Autistic Children Quickly Orient Away from Both Eyes and Mouths During Face Observation / Lilja Kristin JONSDOTTIR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-1 (January 2023) . - p.495-502 Titre : Autistic Children Quickly Orient Away from Both Eyes and Mouths During Face Observation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lilja Kristin JONSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur ; Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.495-502 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies have supported two different hypotheses of reduced eye gaze in people with ASD; gaze avoidance and gaze indifference, while less is known about the role of anxiety. We tested these hypotheses using an eye-tracking paradigm that cued the eyes or mouth of emotional faces. Autistic children (n=12, mean age 7 years) looked faster away from both eyes and mouths than controls (n=22). This effect was not explained by anxiety symptoms. No difference was found in latency towards either area. These results indicate that attentional avoidance of autistic children is not specific to eyes, and that they do not show attentional indifference to eyes compared to controls. Atypicalities in visual scanning in ASD are possibly unrelated to specific facial areas. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05378-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493 [article] Autistic Children Quickly Orient Away from Both Eyes and Mouths During Face Observation [texte imprimé] / Lilja Kristin JONSDOTTIR, Auteur ; Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur ; Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur . - p.495-502. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-1 (January 2023) . - p.495-502 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies have supported two different hypotheses of reduced eye gaze in people with ASD; gaze avoidance and gaze indifference, while less is known about the role of anxiety. We tested these hypotheses using an eye-tracking paradigm that cued the eyes or mouth of emotional faces. Autistic children (n=12, mean age 7 years) looked faster away from both eyes and mouths than controls (n=22). This effect was not explained by anxiety symptoms. No difference was found in latency towards either area. These results indicate that attentional avoidance of autistic children is not specific to eyes, and that they do not show attentional indifference to eyes compared to controls. Atypicalities in visual scanning in ASD are possibly unrelated to specific facial areas. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05378-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493

Autistic Traits and Symptoms of Social Anxiety are Differentially Related to Attention to Others' Eyes in Social Anxiety Disorder / Johan Lundin KLEBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3814-3821 Titre : Autistic Traits and Symptoms of Social Anxiety are Differentially Related to Attention to Others' Eyes in Social Anxiety Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan Lundin KLEBERG, Auteur ; J. HOGSTROM, Auteur ; Martina NORD, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Eva SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p.3814-3821 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Avoidance  Broader autism phenotype  Eye tracking  Gaze avoidance  Orienting  Social anxiety disorder (SAD) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) have partly overlapping symptoms. Gaze avoidance has been linked to both SAD and ASD, but little is known about differences in social attention between the two conditions. We studied eye movements in a group of treatment-seeking adolescents with SAD (N = 25), assessing SAD and ASD dimensionally. The results indicated a double dissociation between two measures of social attention and the two symptom dimensions. Controlling for social anxiety, elevated autistic traits were associated with delayed orienting to eyes presented among distractors. In contrast, elevated social anxiety levels were associated with faster orienting away from the eyes, when controlling for autistic traits. This distinction deepens our understanding of ASD and SAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2978-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325 [article] Autistic Traits and Symptoms of Social Anxiety are Differentially Related to Attention to Others' Eyes in Social Anxiety Disorder [texte imprimé] / Johan Lundin KLEBERG, Auteur ; J. HOGSTROM, Auteur ; Martina NORD, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Eva SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - 2017 . - p.3814-3821. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3814-3821 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Avoidance  Broader autism phenotype  Eye tracking  Gaze avoidance  Orienting  Social anxiety disorder (SAD) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) have partly overlapping symptoms. Gaze avoidance has been linked to both SAD and ASD, but little is known about differences in social attention between the two conditions. We studied eye movements in a group of treatment-seeking adolescents with SAD (N = 25), assessing SAD and ASD dimensionally. The results indicated a double dissociation between two measures of social attention and the two symptom dimensions. Controlling for social anxiety, elevated autistic traits were associated with delayed orienting to eyes presented among distractors. In contrast, elevated social anxiety levels were associated with faster orienting away from the eyes, when controlling for autistic traits. This distinction deepens our understanding of ASD and SAD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2978-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325

Enhanced social learning of threat in adults with autism / Lisa ESPINOSA in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 71 p. Titre : Enhanced social learning of threat in adults with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lisa ESPINOSA, Auteur ; Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Björn HOFVANDER, Auteur ; Steve BERGGREN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Andreas OLSSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : 71 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Attention  Autism  Eye tracking  Skin conductance  Social cognition  Social fear learning  Vicarious threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators" through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine whether typically developing social cognition is necessary for successful observational learning. METHODS: Adults with ASD (n = 23) and neurotypical controls (n = 25) completed a social fear learning (SFL) procedure in which participants watched a "demonstrator" receiving electrical shocks in conjunction with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), but never with a safe control stimulus (CS-). Skin conductance was used to measure autonomic responses of learned threat responses to the CS+ versus CS-. Visual attention was measured during learning using eye tracking. To establish a non-social learning baseline, each participant also underwent a test of Pavlovian conditioning. RESULTS: During learning, individuals with ASD attended less to the demonstrator's face, and when later tested, displayed stronger observational, but not Pavlovian, autonomic indices of learning (skin conductance) compared to controls. In controls, both higher levels of attention to the demonstrator's face and trait empathy predicted diminished expressions of learning during test. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size of this study and the typical IQ range of the ASD group limit the generalizability of our findings to individuals with ASD in the average intellectual ability range. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00375-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Enhanced social learning of threat in adults with autism [texte imprimé] / Lisa ESPINOSA, Auteur ; Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Björn HOFVANDER, Auteur ; Steve BERGGREN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Andreas OLSSON, Auteur . - 71 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 71 p. Mots-clés : Anxiety  Attention  Autism  Eye tracking  Skin conductance  Social cognition  Social fear learning  Vicarious threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent theories have linked autism to challenges in prediction learning and social cognition. It is unknown, however, how autism affects learning about threats from others "demonstrators" through observation, which contains predictive learning based on social information. The aims of this study are therefore to investigate social fear learning in individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine whether typically developing social cognition is necessary for successful observational learning. METHODS: Adults with ASD (n = 23) and neurotypical controls (n = 25) completed a social fear learning (SFL) procedure in which participants watched a "demonstrator" receiving electrical shocks in conjunction with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), but never with a safe control stimulus (CS-). Skin conductance was used to measure autonomic responses of learned threat responses to the CS+ versus CS-. Visual attention was measured during learning using eye tracking. To establish a non-social learning baseline, each participant also underwent a test of Pavlovian conditioning. RESULTS: During learning, individuals with ASD attended less to the demonstrator's face, and when later tested, displayed stronger observational, but not Pavlovian, autonomic indices of learning (skin conductance) compared to controls. In controls, both higher levels of attention to the demonstrator's face and trait empathy predicted diminished expressions of learning during test. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size of this study and the typical IQ range of the ASD group limit the generalizability of our findings to individuals with ASD in the average intellectual ability range. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced social threat learning in individuals with ASD may be linked to difficulties using visual attention and mental state attributions to downregulate their emotion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00375-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Gaze Following in Children with Autism: Do High Interest Objects Boost Performance? / Emilia THORUP in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-3 (March 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-3 (March 2017) . - p.626-635 Titre : Gaze Following in Children with Autism: Do High Interest Objects Boost Performance? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emilia THORUP, Auteur ; Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.626-635 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gaze following  Joint attention  Circumscribed interests  Communication  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tested whether including objects perceived as highly interesting by children with autism during a gaze following task would result in increased first fixation durations on the target objects. It has previously been found that autistic children differentiate less between an object another person attends to and unattended objects in terms of this measure. Less differentiation between attended and unattended objects in ASD as compared to control children was found in a baseline condition, but not in the high interest condition. However, typically developing children differentiated less between attended and unattended objects in the high interest condition than in the baseline condition, possibly reflecting reduced influence of gaze cues on object processing when objects themselves are highly interesting. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2955-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 [article] Gaze Following in Children with Autism: Do High Interest Objects Boost Performance? [texte imprimé] / Emilia THORUP, Auteur ; Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.626-635. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-3 (March 2017) . - p.626-635 Mots-clés : Gaze following  Joint attention  Circumscribed interests  Communication  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tested whether including objects perceived as highly interesting by children with autism during a gaze following task would result in increased first fixation durations on the target objects. It has previously been found that autistic children differentiate less between an object another person attends to and unattended objects in terms of this measure. Less differentiation between attended and unattended objects in ASD as compared to control children was found in a baseline condition, but not in the high interest condition. However, typically developing children differentiated less between attended and unattended objects in the high interest condition than in the baseline condition, possibly reflecting reduced influence of gaze cues on object processing when objects themselves are highly interesting. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2955-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304

Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG in Development and Psychopathology, 33-3 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 33-3 (August 2021) . - p.767-777 Titre : Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Matilda A. FRICK, Auteur ; Karin C. BROCKI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.767-777 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : arousal  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  face perception  positive emotionality  pupil dilation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted emotional processes including impaired regulation of approach behavior and positive affect, irritability, and anger. Enhanced reactivity to emotional cues may be an underlying process. Pupil dilation is an indirect index of arousal, modulated by the autonomic nervous system and activity in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. In the current study, pupil dilation was recorded while 8- to 12- year old children (n = 71, 26 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 45 typically developing), viewed images of emotional faces. Parent-rated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were uniquely linked to higher pupil dilation to happy, but not fearful, angry, or neutral faces. This was not explained by comorbid externalizing symptoms. Together, these results suggest that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms are associated with hyperresponsiveness to approach-related emotional cues across a wide range of symptom severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000036 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457 [article] Increased pupil dilation to happy faces in children with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD [texte imprimé] / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG, Auteur ; Matilda A. FRICK, Auteur ; Karin C. BROCKI, Auteur . - p.767-777. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 33-3 (August 2021) . - p.767-777 Mots-clés : arousal  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  face perception  positive emotionality  pupil dilation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disrupted emotional processes including impaired regulation of approach behavior and positive affect, irritability, and anger. Enhanced reactivity to emotional cues may be an underlying process. Pupil dilation is an indirect index of arousal, modulated by the autonomic nervous system and activity in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. In the current study, pupil dilation was recorded while 8- to 12- year old children (n = 71, 26 with a diagnosis of ADHD and 45 typically developing), viewed images of emotional faces. Parent-rated hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were uniquely linked to higher pupil dilation to happy, but not fearful, angry, or neutral faces. This was not explained by comorbid externalizing symptoms. Together, these results suggest that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms are associated with hyperresponsiveness to approach-related emotional cues across a wide range of symptom severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000036 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457

Reduced visual disengagement but intact phasic alerting in young children with autism / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG in Autism Research, 10-3 (March 2017)  

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Sex Differences in Social Attention in Infants at Risk for Autism / Johan Lundin KLEBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-4 (April 2019)  

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Visual orienting in children with autism: Hyper-responsiveness to human eyes presented after a brief alerting audio-signal, but hyporesponsiveness to eyes presented without sound / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG in Autism Research, 10-2 (February 2017)  

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Williams syndrome: reduced orienting to other?s eyes in a hypersocial phenotype / Johan LUNDIN KLEBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-7 (July 2023)  

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