Altered reward system reactivity for personalized circumscribed interests in autism / G. KOHLS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 9p. Titre : Altered reward system reactivity for personalized circumscribed interests in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. KOHLS, Auteur ; Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; M. G. MOSNER, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; B. E. YERYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 9p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Caudate nucleus  Circumscribed interests  Functional magnetic resonance imaging  Motivation  Restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests  Reward  Reward system  Striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Neurobiological research in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has paid little attention on brain mechanisms that cause and maintain restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs). Evidence indicates an imbalance in the brain's reward system responsiveness to social and non-social stimuli may contribute to both social deficits and RRBIs. Thus, this study's central aim was to compare brain responsiveness to individual RRBI (i.e., circumscribed interests), with social rewards (i.e., social approval), in youth with ASD relative to typically developing controls (TDCs). Methods: We conducted a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to investigate the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent effect of personalized circumscribed interest rewards versus social rewards in 39 youth with ASD relative to 22 TDC. To probe the reward system, we employed short video clips as reinforcement in an instrumental incentive delay task. This optimization increased the task's ecological validity compared to still pictures that are often used in this line of research. Results: Compared to TDCs, youth with ASD had stronger reward system responses for CIs mostly within the non-social realm (e.g., video games) than social rewards (e.g., approval). Additionally, this imbalance within the caudate nucleus' responsiveness was related to greater social impairment. Conclusions: The current data support the idea of reward system dysfunction that may contribute to enhanced motivation for RRBIs in ASD, accompanied by diminished motivation for social engagement. If a dysregulated reward system indeed supports the emergence and maintenance of social and non-social symptoms of ASD, then strategically targeting the reward system in future treatment endeavors may allow for more efficacious treatment practices that help improve outcomes for individuals with ASD and their families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0195-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354 [article] Altered reward system reactivity for personalized circumscribed interests in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. KOHLS, Auteur ; Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; M. G. MOSNER, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; B. E. YERYS, Auteur . - 9p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 9p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Caudate nucleus  Circumscribed interests  Functional magnetic resonance imaging  Motivation  Restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests  Reward  Reward system  Striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Neurobiological research in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has paid little attention on brain mechanisms that cause and maintain restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs). Evidence indicates an imbalance in the brain's reward system responsiveness to social and non-social stimuli may contribute to both social deficits and RRBIs. Thus, this study's central aim was to compare brain responsiveness to individual RRBI (i.e., circumscribed interests), with social rewards (i.e., social approval), in youth with ASD relative to typically developing controls (TDCs). Methods: We conducted a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to investigate the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent effect of personalized circumscribed interest rewards versus social rewards in 39 youth with ASD relative to 22 TDC. To probe the reward system, we employed short video clips as reinforcement in an instrumental incentive delay task. This optimization increased the task's ecological validity compared to still pictures that are often used in this line of research. Results: Compared to TDCs, youth with ASD had stronger reward system responses for CIs mostly within the non-social realm (e.g., video games) than social rewards (e.g., approval). Additionally, this imbalance within the caudate nucleus' responsiveness was related to greater social impairment. Conclusions: The current data support the idea of reward system dysfunction that may contribute to enhanced motivation for RRBIs in ASD, accompanied by diminished motivation for social engagement. If a dysregulated reward system indeed supports the emergence and maintenance of social and non-social symptoms of ASD, then strategically targeting the reward system in future treatment endeavors may allow for more efficacious treatment practices that help improve outcomes for individuals with ASD and their families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0195-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354

Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder / K. KONRAD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-2 (February 2022) . - p.218-228 Titre : Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. KONRAD, Auteur ; G. KOHLS, Auteur ; S. BAUMANN, Auteur ; A. BERNHARD, Auteur ; A. MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Katharina ACKERMANN, Auteur ; A. SMARAGDI, Auteur ; K. GONZALEZ-MADRUGA, Auteur ; A. WELLS, Auteur ; J. C. ROGERS, Auteur ; R. PAULI, Auteur ; R. CLANTON, Auteur ; R. BAKER, Auteur ; L. KERSTEN, Auteur ; M. PRÄTZLICH, Auteur ; H. OLDENHOF, Auteur ; L. JANSEN, Auteur ; A. KLEEVEN, Auteur ; Aitana BIGORRA, Auteur ; A. HERVAS, Auteur ; I. KEREXETA-LIZEAGA, Auteur ; E. SESMA-PARDO, Auteur ; M. ANGEL GONZALEZ-TORRES, Auteur ; R. SIKLÓSI, Auteur ; R. DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Z. KALOGERAKIS, Auteur ; M. PIRLYMPOU, Auteur ; L. PAPADAKOS, Auteur ; H. CORNWELL, Auteur ; W. SCHARKE, Auteur ; Dimitris DIKEOS, Auteur ; A. FERNÁNDEZ-RIVAS, Auteur ; A. POPMA, Auteur ; C. STADLER, Auteur ; B. HERPERTZ-DAHLMANN, Auteur ; Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; C. M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.218-228 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  psychiatric comorbidity  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Conduct disorder (CD) rarely occurs alone but is typically accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders, which complicates the clinical presentation and treatment of affected youths. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in comorbidity pattern in CD and to systematically explore the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses of female CD. METHODS: As part of the FemNAT-CD multisite study, semistructured clinical interviews and rating scales were used to perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of 454 girls and 295 boys with CD (9-18?years), compared to 864 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls. RESULTS: Girls with CD exhibited higher rates of current major depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder, whereas boys with CD had higher rates of current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In line with the 'gender paradox' hypothesis, relative to boys, girls with CD showed significantly more lifetime psychiatric comorbidities (incl. Alcohol Use Disorder), which were accompanied by more severe CD symptoms. Female and male youths with CD also differed significantly in their CD symptom profiles and distribution of age-of-onset subtypes of CD (i.e. fewer girls with childhood-onset CD). In line with the 'delayed-onset pathway' hypothesis, girls with adolescent-onset CD showed similar levels of dimensional psychopathology like boys with childhood-onset CD, while boys with adolescent-onset CD had the lowest levels of internalizing psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Within the largest study of CD in girls performed to date, we found compelling evidence for sex differences in comorbidity patterns and clinical presentation of CD. Our findings further support aspects of the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses by showing that girls with CD had higher rates of comorbid lifetime mental disorders and functional impairments, and they usually developed CD during adolescence. These novel data on sex-specific clinical profiles of CD will be critical in informing intervention and prevention programmes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457 [article] Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. KONRAD, Auteur ; G. KOHLS, Auteur ; S. BAUMANN, Auteur ; A. BERNHARD, Auteur ; A. MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Katharina ACKERMANN, Auteur ; A. SMARAGDI, Auteur ; K. GONZALEZ-MADRUGA, Auteur ; A. WELLS, Auteur ; J. C. ROGERS, Auteur ; R. PAULI, Auteur ; R. CLANTON, Auteur ; R. BAKER, Auteur ; L. KERSTEN, Auteur ; M. PRÄTZLICH, Auteur ; H. OLDENHOF, Auteur ; L. JANSEN, Auteur ; A. KLEEVEN, Auteur ; Aitana BIGORRA, Auteur ; A. HERVAS, Auteur ; I. KEREXETA-LIZEAGA, Auteur ; E. SESMA-PARDO, Auteur ; M. ANGEL GONZALEZ-TORRES, Auteur ; R. SIKLÓSI, Auteur ; R. DOCHNAL, Auteur ; Z. KALOGERAKIS, Auteur ; M. PIRLYMPOU, Auteur ; L. PAPADAKOS, Auteur ; H. CORNWELL, Auteur ; W. SCHARKE, Auteur ; Dimitris DIKEOS, Auteur ; A. FERNÁNDEZ-RIVAS, Auteur ; A. POPMA, Auteur ; C. STADLER, Auteur ; B. HERPERTZ-DAHLMANN, Auteur ; Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; G. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; C. M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.218-228. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-2 (February 2022) . - p.218-228 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  psychiatric comorbidity  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Conduct disorder (CD) rarely occurs alone but is typically accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders, which complicates the clinical presentation and treatment of affected youths. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in comorbidity pattern in CD and to systematically explore the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses of female CD. METHODS: As part of the FemNAT-CD multisite study, semistructured clinical interviews and rating scales were used to perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of 454 girls and 295 boys with CD (9-18?years), compared to 864 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls. RESULTS: Girls with CD exhibited higher rates of current major depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder, whereas boys with CD had higher rates of current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In line with the 'gender paradox' hypothesis, relative to boys, girls with CD showed significantly more lifetime psychiatric comorbidities (incl. Alcohol Use Disorder), which were accompanied by more severe CD symptoms. Female and male youths with CD also differed significantly in their CD symptom profiles and distribution of age-of-onset subtypes of CD (i.e. fewer girls with childhood-onset CD). In line with the 'delayed-onset pathway' hypothesis, girls with adolescent-onset CD showed similar levels of dimensional psychopathology like boys with childhood-onset CD, while boys with adolescent-onset CD had the lowest levels of internalizing psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Within the largest study of CD in girls performed to date, we found compelling evidence for sex differences in comorbidity patterns and clinical presentation of CD. Our findings further support aspects of the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed-onset pathway' hypotheses by showing that girls with CD had higher rates of comorbid lifetime mental disorders and functional impairments, and they usually developed CD during adolescence. These novel data on sex-specific clinical profiles of CD will be critical in informing intervention and prevention programmes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13428 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457

Social 'wanting' dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications / G. KOHLS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4-1 (December 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.10 Titre : Social 'wanting' dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. KOHLS, Auteur ; C. CHEVALLIER, Auteur ; V. TROIANI, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most behavioral training regimens in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) rely on reward-based reinforcement strategies. Although proven to significantly increase both cognitive and social outcomes and successfully reduce aberrant behaviors, this approach fails to benefit a substantial number of affected individuals. Given the enormous amount of clinical and financial resources devoted to behavioral interventions, there is a surprisingly large gap in our knowledge of the basic reward mechanisms of learning in ASD. Understanding the mechanisms for reward responsiveness and reinforcement-based learning is urgently needed to better inform modifications that might improve current treatments. The fundamental goal of this review is to present a fine-grained literature analysis of reward function in ASD with reference to a validated neurobiological model of reward: the 'wanting'/'liking' framework. Despite some inconsistencies within the available literature, the evaluation across three converging sets of neurobiological data (neuroimaging, electrophysiological recordings, and neurochemical measures) reveals good evidence for disrupted reward-seeking tendencies in ASD, particularly in social contexts. This is most likely caused by dysfunction of the dopaminergic-oxytocinergic 'wanting' circuitry, including the ventral striatum, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Such a conclusion is consistent with predictions derived from diagnostic criteria concerning the core social phenotype of ASD, which emphasize difficulties with spontaneous self-initiated seeking of social encounters (that is, social motivation). Existing studies suggest that social 'wanting' tendencies vary considerably between individuals with ASD, and that the degree of social motivation is both malleable and predictive of intervention response. Although the topic of reward responsiveness in ASD is very new, with much research still needed, the current data clearly point towards problems with incentive-based motivation and learning, with clear and important implications for treatment. Given the reliance of behavioral interventions on reinforcement-based learning principles, we believe that a systematic focus on the integrity of the reward system in ASD promises to yield many important clues, both to the underlying mechanisms causing ASD and to enhancing the efficacy of existing and new interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-10 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344 [article] Social 'wanting' dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. KOHLS, Auteur ; C. CHEVALLIER, Auteur ; V. TROIANI, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur . - p.10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.10 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most behavioral training regimens in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) rely on reward-based reinforcement strategies. Although proven to significantly increase both cognitive and social outcomes and successfully reduce aberrant behaviors, this approach fails to benefit a substantial number of affected individuals. Given the enormous amount of clinical and financial resources devoted to behavioral interventions, there is a surprisingly large gap in our knowledge of the basic reward mechanisms of learning in ASD. Understanding the mechanisms for reward responsiveness and reinforcement-based learning is urgently needed to better inform modifications that might improve current treatments. The fundamental goal of this review is to present a fine-grained literature analysis of reward function in ASD with reference to a validated neurobiological model of reward: the 'wanting'/'liking' framework. Despite some inconsistencies within the available literature, the evaluation across three converging sets of neurobiological data (neuroimaging, electrophysiological recordings, and neurochemical measures) reveals good evidence for disrupted reward-seeking tendencies in ASD, particularly in social contexts. This is most likely caused by dysfunction of the dopaminergic-oxytocinergic 'wanting' circuitry, including the ventral striatum, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Such a conclusion is consistent with predictions derived from diagnostic criteria concerning the core social phenotype of ASD, which emphasize difficulties with spontaneous self-initiated seeking of social encounters (that is, social motivation). Existing studies suggest that social 'wanting' tendencies vary considerably between individuals with ASD, and that the degree of social motivation is both malleable and predictive of intervention response. Although the topic of reward responsiveness in ASD is very new, with much research still needed, the current data clearly point towards problems with incentive-based motivation and learning, with clear and important implications for treatment. Given the reliance of behavioral interventions on reinforcement-based learning principles, we believe that a systematic focus on the integrity of the reward system in ASD promises to yield many important clues, both to the underlying mechanisms causing ASD and to enhancing the efficacy of existing and new interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-10 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344

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