Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model / Karl LUNDIN in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1020-1035 Titre : Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1020-1035 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Disability  International Classification of Functioning  and Health  autism  cross-cultural  female autism phenotype  functioning  gender differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, we explored if professionals working with autistic people in different regions of the world perceive differences between females and males diagnosed with the condition. A total of 131 professionals responded to a survey that included an open question about gender differences in autism. Of these, 32 responded that they do not perceive gender differences in autism. The information provided by the other 99 experts was analyzed to identify common patterns. Three main differences were found, (1) Matching the clinical conceptualization of autism where professionals described differences in core symptoms of autism, and that autistic females were less similar to the conceptualization of autism. In (2) Co-existing problems, professionals described that autistic males display more apparent problems including hyperactivity, while autistic females were perceived as having more internalizing issues such as anxiety and eating disorders. In the last category, (3) Navigating the social environment, experts perceived autistic females as more socially motivated, and more inclined to camouflage social difficulties, making their challenges less evident. Professionals also perceived differences in the social environment, for example, that autistic girls receive more support from their peers while autistic boys are more often bullied. Our results suggest that professionals working in different parts of the world acknowledge gender differences in autism, but also that there might be some regional differences. Finally, we found that gender differences reported by the international professionals could largely be assessed with a shortened version of the International Classification of Functioning by the World Health Organization, specifically developed for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320975311 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Functional gender differences in autism: An international, multidisciplinary expert survey using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karl LUNDIN, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Johan ISAKSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.1020-1035. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1020-1035 Mots-clés : Disability  International Classification of Functioning  and Health  autism  cross-cultural  female autism phenotype  functioning  gender differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, we explored if professionals working with autistic people in different regions of the world perceive differences between females and males diagnosed with the condition. A total of 131 professionals responded to a survey that included an open question about gender differences in autism. Of these, 32 responded that they do not perceive gender differences in autism. The information provided by the other 99 experts was analyzed to identify common patterns. Three main differences were found, (1) Matching the clinical conceptualization of autism where professionals described differences in core symptoms of autism, and that autistic females were less similar to the conceptualization of autism. In (2) Co-existing problems, professionals described that autistic males display more apparent problems including hyperactivity, while autistic females were perceived as having more internalizing issues such as anxiety and eating disorders. In the last category, (3) Navigating the social environment, experts perceived autistic females as more socially motivated, and more inclined to camouflage social difficulties, making their challenges less evident. Professionals also perceived differences in the social environment, for example, that autistic girls receive more support from their peers while autistic boys are more often bullied. Our results suggest that professionals working in different parts of the world acknowledge gender differences in autism, but also that there might be some regional differences. Finally, we found that gender differences reported by the international professionals could largely be assessed with a shortened version of the International Classification of Functioning by the World Health Organization, specifically developed for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320975311 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Functioning and disability in autism spectrum disorder: A worldwide survey of experts / Elles DE SCHIPPER in Autism Research, 9-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-9 (September 2016) . - p.959-969 Titre : Functioning and disability in autism spectrum disorder: A worldwide survey of experts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elles DE SCHIPPER, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Petrus DE VRIES, Auteur ; Mats GRANLUND, Auteur ; Martin HOLTMANN, Auteur ; Sunil KARANDE, Auteur ; Omar ALMODAYFER, Auteur ; Cory SHULMAN, Auteur ; Bruce TONGE, Auteur ; Virginia C.N. WONG, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.959-969 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  neurodevelopmental disorder  assessment  child psychiatry  heterogeneity  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: This study is the second of four to prepare International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; and Children and Youth version, ICF(-CY)) Core Sets for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).The objective of this study was to survey the opinions and experiences of international experts on functioning and disability in ASD. Methods: Using a protocol stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and monitored by the ICF Research Branch, an email-based questionnaire was circulated worldwide among ASD experts, and meaningful functional ability and disability concepts were extracted from their responses. These concepts were then linked to the ICF(-CY) by two independent researchers using a standardized linking procedure. Results: N?=?225 experts from 10 different disciplines and all six WHO-regions completed the survey. Meaningful concepts from the responses were linked to 210 ICF(-CY) categories. Of these, 103 categories were considered most relevant to ASD (i.e., identified by at least 5% of the experts), of which 37 were related to Activities and Participation, 35 to Body functions, 22 to Environmental factors, and 9 to Body structures. A variety of personal characteristics and ASD-related functioning skills were provided by experts, including honesty, loyalty, attention to detail and creative talents. Reported gender differences in ASD comprised more externalizing behaviors among males and more internalizing behaviors in females. Conclusion: The ICF(-CY) categories derived from international expert opinions indicate that the impact of ASD on functioning extends far beyond core symptom domains. Autism Res 2016, 9: 959–969. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1592 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=294 [article] Functioning and disability in autism spectrum disorder: A worldwide survey of experts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elles DE SCHIPPER, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Petrus DE VRIES, Auteur ; Mats GRANLUND, Auteur ; Martin HOLTMANN, Auteur ; Sunil KARANDE, Auteur ; Omar ALMODAYFER, Auteur ; Cory SHULMAN, Auteur ; Bruce TONGE, Auteur ; Virginia C.N. WONG, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur . - p.959-969. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-9 (September 2016) . - p.959-969 Mots-clés : autism  neurodevelopmental disorder  assessment  child psychiatry  heterogeneity  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: This study is the second of four to prepare International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; and Children and Youth version, ICF(-CY)) Core Sets for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).The objective of this study was to survey the opinions and experiences of international experts on functioning and disability in ASD. Methods: Using a protocol stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and monitored by the ICF Research Branch, an email-based questionnaire was circulated worldwide among ASD experts, and meaningful functional ability and disability concepts were extracted from their responses. These concepts were then linked to the ICF(-CY) by two independent researchers using a standardized linking procedure. Results: N?=?225 experts from 10 different disciplines and all six WHO-regions completed the survey. Meaningful concepts from the responses were linked to 210 ICF(-CY) categories. Of these, 103 categories were considered most relevant to ASD (i.e., identified by at least 5% of the experts), of which 37 were related to Activities and Participation, 35 to Body functions, 22 to Environmental factors, and 9 to Body structures. A variety of personal characteristics and ASD-related functioning skills were provided by experts, including honesty, loyalty, attention to detail and creative talents. Reported gender differences in ASD comprised more externalizing behaviors among males and more internalizing behaviors in females. Conclusion: The ICF(-CY) categories derived from international expert opinions indicate that the impact of ASD on functioning extends far beyond core symptom domains. Autism Res 2016, 9: 959–969. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1592 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=294

Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults / Melissa H. BLACK in Autism Research, 13-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1195-1214 Titre : Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Benjamin MILBOURN, Auteur ; Melissa SCOTT, Auteur ; Alan GERBER, Auteur ; Christopher ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Alycia K. HALLADAY, Auteur ; Eva STRÖM, Auteur ; Axel D'ANGELO, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Sonya GIRDLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1195-1214 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  cross-cultural  employment  key stakeholders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Employment rates for autistic individuals are poor, even compared to those from other disability groups. Internationally, there remains limited understanding of the factors influencing employment across the stages of preparing for, gaining, and maintaining employment. This is the third in a series of studies conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) policy brief intended to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A multi-informant international survey with five key stakeholder groups, including autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers, and researchers, was undertaken in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand the facilitators and barriers to employment for autistic adults. A total of 687 individuals participated, including autistic individuals (n = 246), family members (n = 233), employers (n = 35), clinicians/service providers (n = 123), and researchers (n = 50). Perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to employment differed significantly across both key stakeholder groups and countries, however, ensuring a good job match and focusing on strengths were identified by all groups as important for success. Key barriers to employment included stigma, a lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication difficulties. Results suggest that a holistic approach to employment for autistic individuals is required, aimed at facilitating communication between key stakeholders, addressing attitudes and understanding of ASD in the workplace, using strength-based approaches and providing early work experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1195-1214. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic individuals experience significant difficulty getting and keeping a job. This article presents a survey study involving autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers and researchers in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand their perspectives on the factors that support or act as barriers to employment. While perspectives varied across key stakeholders, strategies such as using a holistic approach, targeting workplace attitudes and understanding, focusing on strengths, and providing early work experience are important for success. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2288 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429 [article] Multi-informant International Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Employment for Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa H. BLACK, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; Benjamin MILBOURN, Auteur ; Melissa SCOTT, Auteur ; Alan GERBER, Auteur ; Christopher ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Marita FALKMER, Auteur ; Matthew D LERNER, Auteur ; Alycia K. HALLADAY, Auteur ; Eva STRÖM, Auteur ; Axel D'ANGELO, Auteur ; Torbjörn FALKMER, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Sonya GIRDLER, Auteur . - p.1195-1214. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-7 (July 2020) . - p.1195-1214 Mots-clés : adults  autism  cross-cultural  employment  key stakeholders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Employment rates for autistic individuals are poor, even compared to those from other disability groups. Internationally, there remains limited understanding of the factors influencing employment across the stages of preparing for, gaining, and maintaining employment. This is the third in a series of studies conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) policy brief intended to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A multi-informant international survey with five key stakeholder groups, including autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers, and researchers, was undertaken in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand the facilitators and barriers to employment for autistic adults. A total of 687 individuals participated, including autistic individuals (n = 246), family members (n = 233), employers (n = 35), clinicians/service providers (n = 123), and researchers (n = 50). Perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to employment differed significantly across both key stakeholder groups and countries, however, ensuring a good job match and focusing on strengths were identified by all groups as important for success. Key barriers to employment included stigma, a lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and communication difficulties. Results suggest that a holistic approach to employment for autistic individuals is required, aimed at facilitating communication between key stakeholders, addressing attitudes and understanding of ASD in the workplace, using strength-based approaches and providing early work experience. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1195-1214. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic individuals experience significant difficulty getting and keeping a job. This article presents a survey study involving autistic individuals, their families, employers, service providers and researchers in Australia, Sweden, and the United States to understand their perspectives on the factors that support or act as barriers to employment. While perspectives varied across key stakeholders, strategies such as using a holistic approach, targeting workplace attitudes and understanding, focusing on strengths, and providing early work experience are important for success. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2288 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=429

Parental perspectives of functioning in their children with autism spectrum disorder: A global scoping review / Marisa VILJOEN in Autism, 25-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-1 (January 2021) . - p.176-198 Titre : Parental perspectives of functioning in their children with autism spectrum disorder: A global scoping review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; James SHELLY, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.176-198 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Disability and Health  International Classification of Functioning  autism spectrum disorder  disability  functioning  parental perspectives Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : No paper to date has summarized parents' views on the functional challenges and/or strengths of their children with autism spectrum disorder. In this review we set out to perform a scoping review aiming to (a) find and compare existing research from around the globe on parental perception of functioning and (b) summarize results from these papers using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Child and Youth version framework. Since we know that the place and circumstances we live in can have a significant influence on our functioning in daily life, we were specifically interested in comparing perceptions from high-income countries and low-/middle-income countries. Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of English studies published between 1990 and June 2016. Papers were summarized and key findings were linked to International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Child and Youth categories. Thirty-three studies were identified, of which most were conducted in high-income countries (n?=?25/33, 76%) with only six studies in low/middle-income countries (n?=?6/33, 18%). Two studies compared views from low/middle-income and high-income countries (n?=?2/33, 6%). Functional themes from high-income countries included a range across the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Child and Youth framework while functional themes from low-/middle-income countries were mostly focused on environmental factors. It was difficult to directly compare studies from low/middle-income and high-income countries because they investigated and discussed such different parts of functioning. We suggest that future research should use an approach that will allow researchers to directly compare functional categories in order to get a more accurate impression of the impact of context on functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320950055 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 [article] Parental perspectives of functioning in their children with autism spectrum disorder: A global scoping review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Soheil MAHDI, Auteur ; James SHELLY, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.176-198. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-1 (January 2021) . - p.176-198 Mots-clés : Disability and Health  International Classification of Functioning  autism spectrum disorder  disability  functioning  parental perspectives Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : No paper to date has summarized parents' views on the functional challenges and/or strengths of their children with autism spectrum disorder. In this review we set out to perform a scoping review aiming to (a) find and compare existing research from around the globe on parental perception of functioning and (b) summarize results from these papers using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Child and Youth version framework. Since we know that the place and circumstances we live in can have a significant influence on our functioning in daily life, we were specifically interested in comparing perceptions from high-income countries and low-/middle-income countries. Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of English studies published between 1990 and June 2016. Papers were summarized and key findings were linked to International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Child and Youth categories. Thirty-three studies were identified, of which most were conducted in high-income countries (n?=?25/33, 76%) with only six studies in low/middle-income countries (n?=?6/33, 18%). Two studies compared views from low/middle-income and high-income countries (n?=?2/33, 6%). Functional themes from high-income countries included a range across the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Child and Youth framework while functional themes from low-/middle-income countries were mostly focused on environmental factors. It was difficult to directly compare studies from low/middle-income and high-income countries because they investigated and discussed such different parts of functioning. We suggest that future research should use an approach that will allow researchers to directly compare functional categories in order to get a more accurate impression of the impact of context on functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320950055 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437

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