Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder: A clinical effectiveness study / O. FLYGARE in Autism, 24-1 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-1 (January 2020) . - p.190-199 Titre : Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder: A clinical effectiveness study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : O. FLYGARE, Auteur ; E. ANDERSSON, Auteur ; H. RINGBERG, Auteur ; A. C. HELLSTADIUS, Auteur ; J. EDBACKEN, Auteur ; J. ENANDER, Auteur ; M. DAHL, Auteur ; K. ASPVALL, Auteur ; I. WINDH, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; D. MATAIX-COLS, Auteur ; C. RUCK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.190-199 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognitive behavior therapy  obsessive-compulsive disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder commonly co-occur. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder has not previously been evaluated outside the United Kingdom. In this study, 19 adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder were treated using an adapted cognitive behavior therapy protocol that consisted of 20 sessions focused on exposure with response prevention. The primary outcome was the clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Participants were assessed up to 3 months after treatment. There were significant reductions on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale at post-treatment (d = 1.5), and improvements were sustained at follow-up (d = 1.2). Self-rated obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive symptoms showed statistically significant reductions. Improvements in general functioning and quality of life were statistically non-significant. Three participants (16%) were responders at post-treatment and four (21%) were in remission from obsessive-compulsive disorder. At follow-up, three participants (16%) were responders and one (5%) was in full remission. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder is associated with reductions in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depressive symptoms. However, outcomes are modest; few patients were completely symptom free, and treatment engagement was low with few completed exposures and low adherence to homework assignments. We identify and discuss the need for further treatment refinement for this vulnerable group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319856974 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 [article] Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder: A clinical effectiveness study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / O. FLYGARE, Auteur ; E. ANDERSSON, Auteur ; H. RINGBERG, Auteur ; A. C. HELLSTADIUS, Auteur ; J. EDBACKEN, Auteur ; J. ENANDER, Auteur ; M. DAHL, Auteur ; K. ASPVALL, Auteur ; I. WINDH, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; D. MATAIX-COLS, Auteur ; C. RUCK, Auteur . - p.190-199. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-1 (January 2020) . - p.190-199 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognitive behavior therapy  obsessive-compulsive disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder commonly co-occur. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder has not previously been evaluated outside the United Kingdom. In this study, 19 adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder were treated using an adapted cognitive behavior therapy protocol that consisted of 20 sessions focused on exposure with response prevention. The primary outcome was the clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Participants were assessed up to 3 months after treatment. There were significant reductions on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale at post-treatment (d = 1.5), and improvements were sustained at follow-up (d = 1.2). Self-rated obsessive-compulsive disorder and depressive symptoms showed statistically significant reductions. Improvements in general functioning and quality of life were statistically non-significant. Three participants (16%) were responders at post-treatment and four (21%) were in remission from obsessive-compulsive disorder. At follow-up, three participants (16%) were responders and one (5%) was in full remission. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder is associated with reductions in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depressive symptoms. However, outcomes are modest; few patients were completely symptom free, and treatment engagement was low with few completed exposures and low adherence to homework assignments. We identify and discuss the need for further treatment refinement for this vulnerable group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319856974 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414

Adapting psychological therapies for autism / Kate COOPER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 45 (January 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 45 (January 2018) . - p.43-50 Titre : Adapting psychological therapies for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate COOPER, Auteur ; M. E. LOADES, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.43-50 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive behavioural therapy  Training  Psychological therapy  Autism  Therapist training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Psychological interventions informed by cognitive behavioural theory have proven efficacy in treating mild-moderate anxiety and depression. They have been successfully adapted for autistic children and adults who experience disproportionately high rates of co-occurring emotional problems. There has been little research into the perspectives and experience of psychological therapists adapting cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as part of routine clinical practice. We surveyed therapist skills, experience and confidence in working psychologically with autistic people, in order to highlight gaps and needs, as well as strengths in terms of therapist skills when working with this group. Method Fifty therapists attending a training event completed a survey about their experience of adapting CBT for autistic clients, alongside a measure of therapist confidence. Results Almost all therapists reported making adaptations to CBT practice when working with autistic clients. Key challenges identified were rigidity in thinking and pacing sessions appropriately. Therapists were relatively confident about core engagement and assessment skills but reported less confidence in using their knowledge to help this group. Therapist confidence was not associated with years of practice or number of adaptations made, but was positively associated with level of therapy training received. Conclusions This study highlights a need for training and ongoing supervision to increase therapist confidence in and ability to make appropriate adaptations to CBT treatment protocols for autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.11.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=327 [article] Adapting psychological therapies for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate COOPER, Auteur ; M. E. LOADES, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.43-50. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 45 (January 2018) . - p.43-50 Mots-clés : Cognitive behavioural therapy  Training  Psychological therapy  Autism  Therapist training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground Psychological interventions informed by cognitive behavioural theory have proven efficacy in treating mild-moderate anxiety and depression. They have been successfully adapted for autistic children and adults who experience disproportionately high rates of co-occurring emotional problems. There has been little research into the perspectives and experience of psychological therapists adapting cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as part of routine clinical practice. We surveyed therapist skills, experience and confidence in working psychologically with autistic people, in order to highlight gaps and needs, as well as strengths in terms of therapist skills when working with this group. Method Fifty therapists attending a training event completed a survey about their experience of adapting CBT for autistic clients, alongside a measure of therapist confidence. Results Almost all therapists reported making adaptations to CBT practice when working with autistic clients. Key challenges identified were rigidity in thinking and pacing sessions appropriately. Therapists were relatively confident about core engagement and assessment skills but reported less confidence in using their knowledge to help this group. Therapist confidence was not associated with years of practice or number of adaptations made, but was positively associated with level of therapy training received. Conclusions This study highlights a need for training and ongoing supervision to increase therapist confidence in and ability to make appropriate adaptations to CBT treatment protocols for autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.11.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=327

Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective / S. LAMBE in Autism, 23-6 (August 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1531-1541 Titre : Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. LAMBE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; C. BUTLER, Auteur ; S. FLETCHER, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1531-1541 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : education services  qualitative research  transition  university  young adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : University provides individuals with the opportunity to develop greater independence in living skills and social networks, while also gaining valuable qualifications. Despite a high proportion of autistic individuals aspiring to attend university, many either do not seek or gain entry or drop out prematurely. Although some steps have been taken to develop effective support, a recent review highlighted the scarcity of research into programmes designed to support autistic students transitioning to university. In addition, few studies have examined the views of autistic students themselves. This study investigated the perspectives of autistic students transitioning to university. Three focus groups were conducted with 25 autistic students preparing to start university. Participants were asked about their hopes for starting university, as well as their worries and concerns. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, from which five main themes were identified: The Social World, Academic Demands, Practicalities of University Living, Leaving the Scaffolding of Home and Transition to Adulthood. The results provide an important account of the challenges autistic students face when transitioning to university, as well as their aspirations. These findings have a number of practical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318803935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403 [article] Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. LAMBE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; C. BUTLER, Auteur ; S. FLETCHER, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.1531-1541. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1531-1541 Mots-clés : education services  qualitative research  transition  university  young adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : University provides individuals with the opportunity to develop greater independence in living skills and social networks, while also gaining valuable qualifications. Despite a high proportion of autistic individuals aspiring to attend university, many either do not seek or gain entry or drop out prematurely. Although some steps have been taken to develop effective support, a recent review highlighted the scarcity of research into programmes designed to support autistic students transitioning to university. In addition, few studies have examined the views of autistic students themselves. This study investigated the perspectives of autistic students transitioning to university. Three focus groups were conducted with 25 autistic students preparing to start university. Participants were asked about their hopes for starting university, as well as their worries and concerns. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, from which five main themes were identified: The Social World, Academic Demands, Practicalities of University Living, Leaving the Scaffolding of Home and Transition to Adulthood. The results provide an important account of the challenges autistic students face when transitioning to university, as well as their aspirations. These findings have a number of practical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318803935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403

Autistic adults’ experience of restricted repetitive behaviours / E. COLLIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 90 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 90 (February 2022) . - 101895 Titre : Autistic adults’ experience of restricted repetitive behaviours Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. COLLIS, Auteur ; J. GAVIN, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Restrictive repetitive behavior  Adult  Camouflaging  Masking  Self-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRB) are a core characteristic of autism, though little is known about autistic people’s lived experience of these phenomena. Research has defined RRB in terms of: 1) a distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB; as well as 2) a perceived lack of function and 3) a perceived lack of voluntary control. Method Twelve autistic adults without intellectual disability were interviewed to elucidate an understanding of these three issues from their lived experience. Results Thematic analysis identified four key themes regarding RRB: Self-regulation; positive impacts; negative impacts and suppression. The distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB was not reflected in the adults’ lived experience. In addition to having both positive and negative impacts, the expression of RRB for some behaviours in certain contexts was largely, though not wholly, under voluntary control. Perceived negative evaluations from others can result in strategies to minimise the expression of RRB to observers, although suppressing RRB can be stressful with a cost to the individual. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the important functions of RRB and both its positive and negative impacts. It indicates that future research should look to help maximise the positive impacts and minimize the negative, and consider the impact suppression of RRB has on mental health and functioning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458 [article] Autistic adults’ experience of restricted repetitive behaviours [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. COLLIS, Auteur ; J. GAVIN, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - 101895. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 90 (February 2022) . - 101895 Mots-clés : Autism  Restrictive repetitive behavior  Adult  Camouflaging  Masking  Self-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRB) are a core characteristic of autism, though little is known about autistic people’s lived experience of these phenomena. Research has defined RRB in terms of: 1) a distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB; as well as 2) a perceived lack of function and 3) a perceived lack of voluntary control. Method Twelve autistic adults without intellectual disability were interviewed to elucidate an understanding of these three issues from their lived experience. Results Thematic analysis identified four key themes regarding RRB: Self-regulation; positive impacts; negative impacts and suppression. The distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB was not reflected in the adults’ lived experience. In addition to having both positive and negative impacts, the expression of RRB for some behaviours in certain contexts was largely, though not wholly, under voluntary control. Perceived negative evaluations from others can result in strategies to minimise the expression of RRB to observers, although suppressing RRB can be stressful with a cost to the individual. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the important functions of RRB and both its positive and negative impacts. It indicates that future research should look to help maximise the positive impacts and minimize the negative, and consider the impact suppression of RRB has on mental health and functioning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458

Childhood psychopathology mediates associations between childhood adversities and multiple health risk behaviours in adolescence: analysis using the ALSPAC birth cohort / D. TROY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-9 (September 2021) . - p.1100-1109 Titre : Childhood psychopathology mediates associations between childhood adversities and multiple health risk behaviours in adolescence: analysis using the ALSPAC birth cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. TROY, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; J. KIDGER, Auteur ; C. WRIGHT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1100-1109 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Child  Health Risk Behaviors  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology  Parents  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior  Alspac  Adverse childhood experiences  UK birth cohort study  adolescence  mediation analysis  multiple health risk behaviours  psychosocial attributes  structural equation modelling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Childhood adversity strongly predicts adolescent multiple health risk behaviours (MRBs) such as alcohol/tobacco use, self-harm and physical inactivity, and both adversities and MRBs are associated with premature mortality and several chronic health conditions that are among the leading causes of death in adults. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between adversities and MRBs and what could mediate any association. The aim of this study was to explore whether childhood psychopathology mediates associations between adversities and MRBs. METHODS: Participants were young people in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N = 5,799). Using structural equation modelling, we explored the associations between adversities before 9 years and MRBs at age 16 years. We also explored potential mediating pathways through dimensional psychopathology measured by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales at age 12 years. RESULTS: There were strong positive associations between adversities and MRBs (? .25, 95% CI 0.20, 0.31, p < .001) suggesting that each additional adversity is associated with a 0.25 increase in number of MRBs out of 13 total risk behaviours. We found robust evidence of mediating pathways from adversities through conduct problems (? .05, 95% CI 0.03, 0.06, p < .001), hyperactivity/inattention (? .02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.03, p < .001) and peer relationship problems (? -.02, 95% CI -0.03, -0.02, p < .001) to MRBs. CONCLUSIONS: Increased conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention appear to partially explain the relationship between adversities and MRBs. Peer relationship problems also appear to reduce the association between adversities and MRBs, and further research is needed to understand how to encourage peer connectivity without increasing risk of MRBs. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing MRBs among those exposed to childhood adversities could focus on prevention of behavioural problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13379 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Childhood psychopathology mediates associations between childhood adversities and multiple health risk behaviours in adolescence: analysis using the ALSPAC birth cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. TROY, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; J. KIDGER, Auteur ; C. WRIGHT, Auteur . - p.1100-1109. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-9 (September 2021) . - p.1100-1109 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Child  Health Risk Behaviors  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology  Parents  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior  Alspac  Adverse childhood experiences  UK birth cohort study  adolescence  mediation analysis  multiple health risk behaviours  psychosocial attributes  structural equation modelling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Childhood adversity strongly predicts adolescent multiple health risk behaviours (MRBs) such as alcohol/tobacco use, self-harm and physical inactivity, and both adversities and MRBs are associated with premature mortality and several chronic health conditions that are among the leading causes of death in adults. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between adversities and MRBs and what could mediate any association. The aim of this study was to explore whether childhood psychopathology mediates associations between adversities and MRBs. METHODS: Participants were young people in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N = 5,799). Using structural equation modelling, we explored the associations between adversities before 9 years and MRBs at age 16 years. We also explored potential mediating pathways through dimensional psychopathology measured by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales at age 12 years. RESULTS: There were strong positive associations between adversities and MRBs (? .25, 95% CI 0.20, 0.31, p < .001) suggesting that each additional adversity is associated with a 0.25 increase in number of MRBs out of 13 total risk behaviours. We found robust evidence of mediating pathways from adversities through conduct problems (? .05, 95% CI 0.03, 0.06, p < .001), hyperactivity/inattention (? .02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.03, p < .001) and peer relationship problems (? -.02, 95% CI -0.03, -0.02, p < .001) to MRBs. CONCLUSIONS: Increased conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention appear to partially explain the relationship between adversities and MRBs. Peer relationship problems also appear to reduce the association between adversities and MRBs, and further research is needed to understand how to encourage peer connectivity without increasing risk of MRBs. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing MRBs among those exposed to childhood adversities could focus on prevention of behavioural problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13379 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Compliance in autism: Self-report in action / R. J. CHANDLER in Autism, 23-4 (May 2019)  

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Deceptive behaviour in autism: A scoping review / R. BAGNALL in Autism, 26-2 (February 2022)  

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Developing an Online Tool to Measure Social Network Structure and Perceived Social Support Amongst Autistic Students in Higher Education: A Feasibility Study / J. LEI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-9 (September 2019)  

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Emotion awareness and cognitive behavioural therapy in young people with autism spectrum disorder / C. ROBERTS-COLLINS in Autism, 22-7 (October 2018)  

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Empathic Accuracy and Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Young Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder / K. MCKENZIE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)  

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Executive Function: Cognition and Behaviour in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) / K. JOHNSTON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)  

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Exploring the Cognitive Model of Social Anxiety in Autistic Young People-The Central Role of Bodily Symptoms / H. WOOD in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-12 (December 2022)  

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Friend matters: sex differences in social language during autism diagnostic interviews / M. COLA in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

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Infants later diagnosed with autism have lower canonical babbling ratios in the first year of life / L. D. YANKOWITZ in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

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Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism? / K. L. PAYNE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)  

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