Altered task‐related modulation of long‐range connectivity in children with autism / Ajay S. PILLAI in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.245-257 Titre : Altered task‐related modulation of long‐range connectivity in children with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ajay S. PILLAI, Auteur ; Danielle MCAULIFFE, Auteur ; Balaji M. LAKSHMANAN, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Nathan E. CRONE, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p.245-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Functional connectivity differences between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children have been described in multiple datasets. However, few studies examine the task‐related changes in connectivity in disorder‐relevant behavioral paradigms. In this paper, we examined the task‐related changes in functional connectivity using EEG and a movement‐based paradigm that has behavioral relevance to ASD. Resting‐state studies motivated our hypothesis that children with ASD would show a decreased magnitude of functional connectivity during the performance of a motor‐control task. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, however, we observed that task‐related modulation of functional connectivity in children with ASD was in the direction opposite to that of TDs. The task‐related connectivity changes were correlated with clinical symptom scores. Our results suggest that children with ASD may have differences in cortical segregation/integration during the performance of a task, and that part of the differences in connectivity modulation may serve as a compensatory mechanism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 245–257. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Decreased connectivity between brain regions is thought to cause the symptoms of autism. Because most of our knowledge comes from data in which children are at rest, we do not know how connectivity changes directly lead to autistic behaviors, such as impaired gestures. When typically developing children produced complex movements, connectivity decreased between brain regions. In children with autism, connectivity increased. It may be that behavior‐related changes in brain connectivity are more important than absolute differences in connectivity in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1858 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334 [article] Altered task‐related modulation of long‐range connectivity in children with autism [texte imprimé] / Ajay S. PILLAI, Auteur ; Danielle MCAULIFFE, Auteur ; Balaji M. LAKSHMANAN, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Nathan E. CRONE, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur . - 2018 . - p.245-257. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-2 (February 2018) . - p.245-257 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Functional connectivity differences between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children have been described in multiple datasets. However, few studies examine the task‐related changes in connectivity in disorder‐relevant behavioral paradigms. In this paper, we examined the task‐related changes in functional connectivity using EEG and a movement‐based paradigm that has behavioral relevance to ASD. Resting‐state studies motivated our hypothesis that children with ASD would show a decreased magnitude of functional connectivity during the performance of a motor‐control task. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, however, we observed that task‐related modulation of functional connectivity in children with ASD was in the direction opposite to that of TDs. The task‐related connectivity changes were correlated with clinical symptom scores. Our results suggest that children with ASD may have differences in cortical segregation/integration during the performance of a task, and that part of the differences in connectivity modulation may serve as a compensatory mechanism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 245–257. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Decreased connectivity between brain regions is thought to cause the symptoms of autism. Because most of our knowledge comes from data in which children are at rest, we do not know how connectivity changes directly lead to autistic behaviors, such as impaired gestures. When typically developing children produced complex movements, connectivity decreased between brain regions. In children with autism, connectivity increased. It may be that behavior‐related changes in brain connectivity are more important than absolute differences in connectivity in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1858 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=334

Autism and Hierarchical Models of Intelligence / Huan CHEN ; Ericka L. WODKA ; Brian S. CAFFO ; Joshua B. EWEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-6 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-6 (June 2025) . - p.2034-2042 Titre : Autism and Hierarchical Models of Intelligence Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Huan CHEN, Auteur ; Ericka L. WODKA, Auteur ; Brian S. CAFFO, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2034-2042 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) employs a hierarchical model of general intelligence in which index scores separate out different clinically-relevant aspects of intelligence; the test is designed such that index scores are statistically independent from one another within the normative sample. Whether or not the existing index scores meet the desired psychometric property of being statistically independent within autistic samples is unknown. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05984-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556 [article] Autism and Hierarchical Models of Intelligence [texte imprimé] / Huan CHEN, Auteur ; Ericka L. WODKA, Auteur ; Brian S. CAFFO, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur . - p.2034-2042. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-6 (June 2025) . - p.2034-2042 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) employs a hierarchical model of general intelligence in which index scores separate out different clinically-relevant aspects of intelligence; the test is designed such that index scores are statistically independent from one another within the normative sample. Whether or not the existing index scores meet the desired psychometric property of being statistically independent within autistic samples is unknown. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05984-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556

Autism Symptom Presentation and Hierarchical Models of Intelligence / Michael A. LEVINE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 56-8 (August 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 56-8 (August 2026) . - p.3295-3302 Titre : Autism Symptom Presentation and Hierarchical Models of Intelligence Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael A. LEVINE, Auteur ; Huan CHEN, Auteur ; Ericka L. WODKA, Auteur ; Brian S. CAFFO, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3295-3302 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a substantial history studying the relationship between general intelligence and the core symptoms of autism. However, a gap in knowledge is how dimensional autism symptomatology associates with different components of clinically-relevant hierarchical models of intelligence. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06411-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=591 [article] Autism Symptom Presentation and Hierarchical Models of Intelligence [texte imprimé] / Michael A. LEVINE, Auteur ; Huan CHEN, Auteur ; Ericka L. WODKA, Auteur ; Brian S. CAFFO, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur . - p.3295-3302. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 56-8 (August 2026) . - p.3295-3302 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a substantial history studying the relationship between general intelligence and the core symptoms of autism. However, a gap in knowledge is how dimensional autism symptomatology associates with different components of clinically-relevant hierarchical models of intelligence. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06411-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=591

Challenging the Developmental Substructure Model for Autism: A Perspective From Causal Statistics / Sean MCWEENY in Autism Research, 19-8 (August 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 19-8 (August 2026) . - p.e70298 Titre : Challenging the Developmental Substructure Model for Autism: A Perspective From Causal Statistics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sean MCWEENY, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.e70298 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The extent to which core autism traits?social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs)?share a cause or have independent causes (e.g., fractionable triad model) has been a central debate in the field for decades. The latest iteration of this debate has reckoned with molecular genetic evidence that has largely failed to reproduce twin study heritability estimates. Against this backdrop, an alternative to the fractionable triad model?the developmental substructure model?was proposed by Constantino et al. in 2021. This model places a unitary, latent autism variable as the cause of the core phenotype. In the present Commentary, we showed that the developmental substructure model fails empirical tests derived from causal inference. Using published data, we demonstrated that correlations among core phenotype traits are largely the same in population samples as compared to autistic and non-autistic subsamples. Using simulations, we demonstrated that if latent autism were the cause of variance in core phenotype traits, then the correlations among the factors should reduce considerably after conditioning on autism. Although the developmental substructure model is well-reasoned and well-specified, it ultimately does not stand up to empirical evaluation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=589 [article] Challenging the Developmental Substructure Model for Autism: A Perspective From Causal Statistics [texte imprimé] / Sean MCWEENY, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur . - p.e70298. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 19-8 (August 2026) . - p.e70298 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The extent to which core autism traits?social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs)?share a cause or have independent causes (e.g., fractionable triad model) has been a central debate in the field for decades. The latest iteration of this debate has reckoned with molecular genetic evidence that has largely failed to reproduce twin study heritability estimates. Against this backdrop, an alternative to the fractionable triad model?the developmental substructure model?was proposed by Constantino et al. in 2021. This model places a unitary, latent autism variable as the cause of the core phenotype. In the present Commentary, we showed that the developmental substructure model fails empirical tests derived from causal inference. Using published data, we demonstrated that correlations among core phenotype traits are largely the same in population samples as compared to autistic and non-autistic subsamples. Using simulations, we demonstrated that if latent autism were the cause of variance in core phenotype traits, then the correlations among the factors should reduce considerably after conditioning on autism. Although the developmental substructure model is well-reasoned and well-specified, it ultimately does not stand up to empirical evaluation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=589

Dyspraxia in ASD: Impaired coordination of movement elements / Danielle MCAULIFFE in Autism Research, 10-4 (April 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-4 (April 2017) . - p.648-652 Titre : Dyspraxia in ASD: Impaired coordination of movement elements Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Danielle MCAULIFFE, Auteur ; Ajay S. PILLAI, Auteur ; Alyssa TIEDEMANN, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.648-652 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : dyspraxia  autism  motor planning  divided attention  multiple task interference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have long been known to have deficits in the performance of praxis gestures; these motor deficits also correlate with social and communicative deficits. To date, the precise nature of the errors involved in praxis has not been clearly mapped out. Based on observations of individuals with ASD performing gestures, we hypothesized that the simultaneous execution of multiple movement elements is especially impaired in affected children. We examined 25 school-aged participants with ASD and 25 age-matched controls performing seven simultaneous gestures that required the concurrent performance of movement elements and nine serial gestures, in which all elements were performed serially. There was indeed a group × gesture-type interaction (P < 0.001). Whereas both groups had greater difficulty performing simultaneous than serial gestures, children with ASD had a 2.6-times greater performance decrement with simultaneous (vs. serial) gestures than controls. These results point to a potential deficit in the simultaneous processing of multiple inputs and outputs in ASD. Such deficits could relate to models of social interaction that highlight the parallel-processing nature of social communication. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1693 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Dyspraxia in ASD: Impaired coordination of movement elements [texte imprimé] / Danielle MCAULIFFE, Auteur ; Ajay S. PILLAI, Auteur ; Alyssa TIEDEMANN, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Joshua B. EWEN, Auteur . - p.648-652. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-4 (April 2017) . - p.648-652 Mots-clés : dyspraxia  autism  motor planning  divided attention  multiple task interference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have long been known to have deficits in the performance of praxis gestures; these motor deficits also correlate with social and communicative deficits. To date, the precise nature of the errors involved in praxis has not been clearly mapped out. Based on observations of individuals with ASD performing gestures, we hypothesized that the simultaneous execution of multiple movement elements is especially impaired in affected children. We examined 25 school-aged participants with ASD and 25 age-matched controls performing seven simultaneous gestures that required the concurrent performance of movement elements and nine serial gestures, in which all elements were performed serially. There was indeed a group × gesture-type interaction (P < 0.001). Whereas both groups had greater difficulty performing simultaneous than serial gestures, children with ASD had a 2.6-times greater performance decrement with simultaneous (vs. serial) gestures than controls. These results point to a potential deficit in the simultaneous processing of multiple inputs and outputs in ASD. Such deficits could relate to models of social interaction that highlight the parallel-processing nature of social communication. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1693 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Epilepsy and Autism Severity: A Study of 6,975 Children / Joshua B. EWEN in Autism Research, 12-8 (August 2019)  

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Learning of skilled movements via imitation in ASD / Danielle MCAULIFFE in Autism Research, 13-5 (May 2020)  

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Mechanisms of Altered Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Ata KOLDAY ; Ericka L. WODKA ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY ; Brian S. CAFFO ; Joshua B. EWEN in Autism Research, 18-7 (July 2025)  

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