Empathic Accuracy and Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Young Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder / K. MCKENZIE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2004-2018 Titre : Empathic Accuracy and Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Young Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. MCKENZIE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; D. GOLM, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2004-2018 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Emotions  Empathy  Humans  Self Report  Young Adult  Asd  Affective empathy  Alexithymia  Autism  Empathic accuracy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated whether young adults with ASD (n=29) had impairments in Cognitive Empathy (CE), Affective Empathy (AE) or Empathic Accuracy (EA; the ability to track changes in others' thoughts and feelings) compared to typically-developing individuals (n=31) using the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT), which involves watching narrators recollecting emotionally-charged autobiographical events. Participants provided continuous ratings of the narrators' emotional intensity (indexing EA), labelled the emotions displayed (CE) and reported whether they shared the depicted emotions (AE). The ASD group showed deficits in EA for anger but did not differ from typically-developing participants in CE or AE on the EAT. The ASD group also reported lower CE (Perspective Taking) and AE (Empathic Concern) on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, a self-report questionnaire. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05093-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Empathic Accuracy and Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Young Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. MCKENZIE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; D. GOLM, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur . - p.2004-2018. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2004-2018 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Emotions  Empathy  Humans  Self Report  Young Adult  Asd  Affective empathy  Alexithymia  Autism  Empathic accuracy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated whether young adults with ASD (n=29) had impairments in Cognitive Empathy (CE), Affective Empathy (AE) or Empathic Accuracy (EA; the ability to track changes in others' thoughts and feelings) compared to typically-developing individuals (n=31) using the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT), which involves watching narrators recollecting emotionally-charged autobiographical events. Participants provided continuous ratings of the narrators' emotional intensity (indexing EA), labelled the emotions displayed (CE) and reported whether they shared the depicted emotions (AE). The ASD group showed deficits in EA for anger but did not differ from typically-developing participants in CE or AE on the EAT. The ASD group also reported lower CE (Perspective Taking) and AE (Empathic Concern) on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, a self-report questionnaire. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05093-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Facial emotion recognition and eye movement behaviour in conduct disorder / N.A. MARTIN?KEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-3 (March 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-3 (March 2018) . - p.247-257 Titre : Facial emotion recognition and eye movement behaviour in conduct disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N.A. MARTIN?KEY, Auteur ; E.W. GRAF, Auteur ; W.J. ADAMS, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.247-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct Disorder (CD) is associated with impairments in facial emotion recognition. However, it is unclear whether such deficits are explained by a failure to attend to emotionally informative face regions, such as the eyes, or by problems in the appraisal of emotional cues. Method Male and female adolescents with CD and varying levels of callous?unemotional (CU) traits and age? and sex?matched typically developing (TD) controls (aged 13–18) categorised the emotion of dynamic and morphed static faces. Concurrent eye tracking was used to relate categorisation performance to participants' allocation of overt attention. Results Adolescents with CD were worse at emotion recognition than TD controls, with deficits observed across static and dynamic expressions. In addition, the CD group fixated less on the eyes when viewing fearful and sad expressions. Across all participants, higher levels of CU traits were associated with fear recognition deficits and reduced attention to the eyes of surprised faces. Within the CD group, however, higher CU traits were associated with better fear recognition. Overall, males were worse at recognising emotions than females and displayed a reduced tendency to fixate the eyes. Discussion Adolescents with CD, and particularly males, showed deficits in emotion recognition and fixated less on the eyes when viewing emotional faces. Individual differences in fixation behaviour predicted modest variations in emotion categorisation. However, group differences in fixation were small and did not explain the much larger group differences in categorisation performance, suggesting that CD?related deficits in emotion recognition were not mediated by abnormal fixation patterns. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12795 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=339 [article] Facial emotion recognition and eye movement behaviour in conduct disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N.A. MARTIN?KEY, Auteur ; E.W. GRAF, Auteur ; W.J. ADAMS, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur . - p.247-257. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-3 (March 2018) . - p.247-257 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct Disorder (CD) is associated with impairments in facial emotion recognition. However, it is unclear whether such deficits are explained by a failure to attend to emotionally informative face regions, such as the eyes, or by problems in the appraisal of emotional cues. Method Male and female adolescents with CD and varying levels of callous?unemotional (CU) traits and age? and sex?matched typically developing (TD) controls (aged 13–18) categorised the emotion of dynamic and morphed static faces. Concurrent eye tracking was used to relate categorisation performance to participants' allocation of overt attention. Results Adolescents with CD were worse at emotion recognition than TD controls, with deficits observed across static and dynamic expressions. In addition, the CD group fixated less on the eyes when viewing fearful and sad expressions. Across all participants, higher levels of CU traits were associated with fear recognition deficits and reduced attention to the eyes of surprised faces. Within the CD group, however, higher CU traits were associated with better fear recognition. Overall, males were worse at recognising emotions than females and displayed a reduced tendency to fixate the eyes. Discussion Adolescents with CD, and particularly males, showed deficits in emotion recognition and fixated less on the eyes when viewing emotional faces. Individual differences in fixation behaviour predicted modest variations in emotion categorisation. However, group differences in fixation were small and did not explain the much larger group differences in categorisation performance, suggesting that CD?related deficits in emotion recognition were not mediated by abnormal fixation patterns. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12795 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=339

Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder / K. KONRAD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-2 (February 2022) . - p.218-228 Titre : Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. KONRAD, Auteur ; G. KOHLS, Auteur ; S. BAUMANN, Auteur ; A. BERNHARD, Auteur ; A. MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Katharina ACKERMANN, Auteur ; A. SMARAGDI, Auteur ; K. GONZALEZ-MADRUGA, Auteur ; A. WELLS, Auteur ; J. C. ROGERS, Auteur ; R. PAULI, Auteur ; R. CLANTON, Auteur ; R. BAKER, Auteur ; L. KERSTEN, Auteur ; M. PRÄTZLICH, Auteur ; H. OLDENHOF, Auteur ; L. JANSEN, Auteur ; A. KLEEVEN, Auteur ; Aitana BIGORRA, Auteur ; A. HERVAS, Auteur ; I. KEREXETA-LIZEAGA, Auteur ; E. SESMA-PARDO, Auteur ; M. ANGEL GONZALEZ-TORRES, Auteur ; R. SIKLÓSI, Auteur ; R. DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Z. KALOGERAKIS, Auteur ; M. PIRLYMPOU, Auteur ; L. PAPADAKOS, Auteur ; H. CORNWELL, Auteur ; W. SCHARKE, Auteur ; Dimitris DIKEOS, Auteur ; A. FERNÁNDEZ-RIVAS, Auteur ; A. POPMA, Auteur ; C. STADLER, Auteur ; B. HERPERTZ-DAHLMANN, Auteur ; Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; C. M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.218-228 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  psychiatric comorbidity  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Conduct disorder (CD) rarely occurs alone but is typically accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders, which complicates the clinical presentation and treatment of affected youths. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in comorbidity pattern in CD and to systematically explore the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses of female CD. METHODS: As part of the FemNAT-CD multisite study, semistructured clinical interviews and rating scales were used to perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of 454 girls and 295 boys with CD (9-18?years), compared to 864 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls. RESULTS: Girls with CD exhibited higher rates of current major depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder, whereas boys with CD had higher rates of current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In line with the 'gender paradox' hypothesis, relative to boys, girls with CD showed significantly more lifetime psychiatric comorbidities (incl. Alcohol Use Disorder), which were accompanied by more severe CD symptoms. Female and male youths with CD also differed significantly in their CD symptom profiles and distribution of age-of-onset subtypes of CD (i.e. fewer girls with childhood-onset CD). In line with the 'delayed-onset pathway' hypothesis, girls with adolescent-onset CD showed similar levels of dimensional psychopathology like boys with childhood-onset CD, while boys with adolescent-onset CD had the lowest levels of internalizing psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Within the largest study of CD in girls performed to date, we found compelling evidence for sex differences in comorbidity patterns and clinical presentation of CD. Our findings further support aspects of the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses by showing that girls with CD had higher rates of comorbid lifetime mental disorders and functional impairments, and they usually developed CD during adolescence. These novel data on sex-specific clinical profiles of CD will be critical in informing intervention and prevention programmes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457 [article] Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. KONRAD, Auteur ; G. KOHLS, Auteur ; S. BAUMANN, Auteur ; A. BERNHARD, Auteur ; A. MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Katharina ACKERMANN, Auteur ; A. SMARAGDI, Auteur ; K. GONZALEZ-MADRUGA, Auteur ; A. WELLS, Auteur ; J. C. ROGERS, Auteur ; R. PAULI, Auteur ; R. CLANTON, Auteur ; R. BAKER, Auteur ; L. KERSTEN, Auteur ; M. PRÄTZLICH, Auteur ; H. OLDENHOF, Auteur ; L. JANSEN, Auteur ; A. KLEEVEN, Auteur ; Aitana BIGORRA, Auteur ; A. HERVAS, Auteur ; I. KEREXETA-LIZEAGA, Auteur ; E. SESMA-PARDO, Auteur ; M. ANGEL GONZALEZ-TORRES, Auteur ; R. SIKLÓSI, Auteur ; R. DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Z. KALOGERAKIS, Auteur ; M. PIRLYMPOU, Auteur ; L. PAPADAKOS, Auteur ; H. CORNWELL, Auteur ; W. SCHARKE, Auteur ; Dimitris DIKEOS, Auteur ; A. FERNÁNDEZ-RIVAS, Auteur ; A. POPMA, Auteur ; C. STADLER, Auteur ; B. HERPERTZ-DAHLMANN, Auteur ; Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; C. M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.218-228. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-2 (February 2022) . - p.218-228 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  psychiatric comorbidity  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Conduct disorder (CD) rarely occurs alone but is typically accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders, which complicates the clinical presentation and treatment of affected youths. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in comorbidity pattern in CD and to systematically explore the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses of female CD. METHODS: As part of the FemNAT-CD multisite study, semistructured clinical interviews and rating scales were used to perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of 454 girls and 295 boys with CD (9-18?years), compared to 864 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls. RESULTS: Girls with CD exhibited higher rates of current major depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder, whereas boys with CD had higher rates of current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In line with the 'gender paradox' hypothesis, relative to boys, girls with CD showed significantly more lifetime psychiatric comorbidities (incl. Alcohol Use Disorder), which were accompanied by more severe CD symptoms. Female and male youths with CD also differed significantly in their CD symptom profiles and distribution of age-of-onset subtypes of CD (i.e. fewer girls with childhood-onset CD). In line with the 'delayed-onset pathway' hypothesis, girls with adolescent-onset CD showed similar levels of dimensional psychopathology like boys with childhood-onset CD, while boys with adolescent-onset CD had the lowest levels of internalizing psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Within the largest study of CD in girls performed to date, we found compelling evidence for sex differences in comorbidity patterns and clinical presentation of CD. Our findings further support aspects of the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses by showing that girls with CD had higher rates of comorbid lifetime mental disorders and functional impairments, and they usually developed CD during adolescence. These novel data on sex-specific clinical profiles of CD will be critical in informing intervention and prevention programmes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457

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