those in the high-CP/CU group. Also, the high-CU group showed more school connectedness than those in the high-CP/CU group. Conclusions These findings highlight several factors in the child and in his or her social environment that are associated with CU traits in the absence of serious CP and that may suggest targets for intervention for youth who may lack prosocial emotions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tina D. WALL, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Alexandros LORDOS, Auteur . - p.976-983. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.976-983 Mots-clés : Conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits  parenting  executive functioning  impulsivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for a severe, aggressive, and persistent pattern of conduct problems (CP). This study investigated characteristics that might differentiate children with elevated CU traits with and without CP in an effort to identify factors that may reduce the risk for CP in children with limited prosocial emotions. Methods Utilizing a sample of 1,366 children from Cyprus, five groups were identified for further study based on latent profile analysis: low-risk (67.2%), high-CP/low-CU (7.9%), high-CU (9.4%), moderate-CP/CU (8.4%), and high-CP/CU (7.2%). The identified groups were compared on behavioral and social measures. Results There were significant main effects of group for: impulsivity and executive functioning; parenting; and connectedness to school. The high-CU group had significantly lower hyperactivity-impulsivity and executive functioning deficits, significantly higher self-regulation, and their mothers reported more maternal involvement and positive parenting than those in the high-CP/CU group. Also, the high-CU group showed more school connectedness than those in the high-CP/CU group. Conclusions These findings highlight several factors in the child and in his or her social environment that are associated with CU traits in the absence of serious CP and that may suggest targets for intervention for youth who may lack prosocial emotions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

The better of two evils? Evidence that children exhibiting continuous conduct problems high or low on callous–unemotional traits score on opposite directions on physiological and behavioral measures of fear / Kostas A. FANTI in Development and Psychopathology, 28-1 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 28-1 (February 2016) . - p.185-198 Titre : The better of two evils? Evidence that children exhibiting continuous conduct problems high or low on callous–unemotional traits score on opposite directions on physiological and behavioral measures of fear Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Georgia PANAYIOTOU, Auteur ; Chrysostomos LAZAROU, Auteur ; Raphaelia MICHAEL, Auteur ; Giorgos GEORGIOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.185-198 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examines whether heterogeneous groups of children identified based on their longitudinal scores on conduct problems (CP) and callous–unemotional (CU) traits differ on physiological and behavioral measures of fear. Specifically, it aims to test the hypothesis that children with high/stable CP differentiated on CU traits score on opposite directions on a fear–fearless continuum. Seventy-three participants (M age = 11.21; 45.2% female) were selected from a sample of 1,200 children. Children and their parents completed a battery of questionnaires assessing fearfulness, sensitivity to punishment, and behavioral inhibition. Children also participated in an experiment assessing their startle reactivity to fearful mental imagery, a well-established index of defensive motivation. The pattern of results verifies the hypothesis that fearlessness, assessed with physiological and behavioral measures, is a core characteristic of children high on both CP and CU traits (i.e., receiving the DSM-5 specifier of limited prosocial emotions). To the contrary, children with high/stable CP and low CU traits demonstrated high responsiveness to fear, high behavioral inhibition, and high sensitivity to punishment. The study is in accord with the principle of equifinality, in that different developmental mechanisms (i.e., extremes of high and low fear) may have the same behavioral outcome manifested as phenotypic antisocial behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] The better of two evils? Evidence that children exhibiting continuous conduct problems high or low on callous–unemotional traits score on opposite directions on physiological and behavioral measures of fear [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Georgia PANAYIOTOU, Auteur ; Chrysostomos LAZAROU, Auteur ; Raphaelia MICHAEL, Auteur ; Giorgos GEORGIOU, Auteur . - p.185-198. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 28-1 (February 2016) . - p.185-198 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examines whether heterogeneous groups of children identified based on their longitudinal scores on conduct problems (CP) and callous–unemotional (CU) traits differ on physiological and behavioral measures of fear. Specifically, it aims to test the hypothesis that children with high/stable CP differentiated on CU traits score on opposite directions on a fear–fearless continuum. Seventy-three participants (M age = 11.21; 45.2% female) were selected from a sample of 1,200 children. Children and their parents completed a battery of questionnaires assessing fearfulness, sensitivity to punishment, and behavioral inhibition. Children also participated in an experiment assessing their startle reactivity to fearful mental imagery, a well-established index of defensive motivation. The pattern of results verifies the hypothesis that fearlessness, assessed with physiological and behavioral measures, is a core characteristic of children high on both CP and CU traits (i.e., receiving the DSM-5 specifier of limited prosocial emotions). To the contrary, children with high/stable CP and low CU traits demonstrated high responsiveness to fear, high behavioral inhibition, and high sensitivity to punishment. The study is in accord with the principle of equifinality, in that different developmental mechanisms (i.e., extremes of high and low fear) may have the same behavioral outcome manifested as phenotypic antisocial behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier / Eva R. KIMONIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-11 (November 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-11 (November 2015) . - p.1249-1261 Titre : Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Cecilia ESSAU, Auteur ; Patricia BIJTTEBIER, Auteur ; Monica A. MARSEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1249-1261 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional traits  DSM-5  conduct disorder  with limited prosocial emotions  item response theory analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates an important subgroup of antisocial youth at risk for severe, persistent, and impairing conduct problems. As a result, the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual includes a specifier for youth meeting diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder who show elevated CU traits. The current study evaluated the DSM-5 criteria using Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses and evaluated two methods for using a self-report measure of CU traits to make this diagnosis. Methods The sample included 2257 adolescent (M age = 15.64, SD = 1.69 years) boys (53%) and girls (47%) from community and incarcerated settings in the United States and the European countries of Belgium, Germany, and Cyprus. Results IRT analyses suggested that four- or eight-item sets from the self-report measure (comparable to the symptoms used by the DSM-5 specifier) provided good model fit, suggesting that they assess a single underlying CU construct. Further, the most stringent method of scoring the self-report scale (i.e. taking only the most extreme responses) to approximate symptom presence provided the best discrimination in IRT analyses, showed reasonable prevalence rates of the specifier, and designated community adolescents who were highly antisocial, whereas the less stringent method best discriminated detained youth. Conclusions Refined self-report scales developed on the basis of IRT findings provided good assessments of most of the symptoms used in the DSM-5 criteria. These scales may be used as one component of a multimethod assessment of the ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier for Conduct Disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12357 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur ; Cecilia ESSAU, Auteur ; Patricia BIJTTEBIER, Auteur ; Monica A. MARSEE, Auteur . - p.1249-1261. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-11 (November 2015) . - p.1249-1261 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional traits  DSM-5  conduct disorder  with limited prosocial emotions  item response theory analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates an important subgroup of antisocial youth at risk for severe, persistent, and impairing conduct problems. As a result, the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual includes a specifier for youth meeting diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder who show elevated CU traits. The current study evaluated the DSM-5 criteria using Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses and evaluated two methods for using a self-report measure of CU traits to make this diagnosis. Methods The sample included 2257 adolescent (M age = 15.64, SD = 1.69 years) boys (53%) and girls (47%) from community and incarcerated settings in the United States and the European countries of Belgium, Germany, and Cyprus. Results IRT analyses suggested that four- or eight-item sets from the self-report measure (comparable to the symptoms used by the DSM-5 specifier) provided good model fit, suggesting that they assess a single underlying CU construct. Further, the most stringent method of scoring the self-report scale (i.e. taking only the most extreme responses) to approximate symptom presence provided the best discrimination in IRT analyses, showed reasonable prevalence rates of the specifier, and designated community adolescents who were highly antisocial, whereas the less stringent method best discriminated detained youth. Conclusions Refined self-report scales developed on the basis of IRT findings provided good assessments of most of the symptoms used in the DSM-5 criteria. These scales may be used as one component of a multimethod assessment of the ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier for Conduct Disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12357 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

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