Autism diagnosis as a social process / J. HAYES in Autism, 26-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.488-498 Titre : Autism diagnosis as a social process Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. HAYES, Auteur ; T. FORD, Auteur ; R. MCCABE, Auteur ; G. RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.488-498 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  diagnosis  health services  policy  qualitative research  of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When a child or adult is referred for an autism diagnosis, clinicians from different backgrounds work together to make a diagnostic decision. A few studies have asked clinicians in interview how they feel about diagnosis and what the challenges are. We interviewed clinicians in child and adult assessment services in England, and from different professional backgrounds, about the challenges of autism diagnosis and the factors that might influence the assessment process. We found that there were a number of challenges in autism diagnosis, especially when someone coming for diagnosis was considered to be near the diagnostic threshold. Clinicians told us that making a diagnosis was like creating a 'narrative': looking at many different factors that told a story about a person, rather than just looking at the results of diagnostic tests. Clinicians do not always agree with the results of those tests and have to use their specialist clinical judgement to make decisions. Clinicians were concerned about the amount of time people have to wait for an autism assessment, and the resulting pressure on the assessment process. The findings of this work can help us to understand how diagnosis happens and consider ways in which it can be improved for adults, children and families coming for assessment, as well as clinicians. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211030392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] Autism diagnosis as a social process [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. HAYES, Auteur ; T. FORD, Auteur ; R. MCCABE, Auteur ; G. RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.488-498. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.488-498 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  diagnosis  health services  policy  qualitative research  of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When a child or adult is referred for an autism diagnosis, clinicians from different backgrounds work together to make a diagnostic decision. A few studies have asked clinicians in interview how they feel about diagnosis and what the challenges are. We interviewed clinicians in child and adult assessment services in England, and from different professional backgrounds, about the challenges of autism diagnosis and the factors that might influence the assessment process. We found that there were a number of challenges in autism diagnosis, especially when someone coming for diagnosis was considered to be near the diagnostic threshold. Clinicians told us that making a diagnosis was like creating a 'narrative': looking at many different factors that told a story about a person, rather than just looking at the results of diagnostic tests. Clinicians do not always agree with the results of those tests and have to use their specialist clinical judgement to make decisions. Clinicians were concerned about the amount of time people have to wait for an autism assessment, and the resulting pressure on the assessment process. The findings of this work can help us to understand how diagnosis happens and consider ways in which it can be improved for adults, children and families coming for assessment, as well as clinicians. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211030392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

'People should be allowed to do what they like': Autistic adults' views and experiences of stimming / Steven K. KAPP in Autism, 23-7 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1782-1792 Titre : 'People should be allowed to do what they like': Autistic adults' views and experiences of stimming Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Steven K. KAPP, Auteur ; R. STEWARD, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur ; D. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; C. ELPHICK, Auteur ; E. PELLICANO, Auteur ; G. RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1782-1792 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  neurodiversity  repetitive behaviour  repetitive movements  self-stimulatory behaviour  stereotypies  stimming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 'Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements' are characterised as core features in the diagnosis of autism, yet many autistic adults (and the neurodiversity movement) have reclaimed them as 'stimming'. Supported by a growing body of scientific research, autistic adults argue that these behaviours may serve as useful coping mechanisms, yet little research has examined stimming from the perspective of autistic adults. Through interviews and focus groups, we asked 32 autistic adults to share their perceptions and experiences of stimming, including the reasons they stim, any value doing so may hold for them and their perceptions of others' reactions to stimming. Using thematic analysis, we identified two themes: stimming as (1) a self-regulatory mechanism and (2) lacking in social acceptance, but can become accepted through understanding. Autistic adults highlighted the importance of stimming as an adaptive mechanism that helps them to soothe or communicate intense emotions or thoughts and thus objected to treatment that aims to eliminate the behaviour. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319829628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406 [article] 'People should be allowed to do what they like': Autistic adults' views and experiences of stimming [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Steven K. KAPP, Auteur ; R. STEWARD, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur ; D. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; C. ELPHICK, Auteur ; E. PELLICANO, Auteur ; G. RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.1782-1792. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1782-1792 Mots-clés : adults  autism  neurodiversity  repetitive behaviour  repetitive movements  self-stimulatory behaviour  stereotypies  stimming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 'Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements' are characterised as core features in the diagnosis of autism, yet many autistic adults (and the neurodiversity movement) have reclaimed them as 'stimming'. Supported by a growing body of scientific research, autistic adults argue that these behaviours may serve as useful coping mechanisms, yet little research has examined stimming from the perspective of autistic adults. Through interviews and focus groups, we asked 32 autistic adults to share their perceptions and experiences of stimming, including the reasons they stim, any value doing so may hold for them and their perceptions of others' reactions to stimming. Using thematic analysis, we identified two themes: stimming as (1) a self-regulatory mechanism and (2) lacking in social acceptance, but can become accepted through understanding. Autistic adults highlighted the importance of stimming as an adaptive mechanism that helps them to soothe or communicate intense emotions or thoughts and thus objected to treatment that aims to eliminate the behaviour. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319829628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406

Selection bias on intellectual ability in autism research: a cross-sectional review and meta-analysis / G. RUSSELL in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 9 p. Titre : Selection bias on intellectual ability in autism research: a cross-sectional review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. RUSSELL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; D. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; R. WHITE, Auteur ; T. PITTWOOD, Auteur ; T. FORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *Autism  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Intellectual disability  *Nosology  *Selection bias  interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in  published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Current global estimates suggest the proportion of the population with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have intellectual disability (ID) is approximately 50%. Our objective was to ascertain the existence of selection bias due to under-inclusion of populations with ID across all fields of autism research. A sub-goal was to evaluate inconsistencies in reporting of findings. Methods: This review covers all original research published in 2016 in autism-specific journals with an impact factor greater than 3. Across 301 included studies, 100,245 participants had ASD. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the proportion of participants without ID. Selection bias was defined as where more than 75% of participants did not have ID. Results: Meta-analysis estimated 94% of all participants identified as being on the autism spectrum in the studies reviewed did not have ID (95% CI 0.91-0.97). Eight out of ten studies demonstrated selection bias against participants with ID. The reporting of participant characteristics was generally poor: information about participants' intellectual ability was absent in 38% of studies (n = 114). Where there was selection bias on ID, only 31% of studies mentioned lack of generalisability as a limitation. Conclusions: We found selection bias against ID throughout all fields of autism research. We recommend transparent reporting about ID and strategies for inclusion for this much marginalised group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0260-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Selection bias on intellectual ability in autism research: a cross-sectional review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. RUSSELL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; D. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; R. WHITE, Auteur ; T. PITTWOOD, Auteur ; T. FORD, Auteur . - 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 9 p. Mots-clés : *Autism  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Intellectual disability  *Nosology  *Selection bias  interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in  published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Current global estimates suggest the proportion of the population with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have intellectual disability (ID) is approximately 50%. Our objective was to ascertain the existence of selection bias due to under-inclusion of populations with ID across all fields of autism research. A sub-goal was to evaluate inconsistencies in reporting of findings. Methods: This review covers all original research published in 2016 in autism-specific journals with an impact factor greater than 3. Across 301 included studies, 100,245 participants had ASD. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the proportion of participants without ID. Selection bias was defined as where more than 75% of participants did not have ID. Results: Meta-analysis estimated 94% of all participants identified as being on the autism spectrum in the studies reviewed did not have ID (95% CI 0.91-0.97). Eight out of ten studies demonstrated selection bias against participants with ID. The reporting of participant characteristics was generally poor: information about participants' intellectual ability was absent in 38% of studies (n = 114). Where there was selection bias on ID, only 31% of studies mentioned lack of generalisability as a limitation. Conclusions: We found selection bias against ID throughout all fields of autism research. We recommend transparent reporting about ID and strategies for inclusion for this much marginalised group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0260-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

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