Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder / Marion RUTHERFORD in Autism, 20-5 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 20-5 (July 2016) . - p.628-634 Titre : Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; Tess JOHNSON, Auteur ; Ciara CATCHPOLE, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Aja MURRAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.628-634 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  diagnosis  females  gender  males Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This article reports on gender ratio, age of diagnosis and the duration of assessment procedures in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national study which included all types of clinical services for children and adults. Findings are reported from a retrospective case note analysis undertaken with a representative sample of 150 Scottish children and adults recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The study reports key findings that the gender ratio in this consecutively referred cohort is lower than anticipated in some age groups and reduces with increasing age. The gender ratio in children, together with the significant difference in the mean age of referral and diagnosis for girls compared to boys, adds evidence of delayed recognition of autism spectrum disorder in younger girls. There was no significant difference in duration of assessment for males and females suggesting that delays in diagnosis of females occur prior to referral for assessment. Implications for practice and research are considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315617879 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 [article] Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; Tess JOHNSON, Auteur ; Ciara CATCHPOLE, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Aja MURRAY, Auteur . - p.628-634. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 20-5 (July 2016) . - p.628-634 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  diagnosis  females  gender  males Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This article reports on gender ratio, age of diagnosis and the duration of assessment procedures in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national study which included all types of clinical services for children and adults. Findings are reported from a retrospective case note analysis undertaken with a representative sample of 150 Scottish children and adults recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The study reports key findings that the gender ratio in this consecutively referred cohort is lower than anticipated in some age groups and reduces with increasing age. The gender ratio in children, together with the significant difference in the mean age of referral and diagnosis for girls compared to boys, adds evidence of delayed recognition of autism spectrum disorder in younger girls. There was no significant difference in duration of assessment for males and females suggesting that delays in diagnosis of females occur prior to referral for assessment. Implications for practice and research are considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315617879 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290

A national study to investigate the clinical use of standardised instruments in autism spectrum disorder assessment of children and adults in Scotland / Marion RUTHERFORD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 29-30 (September–October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 29-30 (September–October 2016) . - p.93-100 Titre : A national study to investigate the clinical use of standardised instruments in autism spectrum disorder assessment of children and adults in Scotland Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Ian FINLAYSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.93-100 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Children  Adults  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground There are few large scale studies about the nature and extent of the actual use of standardised assessments for Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis in clinical practice. This study compares and contrasts practice in diagnostic services for both adults and children. Method We conducted an analysis of retrospective case notes from 150 cases (70 adult, 80 children) assessed for Autism Spectrum Disorder by 16 diagnostic services. Results We found differences between adult and child services in staff training and use of standardised assessment during diagnosis. All child services had staff trained in and regularly using standardised assessments. Most adult services had staff trained in using instruments but only half used them regularly. Administration of standardised ASD assessments was ten times more likely in children than in adults (OR = 10.1; CI = 4.24, 24.0). Child services selected the ADOS as the standardised tool and adult services selected the DISCO, with very little overlap. Decisions to administer standardised tools were not based on case complexity but rather the same process was applied to all referrals within a service. The three recommended components of assessment (clinical history, clinical observation and contextual information) were included for the majority of cases, although clinical observation was more frequently used with children than with adults. Conclusions Based on the findings, we suggest a need for a wider range of appropriate assessments for use with adults, particularly those with an intellectual disability and for further research into the reasons behind the choices clinicians make during the assessment process. For child services in Scotland, there is a need for more training in use of current diagnostic interviews. Clinicians did not vary tools used based on complexity, suggesting that this is a notion still to be clearly defined and operationalised in clinical decision making about the use of standardised assessments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.05.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] A national study to investigate the clinical use of standardised instruments in autism spectrum disorder assessment of children and adults in Scotland [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Ian FINLAYSON, Auteur . - p.93-100. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 29-30 (September–October 2016) . - p.93-100 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Children  Adults  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground There are few large scale studies about the nature and extent of the actual use of standardised assessments for Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis in clinical practice. This study compares and contrasts practice in diagnostic services for both adults and children. Method We conducted an analysis of retrospective case notes from 150 cases (70 adult, 80 children) assessed for Autism Spectrum Disorder by 16 diagnostic services. Results We found differences between adult and child services in staff training and use of standardised assessment during diagnosis. All child services had staff trained in and regularly using standardised assessments. Most adult services had staff trained in using instruments but only half used them regularly. Administration of standardised ASD assessments was ten times more likely in children than in adults (OR = 10.1; CI = 4.24, 24.0). Child services selected the ADOS as the standardised tool and adult services selected the DISCO, with very little overlap. Decisions to administer standardised tools were not based on case complexity but rather the same process was applied to all referrals within a service. The three recommended components of assessment (clinical history, clinical observation and contextual information) were included for the majority of cases, although clinical observation was more frequently used with children than with adults. Conclusions Based on the findings, we suggest a need for a wider range of appropriate assessments for use with adults, particularly those with an intellectual disability and for further research into the reasons behind the choices clinicians make during the assessment process. For child services in Scotland, there is a need for more training in use of current diagnostic interviews. Clinicians did not vary tools used based on complexity, suggesting that this is a notion still to be clearly defined and operationalised in clinical decision making about the use of standardised assessments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.05.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Parent focused interventions for older children or adults with ASD and parent wellbeing outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis / Marion RUTHERFORD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 68 (December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101450 Titre : Parent focused interventions for older children or adults with ASD and parent wellbeing outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Anusua SINGH-ROY, Auteur ; Robert RUSH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101450 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Wellbeing  Quality of life  Parent stress  Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is a need for better evidence in relation to parent-focussed interventions for older children (over 7 years) and adults, which are recommended in clinical guidelines. Method We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2006 and 2016 investigating wellbeing outcomes of ASD parent focussed interventions via a search of electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane database. Results We screened 9605 titles, 57 full text articles and abstracts were read. Two were systematic reviews and 22 experimental intervention studies were included for review. Of these, five were Randomised Controlled Trials, three Controlled Trials and 14 Cohort studies. Interventions were Parent education and training (n?=?12); Mindfulness or relaxation training (n?=?6), Parent support groups (n?=?2) and Multicomponent interventions (n?=?2). Studies reported five wellbeing outcomes: quality of life, parent stress, self-efficacy, parenting style and satisfaction. Separate meta-analyses compared each outcome, to test and estimate the summary effect shared by studies reporting each intervention. Statistically significant outcomes were obtained for reducing parent stress via mindfulness training and for improving parent style and satisfaction, through parent education. Conclusions Analyses of a small number of studies indicate that parent focussed interventions could be effective in improving parent wellbeing, however further research is needed to determine optimal parent intervention models. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Parent focused interventions for older children or adults with ASD and parent wellbeing outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Anusua SINGH-ROY, Auteur ; Robert RUSH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur . - p.101450. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101450 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Wellbeing  Quality of life  Parent stress  Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is a need for better evidence in relation to parent-focussed interventions for older children (over 7 years) and adults, which are recommended in clinical guidelines. Method We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2006 and 2016 investigating wellbeing outcomes of ASD parent focussed interventions via a search of electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane database. Results We screened 9605 titles, 57 full text articles and abstracts were read. Two were systematic reviews and 22 experimental intervention studies were included for review. Of these, five were Randomised Controlled Trials, three Controlled Trials and 14 Cohort studies. Interventions were Parent education and training (n?=?12); Mindfulness or relaxation training (n?=?6), Parent support groups (n?=?2) and Multicomponent interventions (n?=?2). Studies reported five wellbeing outcomes: quality of life, parent stress, self-efficacy, parenting style and satisfaction. Separate meta-analyses compared each outcome, to test and estimate the summary effect shared by studies reporting each intervention. Statistically significant outcomes were obtained for reducing parent stress via mindfulness training and for improving parent style and satisfaction, through parent education. Conclusions Analyses of a small number of studies indicate that parent focussed interventions could be effective in improving parent wellbeing, however further research is needed to determine optimal parent intervention models. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Why are they waiting? Exploring professional perspectives and developing solutions to delayed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults and children / Marion RUTHERFORD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 31 (November 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 31 (November 2016) . - p.53-65 Titre : Why are they waiting? Exploring professional perspectives and developing solutions to delayed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults and children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Linda IRVINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.53-65 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Focus groups  Autism spectrum disorder  Diagnostic assessment  Wait times Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground This paper reports on the development of child and adult Action Plans for Autism Spectrum Disorder to address the problem of delayed diagnosis and lengthy waiting times. Evidence used in the development of action plans was gathered from a sequential mixed methods study to further understand the reasons for the long waiting time and potential solutions. This is the first published investigation, from the perspective of diagnosing professional teams, of the reasons for delays, which also generates solutions. Methods Ninety five clinicians from 8 child and 8 adult services attended 16 focus groups to explore clinicians’ views on a) reducing the wait for diagnosis and b) providing a good quality diagnostic process with good adherence to clinical guidelines. During focus groups, quantitative data were fed back, used to frame discussions and facilitate solution focused action planning with each service. Sixteen local action plans were synthesised to create an ASD Action Plan for children and an ASD Action Plan for adults. Results Key solutions are proposed to support the reduction of the wait for diagnostic assessment, through reducing non-attendance rates, reducing inappropriate referrals, developing efficient working and communication and improving the effectiveness of care pathways. These are presented in actions plans for use by clinical teams. Conclusion The first step in addressing the clinical challenge of increased wait for diagnostic assessment of ASD is understanding the complex and multi-factorial reasons for delays. The action plans developed here through systematic enquiry and synthesis may provide clinical diagnostic teams with evidence based guidance on common challenges and solutions to guide future quality improvement programmes. Future research to evaluate whether using Action Plans leads to a reduction in waiting times would be of value. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.06.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Why are they waiting? Exploring professional perspectives and developing solutions to delayed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults and children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Linda IRVINE, Auteur . - p.53-65. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 31 (November 2016) . - p.53-65 Mots-clés : Focus groups  Autism spectrum disorder  Diagnostic assessment  Wait times Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground This paper reports on the development of child and adult Action Plans for Autism Spectrum Disorder to address the problem of delayed diagnosis and lengthy waiting times. Evidence used in the development of action plans was gathered from a sequential mixed methods study to further understand the reasons for the long waiting time and potential solutions. This is the first published investigation, from the perspective of diagnosing professional teams, of the reasons for delays, which also generates solutions. Methods Ninety five clinicians from 8 child and 8 adult services attended 16 focus groups to explore clinicians’ views on a) reducing the wait for diagnosis and b) providing a good quality diagnostic process with good adherence to clinical guidelines. During focus groups, quantitative data were fed back, used to frame discussions and facilitate solution focused action planning with each service. Sixteen local action plans were synthesised to create an ASD Action Plan for children and an ASD Action Plan for adults. Results Key solutions are proposed to support the reduction of the wait for diagnostic assessment, through reducing non-attendance rates, reducing inappropriate referrals, developing efficient working and communication and improving the effectiveness of care pathways. These are presented in actions plans for use by clinical teams. Conclusion The first step in addressing the clinical challenge of increased wait for diagnostic assessment of ASD is understanding the complex and multi-factorial reasons for delays. The action plans developed here through systematic enquiry and synthesis may provide clinical diagnostic teams with evidence based guidance on common challenges and solutions to guide future quality improvement programmes. Future research to evaluate whether using Action Plans leads to a reduction in waiting times would be of value. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.06.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

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