Infant social attention: an endophenotype of ASD-related traits? / Emily J.H. JONES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-3 (March 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-3 (March 2017) . - p.270-281 Titre : Infant social attention: an endophenotype of ASD-related traits? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily J.H. JONES, Auteur ; Kaitlin VENEMA, Auteur ; Rachel K. EARL, Auteur ; Rachel LOWY, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.270-281 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  infancy  endophenotype  social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background As a neurodevelopmental disorder, symptoms of ASD likely emerge from a complex interaction between preexisting genetic vulnerabilities and the child's environment. One way to understand causal paths to ASD is to identify dimensional ASD-related traits that vary in the general population and that predispose individuals with other risk factors toward ASD. Moving beyond behavioral traits to explore underlying neurocognitive processes may further constrain the underlying genetics. Endophenotypes are quantitative, heritable, trait-related differences that are generally assessed with laboratory-based methods, can be identified in the general population, and may be more closely tied to particular causal chains that have a more restricted set of genetic roots. The most fruitful endophenotypes may be those observed in infancy, prior to the emergence of behavioral symptoms that they are hypothesized to cause. Social motivation is an ASD-related trait that is highly heritable. In this study, we investigate whether infant endophenotypes of social attention relate to familial risk for lower social motivation in the general population. Methods We examined whether infant social attention (measured using habituation, EEG power, and event-related potential tasks previously used in infants/toddlers with ASD) varies quantitatively with parental social motivation in 117 six-month-old and 106 twelve-month-old typically developing infants assessed cross-sectionally. To assess heritable aspects of social motivation, primary caregiver biological parents completed two self-report measures of social avoidance and discomfort that have shown high heritability in previous work. Results Parents with higher social discomfort and avoidance had infants who showed shorter looks to faces but not objects; reduced theta power during naturalistic social attention; and smaller P400 responses to faces versus objects. Conclusions Early reductions in social attention are continuously related to lower parental social motivation. Alterations in social attention may be infant endophenotypes of social motivation traits related to ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Infant social attention: an endophenotype of ASD-related traits? [texte imprimé] / Emily J.H. JONES, Auteur ; Kaitlin VENEMA, Auteur ; Rachel K. EARL, Auteur ; Rachel LOWY, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur . - p.270-281. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-3 (March 2017) . - p.270-281 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  infancy  endophenotype  social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background As a neurodevelopmental disorder, symptoms of ASD likely emerge from a complex interaction between preexisting genetic vulnerabilities and the child's environment. One way to understand causal paths to ASD is to identify dimensional ASD-related traits that vary in the general population and that predispose individuals with other risk factors toward ASD. Moving beyond behavioral traits to explore underlying neurocognitive processes may further constrain the underlying genetics. Endophenotypes are quantitative, heritable, trait-related differences that are generally assessed with laboratory-based methods, can be identified in the general population, and may be more closely tied to particular causal chains that have a more restricted set of genetic roots. The most fruitful endophenotypes may be those observed in infancy, prior to the emergence of behavioral symptoms that they are hypothesized to cause. Social motivation is an ASD-related trait that is highly heritable. In this study, we investigate whether infant endophenotypes of social attention relate to familial risk for lower social motivation in the general population. Methods We examined whether infant social attention (measured using habituation, EEG power, and event-related potential tasks previously used in infants/toddlers with ASD) varies quantitatively with parental social motivation in 117 six-month-old and 106 twelve-month-old typically developing infants assessed cross-sectionally. To assess heritable aspects of social motivation, primary caregiver biological parents completed two self-report measures of social avoidance and discomfort that have shown high heritability in previous work. Results Parents with higher social discomfort and avoidance had infants who showed shorter looks to faces but not objects; reduced theta power during naturalistic social attention; and smaller P400 responses to faces versus objects. Conclusions Early reductions in social attention are continuously related to lower parental social motivation. Alterations in social attention may be infant endophenotypes of social motivation traits related to ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

Reduced engagement with social stimuli in 6-month-old infants with later autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of infants at high familial risk / Emily J.H. JONES in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8-1 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.7 Titre : Reduced engagement with social stimuli in 6-month-old infants with later autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of infants at high familial risk Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emily J.H. JONES, Auteur ; Kaitlin VENEMA, Auteur ; Rachel K. EARL, Auteur ; R. LOWY, Auteur ; Katherine BARNES, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Event-related potential  Habituation  Social attention  Social information processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 1 % of the population and close to 20 % of prospectively studied infants with an older sibling with ASD. Although significant progress has been made in characterizing the emergence of behavioral symptoms of ASD, far less is known about the underlying disruptions to early learning. Recent models suggest that core aspects of the causal path to ASD may only be apparent in early infancy. Here, we investigated social attention in 6- and 12-month-old infants who did and did not meet criteria for ASD at 24 months using both cognitive and electrophysiological methods. We hypothesized that a reduction in attention engagement to faces would be associated with later ASD. METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal design, we used measures of both visual attention (habituation) and brain function (event-related potentials to faces and objects) at 6 and 12 months and investigated the relationship to ASD outcome at 24 months. RESULTS: High-risk infants who met criteria for ASD at 24 months showed shorter epochs of visual attention, faster but less prolonged neural activation to faces, and delayed sensitization responses (increases in looking) to faces at 6 months; these differences were less apparent at 12 months. These findings are consistent with disrupted engagement of sustained attention to social stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there may be fundamental early disruptions to attention engagement that may have cascading consequences for later social functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9139-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=348 [article] Reduced engagement with social stimuli in 6-month-old infants with later autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of infants at high familial risk [texte imprimé] / Emily J.H. JONES, Auteur ; Kaitlin VENEMA, Auteur ; Rachel K. EARL, Auteur ; R. LOWY, Auteur ; Katherine BARNES, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur . - p.7. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.7 Mots-clés : Asd  Event-related potential  Habituation  Social attention  Social information processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 1 % of the population and close to 20 % of prospectively studied infants with an older sibling with ASD. Although significant progress has been made in characterizing the emergence of behavioral symptoms of ASD, far less is known about the underlying disruptions to early learning. Recent models suggest that core aspects of the causal path to ASD may only be apparent in early infancy. Here, we investigated social attention in 6- and 12-month-old infants who did and did not meet criteria for ASD at 24 months using both cognitive and electrophysiological methods. We hypothesized that a reduction in attention engagement to faces would be associated with later ASD. METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal design, we used measures of both visual attention (habituation) and brain function (event-related potentials to faces and objects) at 6 and 12 months and investigated the relationship to ASD outcome at 24 months. RESULTS: High-risk infants who met criteria for ASD at 24 months showed shorter epochs of visual attention, faster but less prolonged neural activation to faces, and delayed sensitization responses (increases in looking) to faces at 6 months; these differences were less apparent at 12 months. These findings are consistent with disrupted engagement of sustained attention to social stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there may be fundamental early disruptions to attention engagement that may have cascading consequences for later social functioning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9139-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=348

A Screening Tool to Measure Eye Contact Avoidance in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome / Scott S. HALL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-7 (July 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.2254-2264 Titre : A Screening Tool to Measure Eye Contact Avoidance in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Scott S. HALL, Auteur ; Kaitlin M. VENEMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2254-2264 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fragile X syndrome  Screening tool  Eye gaze  Factor analysis  Psychometrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS), a new 15-item screening tool designed to measure eye contact avoidance in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Internal consistency of the scale was acceptable to excellent and convergent validity with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) and the Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale (ADAMS) was good. Boys with a comorbid ASD diagnosis obtained significantly higher scores on the ECAS compared to boys without ASD, when controlling for communication ability. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor model (avoidance and aversion) provided an excellent fit to the data. The ECAS appears to be a promising reliable and valid tool that could be employed as an outcome measure in future pharmacological/behavioral treatment trials for FXS. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3139-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=314 [article] A Screening Tool to Measure Eye Contact Avoidance in Boys with Fragile X Syndrome [texte imprimé] / Scott S. HALL, Auteur ; Kaitlin M. VENEMA, Auteur . - p.2254-2264. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.2254-2264 Mots-clés : Fragile X syndrome  Screening tool  Eye gaze  Factor analysis  Psychometrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the reliability, validity and factor structure of the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS), a new 15-item screening tool designed to measure eye contact avoidance in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Internal consistency of the scale was acceptable to excellent and convergent validity with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) and the Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale (ADAMS) was good. Boys with a comorbid ASD diagnosis obtained significantly higher scores on the ECAS compared to boys without ASD, when controlling for communication ability. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor model (avoidance and aversion) provided an excellent fit to the data. The ECAS appears to be a promising reliable and valid tool that could be employed as an outcome measure in future pharmacological/behavioral treatment trials for FXS. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3139-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=314

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