Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females / Laura A. PECORA in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 57 p. Titre : Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura A. PECORA, Auteur ; Grace I. HANCOCK, Auteur ; Merrilyn HOOLEY, Auteur ; David H DEMMER, Auteur ; Tony ATTWOOD, Auteur ; Gary B. MESIBOV, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : 57 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Female sexuality  Gender identity  Sexual orientation  Sexual vulnerabilities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition that autistic females present with more diverse gender and sexual identities than their non-autistic counterparts. Likewise, autistic females are also at an increased risk of adverse sexual experiences. As higher rates of sexual victimisation are observed in individuals with diverse sexual identities in the broader population, rates of negative sexual experiences among autistic females remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the representation of gender and sexual diversity within autistic females and examine their rates of regretted, and unwanted, sexual encounters among females with a transgender gender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-five females completed the Sexual Behaviour Scale-III (SBS-III) online. Self-reported gender identity and sexual orientation were compared between 134 autistic (M(age)= 26.2?years, SD = 8.7) and 161 non-autistic females (M(age) = 22.0?years, SD = 4.6). Differences in the prevalence of negative sexual experiences were compared across diagnosis and each gender identity and sexual orientation label. RESULTS: Autistic females were more likely to identify with a transgender gender identity (p < .05) and non-heterosexual sexual orientation (p < .007) compared to non-autistic females. Autistic homosexual females were more likely to have experienced a range of negative sexual experiences than autistic heterosexual females (OR ? 3.29; p < .01) and were more likely to have experienced unwanted sexual experiences than non-autistic females regardless of sexual orientation (OR ? 2.38; p < .05). There were no differences in rates of negative sexual experiences between autistic bisexual and both autistic heterosexual and non-autistic bisexual females. Non-autistic bisexual females (OR = 0.24; p = .018) presented with a reduced risk of regretted sexual experiences than non-autistic heterosexual peers. There were no differences in negative sexual experiences across gender identity in the autistic sample. LIMITATIONS: The use of fixed format response items may have restricted participants' abilities to provide rich responses pertaining to their sexual identities and nature of negative sexual experiences. The small number of participants who identified as transgender (n = 40) limits the reliability of results pertaining to sexual experiences across gender identity. Moreover, although multiple recruitment methods were used in this study, non-representative may bias estimates of prevalence rates. Thus, the data may not be representative of the broader population. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that autistic females present with greater diversity in their sexual identities than individuals without autism, with those with a homosexual sexual orientation being at greater risk of experiencing adverse sexual encounters. Findings suggest the importance of increased clinical attention to this diversity and the need to provide support to facilitate the development of a healthy sexual identity and reduce the risks identified in this study. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00363-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura A. PECORA, Auteur ; Grace I. HANCOCK, Auteur ; Merrilyn HOOLEY, Auteur ; David H DEMMER, Auteur ; Tony ATTWOOD, Auteur ; Gary B. MESIBOV, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - 57 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 57 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Female sexuality  Gender identity  Sexual orientation  Sexual vulnerabilities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition that autistic females present with more diverse gender and sexual identities than their non-autistic counterparts. Likewise, autistic females are also at an increased risk of adverse sexual experiences. As higher rates of sexual victimisation are observed in individuals with diverse sexual identities in the broader population, rates of negative sexual experiences among autistic females remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the representation of gender and sexual diversity within autistic females and examine their rates of regretted, and unwanted, sexual encounters among females with a transgender gender identity and non-heterosexual sexual orientation. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-five females completed the Sexual Behaviour Scale-III (SBS-III) online. Self-reported gender identity and sexual orientation were compared between 134 autistic (M(age)= 26.2?years, SD = 8.7) and 161 non-autistic females (M(age) = 22.0?years, SD = 4.6). Differences in the prevalence of negative sexual experiences were compared across diagnosis and each gender identity and sexual orientation label. RESULTS: Autistic females were more likely to identify with a transgender gender identity (p < .05) and non-heterosexual sexual orientation (p < .007) compared to non-autistic females. Autistic homosexual females were more likely to have experienced a range of negative sexual experiences than autistic heterosexual females (OR ? 3.29; p < .01) and were more likely to have experienced unwanted sexual experiences than non-autistic females regardless of sexual orientation (OR ? 2.38; p < .05). There were no differences in rates of negative sexual experiences between autistic bisexual and both autistic heterosexual and non-autistic bisexual females. Non-autistic bisexual females (OR = 0.24; p = .018) presented with a reduced risk of regretted sexual experiences than non-autistic heterosexual peers. There were no differences in negative sexual experiences across gender identity in the autistic sample. LIMITATIONS: The use of fixed format response items may have restricted participants' abilities to provide rich responses pertaining to their sexual identities and nature of negative sexual experiences. The small number of participants who identified as transgender (n = 40) limits the reliability of results pertaining to sexual experiences across gender identity. Moreover, although multiple recruitment methods were used in this study, non-representative may bias estimates of prevalence rates. Thus, the data may not be representative of the broader population. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that autistic females present with greater diversity in their sexual identities than individuals without autism, with those with a homosexual sexual orientation being at greater risk of experiencing adverse sexual encounters. Findings suggest the importance of increased clinical attention to this diversity and the need to provide support to facilitate the development of a healthy sexual identity and reduce the risks identified in this study. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00363-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Hammering that Nail: Varied Praxis Motor Skills in Younger Autistic Children / Joel CRUCITTI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3253-3262 Titre : Hammering that Nail: Varied Praxis Motor Skills in Younger Autistic Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joel CRUCITTI, Auteur ; Christian HYDE, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3253-3262 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Children  Praxis  Specialist autistic school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies measuring praxis abilities in young autistic children have only used praxis measures that were not optimised for autistic individuals. Hence, we used the FAB-R to measure praxis skills in autistic (n?=?38) and typically developing (TD) children (n?=?38) aged between four and 10 years. Praxis abilities were generally not different between autistic and TD children. However, total dyspraxia and errors during verbal command and tool use were impaired in autistic children from a specialist autistic school (SAS). In contrast, autistic participants from the GC typically did not differ in praxis performance compared to controls. Hence, praxis abilities significantly vary between autistic younger children. Exploring mediating influences of such variability is imperative. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04136-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 [article] Hammering that Nail: Varied Praxis Motor Skills in Younger Autistic Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joel CRUCITTI, Auteur ; Christian HYDE, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.3253-3262. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3253-3262 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Children  Praxis  Specialist autistic school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies measuring praxis abilities in young autistic children have only used praxis measures that were not optimised for autistic individuals. Hence, we used the FAB-R to measure praxis skills in autistic (n?=?38) and typically developing (TD) children (n?=?38) aged between four and 10 years. Praxis abilities were generally not different between autistic and TD children. However, total dyspraxia and errors during verbal command and tool use were impaired in autistic children from a specialist autistic school (SAS). In contrast, autistic participants from the GC typically did not differ in praxis performance compared to controls. Hence, praxis abilities significantly vary between autistic younger children. Exploring mediating influences of such variability is imperative. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04136-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430

Head circumference trends in autism between 0 and 100 months / Joel CRUCITTI in Autism, 24-7 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-7 (October 2020) . - p.1726-1739 Titre : Head circumference trends in autism between 0 and 100 months Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joel CRUCITTI, Auteur ; Christian HYDE, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1726-1739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *age  *autism  *head circumference  *sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Summaries of studies that have measured head size in those with autism, known as meta-analyses, currently exist. However, this approach does not adequately explain extreme cases (such as those with extremely small, or extremely large, head size). Because of this, we obtained all available published data measuring head size (12 studies). The data from each study were then combined to make a larger dataset. We found that females with autism aged 12-17?months had, on average, smaller head sizes. Otherwise, average head size was not atypical in autism. However, we found that males with autism were more likely to have extreme head sizes at birth and between 60 and 100?months, a small head between 6 and 11?months, and a large head between 12 and 17?months. Females with autism were more likely to have extreme head sizes between 36 and 59?months and were less likely at birth. Our approach was able to measure the influence of age and biological sex on head size in autism, as well as the frequency of extreme cases of head size in autism. These results add to what we already know about head size in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320921037 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Head circumference trends in autism between 0 and 100 months [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joel CRUCITTI, Auteur ; Christian HYDE, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.1726-1739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-7 (October 2020) . - p.1726-1739 Mots-clés : *age  *autism  *head circumference  *sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Summaries of studies that have measured head size in those with autism, known as meta-analyses, currently exist. However, this approach does not adequately explain extreme cases (such as those with extremely small, or extremely large, head size). Because of this, we obtained all available published data measuring head size (12 studies). The data from each study were then combined to make a larger dataset. We found that females with autism aged 12-17?months had, on average, smaller head sizes. Otherwise, average head size was not atypical in autism. However, we found that males with autism were more likely to have extreme head sizes at birth and between 60 and 100?months, a small head between 6 and 11?months, and a large head between 12 and 17?months. Females with autism were more likely to have extreme head sizes between 36 and 59?months and were less likely at birth. Our approach was able to measure the influence of age and biological sex on head size in autism, as well as the frequency of extreme cases of head size in autism. These results add to what we already know about head size in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320921037 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Romantic Intimacy in Autism: A Qualitative Analysis / Giorgia SALA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-11 (November 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-11 (November 2020) . - p.4133-4147 Titre : Romantic Intimacy in Autism: A Qualitative Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Giorgia SALA, Auteur ; Merrilyn HOOLEY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4133-4147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Australia  Autism  Intimacy  Relationships  Sexuality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although autistic people have difficulties with social-emotional reciprocity, most still desire intimate romantic relationships. This study sought to identify enablers and barriers to emotional and physical intimacy for Autistic (n?=?31) and non-autistic (n?=?26) individuals. All participants completed an online survey including demographic information, the Autism Spectrum Quotient and questions on intimacy which were subject to thematic analysis. Enablers of intimacy for both groups included communication, sharing and similarity, respect and safety for self and other, and working on the relationship. Barriers for both groups included intra- and interpersonal conflicts; autistic people specifically highlighted uncertainty about relationships and communication. These findings suggest autistic and non-autistic people have similar notions of intimacy, yet have different challenges in experiencing it. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04377-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432 [article] Romantic Intimacy in Autism: A Qualitative Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Giorgia SALA, Auteur ; Merrilyn HOOLEY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.4133-4147. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-11 (November 2020) . - p.4133-4147 Mots-clés : Australia  Autism  Intimacy  Relationships  Sexuality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although autistic people have difficulties with social-emotional reciprocity, most still desire intimate romantic relationships. This study sought to identify enablers and barriers to emotional and physical intimacy for Autistic (n?=?31) and non-autistic (n?=?26) individuals. All participants completed an online survey including demographic information, the Autism Spectrum Quotient and questions on intimacy which were subject to thematic analysis. Enablers of intimacy for both groups included communication, sharing and similarity, respect and safety for self and other, and working on the relationship. Barriers for both groups included intra- and interpersonal conflicts; autistic people specifically highlighted uncertainty about relationships and communication. These findings suggest autistic and non-autistic people have similar notions of intimacy, yet have different challenges in experiencing it. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04377-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432

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