Attentional threat avoidance and familial risk are independently associated with childhood anxiety disorders / Hannah M. BROWN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-6 (June 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-6 (June 2013) . - p.678-685 Titre : Attentional threat avoidance and familial risk are independently associated with childhood anxiety disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah M. BROWN, Auteur ; Tom A. MCADAMS, Auteur ; Kathryn J. LESTER, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Thalia C. ELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.678-685 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  attention  children  familial risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Twin studies in children reveal that familial aggregation of anxiety disorders is due to both genetic and environmental factors. Cognitive biases for threat information are considered a robust characteristic of childhood anxiety. However, little is known regarding the underlying aetiology of such biases and their role in anxiety disorders. Method: A face version of the dot-probe task measuring attentional biases for negative (anger, fear, sad, disgust) and positive (happy) facial expressions was completed by 600, 8-year-old twins; the largest study of its kind. Twin correlations for attentional bias scores were compared to estimate genetic and environmental effects. Parent-report diagnostic interviews identified children with an anxiety disorder. Indices of inferred genetic and familial risk for anxiety disorders were created for each child. Data were analysed using a series of logistic regressions. Results: Anxious children showed greater attentional avoidance of negative faces than nonanxious children; t (548) = 2.55, p .05. Attentional avoidance was not under genetic or shared environmental influence. Risk for anxiety disorders was predicted by familial factors. Both attentional avoidance and inferred familial risk were significant but independent predictors of anxiety disorders (ORs = .65 and 3.64, respectively). Conclusions: Anxiety-related attentional biases and familial risk play important but independent roles in childhood anxiety disorders. If replicated, these findings indicate that links between genetic risk and anxiety disorders lie outside the domain of attentional processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12024 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200 [article] Attentional threat avoidance and familial risk are independently associated with childhood anxiety disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah M. BROWN, Auteur ; Tom A. MCADAMS, Auteur ; Kathryn J. LESTER, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Thalia C. ELEY, Auteur . - p.678-685. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-6 (June 2013) . - p.678-685 Mots-clés : Anxiety  attention  children  familial risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Twin studies in children reveal that familial aggregation of anxiety disorders is due to both genetic and environmental factors. Cognitive biases for threat information are considered a robust characteristic of childhood anxiety. However, little is known regarding the underlying aetiology of such biases and their role in anxiety disorders. Method: A face version of the dot-probe task measuring attentional biases for negative (anger, fear, sad, disgust) and positive (happy) facial expressions was completed by 600, 8-year-old twins; the largest study of its kind. Twin correlations for attentional bias scores were compared to estimate genetic and environmental effects. Parent-report diagnostic interviews identified children with an anxiety disorder. Indices of inferred genetic and familial risk for anxiety disorders were created for each child. Data were analysed using a series of logistic regressions. Results: Anxious children showed greater attentional avoidance of negative faces than nonanxious children; t (548) = 2.55, p .05. Attentional avoidance was not under genetic or shared environmental influence. Risk for anxiety disorders was predicted by familial factors. Both attentional avoidance and inferred familial risk were significant but independent predictors of anxiety disorders (ORs = .65 and 3.64, respectively). Conclusions: Anxiety-related attentional biases and familial risk play important but independent roles in childhood anxiety disorders. If replicated, these findings indicate that links between genetic risk and anxiety disorders lie outside the domain of attentional processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12024 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200

Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Titre : Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.623-633 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306 [article] Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Patrick SMITH, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Clare DIXON, Auteur ; David TRICKEY, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Adrian BOYLE, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Ian GOODYER, Auteur ; Tim DALGLEISH, Auteur . - p.623-633. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.623-633 Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress disorder  cognitive therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Few efficacious early treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents exist. Previous trials have intervened within the first month post-trauma and focused on secondary prevention of later post-traumatic stress; however, considerable natural recovery may still occur up to 6-months post-trauma. No trials have addressed the early treatment of established PTSD (i.e. 2- to 6-months post-trauma). Methods Twenty-nine youth (8–17 years) with PTSD (according to age-appropriate DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria) after a single-event trauma in the previous 2–6 months were randomly allocated to Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; n = 14) or waiting list (WL; n = 15) for 10 weeks. Results Significantly more participants were free of PTSD after CT-PTSD (71%) than WL (27%) at posttreatment (intent-to-treat, 95% CI for difference .04–.71). CT-PTSD yielded greater improvement on child-report questionnaire measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety; clinician-rated functioning; and parent-reported outcomes. Recovery after CT-PTSD was maintained at 6- and 12-month posttreatment. Beneficial effects of CT-PTSD were mediated through changes in appraisals and safety-seeking behaviours, as predicted by cognitive models of PTSD. CT-PTSD was considered acceptable on the basis of low dropout and high treatment credibility and therapist alliance ratings. Conclusions This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy and acceptability of CT-PTSD as an early treatment for PTSD in youth. Moreover, the trial did not support the extension of ‘watchful waiting’ into the 2- to 6-month post-trauma window, as significant improvements in the WL arm (particularly in terms of functioning and depression) were not observed. Replication in larger samples is needed, but attention to recruitment issues will be required. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306

Feeling anxious: a twin study of panic/somatic ratings, anxiety sensitivity and heartbeat perception in children / Thalia C. ELEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-12 (December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-12 (December 2007) . - p.1184–1191 Titre : Feeling anxious: a twin study of panic/somatic ratings, anxiety sensitivity and heartbeat perception in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thalia C. ELEY, Auteur ; Alice M. GREGORY, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1184–1191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Heartbeat-perception-(HBP) anxiety-sensitivity panic-attacks genetic twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Little is known about mechanisms of genetic influence on panic, particularly in childhood. Cognitive theories of panic disorder highlight threatening interpretations of physical sensations, and increased awareness of such sensations. Specifically, anxiety sensitivity (AS) and heartbeat perception (HBP) have been associated with panic in adults and children. We examined genetic and environmental influences on childhood AS, HBP, panic/somatic ratings, and their associations. Methods: Self-ratings of AS and DSM-based anxiety (including panic/somatic items) were obtained from 300 eight-year-old twin pairs (600 individuals), selected for mother-rated child anxiety at age 7. HBP was also assessed. Results: Panic/somatic ratings were significantly correlated with both AS (r = .55) and continuous HBP error scores (r = −.13). AS and HBP scores showed significantly greater correlations with panic/somatic ratings than with all other anxiety scales, except for HBP and school anxiety. Genetic influences on panic/somatic ratings were modest (15%), and moderate for both AS (37%), and HBP (30%). Non-shared environmental influences were substantial. The genetic correlations between panic/somatic ratings and both AS and HBP error scores were .98 (95% CI: .74–1.00) and −.46 (95% CI: −1.00–1.00) respectively. Conclusions: Self-ratings of panic and AS overlap genetically. Future research should consider whether AS mediates genetic risk for panic disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01838.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309 [article] Feeling anxious: a twin study of panic/somatic ratings, anxiety sensitivity and heartbeat perception in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thalia C. ELEY, Auteur ; Alice M. GREGORY, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur ; Anke EHLERS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1184–1191. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-12 (December 2007) . - p.1184–1191 Mots-clés : Heartbeat-perception-(HBP) anxiety-sensitivity panic-attacks genetic twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Little is known about mechanisms of genetic influence on panic, particularly in childhood. Cognitive theories of panic disorder highlight threatening interpretations of physical sensations, and increased awareness of such sensations. Specifically, anxiety sensitivity (AS) and heartbeat perception (HBP) have been associated with panic in adults and children. We examined genetic and environmental influences on childhood AS, HBP, panic/somatic ratings, and their associations. Methods: Self-ratings of AS and DSM-based anxiety (including panic/somatic items) were obtained from 300 eight-year-old twin pairs (600 individuals), selected for mother-rated child anxiety at age 7. HBP was also assessed. Results: Panic/somatic ratings were significantly correlated with both AS (r = .55) and continuous HBP error scores (r = −.13). AS and HBP scores showed significantly greater correlations with panic/somatic ratings than with all other anxiety scales, except for HBP and school anxiety. Genetic influences on panic/somatic ratings were modest (15%), and moderate for both AS (37%), and HBP (30%). Non-shared environmental influences were substantial. The genetic correlations between panic/somatic ratings and both AS and HBP error scores were .98 (95% CI: .74–1.00) and −.46 (95% CI: −1.00–1.00) respectively. Conclusions: Self-ratings of panic and AS overlap genetically. Future research should consider whether AS mediates genetic risk for panic disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01838.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=309

Internet-delivered therapist-assisted cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action / Eleanor LEIGH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.145-155 Titre : Internet-delivered therapist-assisted cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eleanor LEIGH, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.145-155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cognitive therapy for SAD (CT-SAD) is a first-line recommended treatment for adult social anxiety disorder (SAD) and shows considerable promise for youth. However, the high prevalence of adolescent SAD and limited number of therapists presents an implementation challenge. Delivery of CT-SAD via the Internet may offer part of the solution. Method Forty-three youth (14-18 years) with SAD recruited through schools were randomly allocated to therapist-assisted Internet-delivered CT-SAD (called OSCA) or waitlist for 14 weeks (ISRCTN15079139). Results OSCA outperformed waitlist on all measures and was associated with large effects that were maintained at 6-month follow-up. In the OSCA arm, 77% of adolescents lost their SAD diagnosis at post (vs. 14% in the waitlist arm), increasing to 91% at 6-months. Beneficial effects of OSCA were mediated through changes in cognitions and safety behaviours as predicted by cognitive models of SAD. OSCA was associated with high credibility and therapeutic alliance. Conclusions This preliminary trial suggests OSCA holds promise as an effective, accessible treatment for adolescent SAD. Future definitive trials could compare OSCA to active comparators to examine specificity of effects. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13680 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Internet-delivered therapist-assisted cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eleanor LEIGH, Auteur ; David M. CLARK, Auteur . - p.145-155. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.145-155 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cognitive therapy for SAD (CT-SAD) is a first-line recommended treatment for adult social anxiety disorder (SAD) and shows considerable promise for youth. However, the high prevalence of adolescent SAD and limited number of therapists presents an implementation challenge. Delivery of CT-SAD via the Internet may offer part of the solution. Method Forty-three youth (14-18 years) with SAD recruited through schools were randomly allocated to therapist-assisted Internet-delivered CT-SAD (called OSCA) or waitlist for 14 weeks (ISRCTN15079139). Results OSCA outperformed waitlist on all measures and was associated with large effects that were maintained at 6-month follow-up. In the OSCA arm, 77% of adolescents lost their SAD diagnosis at post (vs. 14% in the waitlist arm), increasing to 91% at 6-months. Beneficial effects of OSCA were mediated through changes in cognitions and safety behaviours as predicted by cognitive models of SAD. OSCA was associated with high credibility and therapeutic alliance. Conclusions This preliminary trial suggests OSCA holds promise as an effective, accessible treatment for adolescent SAD. Future definitive trials could compare OSCA to active comparators to examine specificity of effects. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13680 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

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