Camouflaging in autism: A cause or a consequence of mental health difficulties? / Audrey JJ MOL ; Tulsi A RADHOE ; Carolien TORENVLIET ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Annabeth P GROENMAN ; Hilde M GEURTS in Autism, 29-10 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-10 (October 2025) . - p.2604-2617 Titre : Camouflaging in autism: A cause or a consequence of mental health difficulties? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Audrey JJ MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2604-2617 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  mental health difficulties Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging ([un]consciously hiding one?s autism traits) is hypothesized to be an underlying mechanism explaining elevated levels of mental health difficulties in autistic adults. As previous studies investigating this relationship were all cross-sectional, the direction of this association remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether (1) camouflaging predicts a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties predict a change in camouflaging. For this, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Autism Spectrum Quotient at two timepoints with an average time interval of 2 years. Preregistered multilevel analyses showed a negative interaction between initial camouflaging and time, indicating that people with higher initial levels of camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for lower initial levels of camouflaging there was an increase. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not predict changes in camouflaging behavior, but findings were inconsistent across total camouflaging and assimilation. Thus, we did not find strong evidence for camouflaging to be associated with development of mental health difficulties. However, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about directionality and causality.Plain Language Summary When autistic people use strategies to hide their autism traits, we refer to this as camouflaging. It has been thought that camouflaging could be a reason why autistic people develop mental health difficulties more often than non-autistic people. Research has shown that, in general, people who report more camouflaging behavior also report more mental health difficulties. However, we do not know whether camouflaging can be a reason for people to develop mental health difficulties or whether mental health difficulties may explain why autistic people use camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether (1) camouflaging is a predictor for a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties are a predictor for a change in camouflaging. For this study, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in questionnaires about camouflaging, mental health difficulties, and autism traits at two moments with an average of 2 years between measurements. We found that people with a higher level of initial camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for people with lower levels of initial camouflaging behavior there was an increase in mental health difficulties. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not seem to predict a change in camouflaging behavior. Thus, we did not find evidence that camouflaging was followed by an increase in mental health difficulties. Therefore, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about what comes first and what causes what, camouflaging or mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251347104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=567 [article] Camouflaging in autism: A cause or a consequence of mental health difficulties? [texte imprimé] / Audrey JJ MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M GEURTS, Auteur . - p.2604-2617. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-10 (October 2025) . - p.2604-2617 Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  mental health difficulties Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging ([un]consciously hiding one?s autism traits) is hypothesized to be an underlying mechanism explaining elevated levels of mental health difficulties in autistic adults. As previous studies investigating this relationship were all cross-sectional, the direction of this association remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether (1) camouflaging predicts a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties predict a change in camouflaging. For this, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Autism Spectrum Quotient at two timepoints with an average time interval of 2 years. Preregistered multilevel analyses showed a negative interaction between initial camouflaging and time, indicating that people with higher initial levels of camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for lower initial levels of camouflaging there was an increase. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not predict changes in camouflaging behavior, but findings were inconsistent across total camouflaging and assimilation. Thus, we did not find strong evidence for camouflaging to be associated with development of mental health difficulties. However, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about directionality and causality.Plain Language Summary When autistic people use strategies to hide their autism traits, we refer to this as camouflaging. It has been thought that camouflaging could be a reason why autistic people develop mental health difficulties more often than non-autistic people. Research has shown that, in general, people who report more camouflaging behavior also report more mental health difficulties. However, we do not know whether camouflaging can be a reason for people to develop mental health difficulties or whether mental health difficulties may explain why autistic people use camouflaging strategies. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether (1) camouflaging is a predictor for a change in mental health difficulties and (2) mental health difficulties are a predictor for a change in camouflaging. For this study, 332 autistic adults aged 30 to 84 years (157 women) filled in questionnaires about camouflaging, mental health difficulties, and autism traits at two moments with an average of 2 years between measurements. We found that people with a higher level of initial camouflaging showed a decrease in mental health difficulties, while for people with lower levels of initial camouflaging behavior there was an increase in mental health difficulties. However, this effect was small. Initial mental health difficulties did not seem to predict a change in camouflaging behavior. Thus, we did not find evidence that camouflaging was followed by an increase in mental health difficulties. Therefore, future research is needed before we can draw strong conclusions about what comes first and what causes what, camouflaging or mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251347104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=567

Comparison of network structures between autistic and non-autistic adults, and autism subgroups: A focus on demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors / Tulsi A. RADHOE in Autism, 28-5 (May 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1175-1189 Titre : Comparison of network structures between autistic and non-autistic adults, and autism subgroups: A focus on demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1175-1189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  network analysis  quality of life  subgroups  subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults but also between autistic adults. We aimed to determine whether mean differences correspond to differences in network structure of these characteristics in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified autism subgroups. A total of 16 network variables related to demographic and psychological characteristics were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) were used for network estimation in 261 autistic adults and 384 non-autistic comparisons aged 30-85 years. Second, we repeated this step within two previously identified autism subgroups (N1 = 124, N2 = 130). Third, sex differences were explored in the networks of the autism subgroups. The networks of the autism and comparison groups differed on individual edges and visual inspection, although the Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed no overall differences. The networks of autism subgroups were similar based on visual inspection and statistical comparisons. Sex did not impact the subgroup networks differently. Networks were more similar than different, but observed edge differences could be informative for targeted support. Focusing on mean differences is not sufficient to determine which factors (and associations) are important for autistic people. Thus, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond assessing mean differences for autistic adults. Lay Abstract There are large differences in the level of demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics between autistic and non-autistic adults but also among autistic people. Our goal was to test whether these differences correspond to differences in underlying relationships between these characteristics-also referred to as network structure-to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are important. We tested differences in network structure in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified subgroups of autistic adults. We showed that comparing networks of autistic and non-autistic adults provides subtle differences, whereas networks of the autism subgroups were similar. There were also no sex differences in the networks of the autism subgroups. Thus, the previously observed differences in the level of characteristics did not correspond to differences across subgroups in how these characteristics relate to one another (i.e. network structure). Consequently, a focus on differences in characteristics is not sufficient to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are of importance. Hence, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond looking at (sub)group level differences. These results could provide hints for clinical practice, to eventually determine whether psychological distress, cognitive failures, and reduced quality of life in autistic adults can be addressed by tailored support. However, it is important that these results are first replicated before we move toward intervention or support. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231198544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527 [article] Comparison of network structures between autistic and non-autistic adults, and autism subgroups: A focus on demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors [texte imprimé] / Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.1175-1189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-5 (May 2024) . - p.1175-1189 Mots-clés : adults  autism  network analysis  quality of life  subgroups  subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults but also between autistic adults. We aimed to determine whether mean differences correspond to differences in network structure of these characteristics in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified autism subgroups. A total of 16 network variables related to demographic and psychological characteristics were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) were used for network estimation in 261 autistic adults and 384 non-autistic comparisons aged 30-85 years. Second, we repeated this step within two previously identified autism subgroups (N1 = 124, N2 = 130). Third, sex differences were explored in the networks of the autism subgroups. The networks of the autism and comparison groups differed on individual edges and visual inspection, although the Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed no overall differences. The networks of autism subgroups were similar based on visual inspection and statistical comparisons. Sex did not impact the subgroup networks differently. Networks were more similar than different, but observed edge differences could be informative for targeted support. Focusing on mean differences is not sufficient to determine which factors (and associations) are important for autistic people. Thus, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond assessing mean differences for autistic adults. Lay Abstract There are large differences in the level of demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics between autistic and non-autistic adults but also among autistic people. Our goal was to test whether these differences correspond to differences in underlying relationships between these characteristics-also referred to as network structure-to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are important. We tested differences in network structure in (1) autistic and non-autistic adults and (2) two previously identified subgroups of autistic adults. We showed that comparing networks of autistic and non-autistic adults provides subtle differences, whereas networks of the autism subgroups were similar. There were also no sex differences in the networks of the autism subgroups. Thus, the previously observed differences in the level of characteristics did not correspond to differences across subgroups in how these characteristics relate to one another (i.e. network structure). Consequently, a focus on differences in characteristics is not sufficient to determine which characteristics (and relationships between them) are of importance. Hence, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond looking at (sub)group level differences. These results could provide hints for clinical practice, to eventually determine whether psychological distress, cognitive failures, and reduced quality of life in autistic adults can be addressed by tailored support. However, it is important that these results are first replicated before we move toward intervention or support. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231198544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=527

Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Carolien TORENVLIET ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN ; Hilde M. GEURTS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-9 (September 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3449-3466 Titre : Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3449-3466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30-89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30-80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06042-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534 [article] Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups [texte imprimé] / Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.3449-3466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-9 (September 2024) . - p.3449-3466 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30-89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30-80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06042-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534

How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 100 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Titre : How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J. J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102072 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] How to measure camouflaging? A conceptual replication of the validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire in Dutch adults [texte imprimé] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Audrey J. J. MOL, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - 102072. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 100 (February 2023) . - 102072 Mots-clés : Camouflaging  Autism  Sex differences  Psychometric properties  Discrepancy approach Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Camouflaging behavior is often defined as using strategies to hide autistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated how to measure camouflaging behavior by performing a conceptual replication of the original study of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) and testing whether the self-reported camouflaging behavior is measuring the same construct as the second most used manner to measure camouflaging behavior, the discrepancy method. Method In total, 674 individuals (356 autistic) aged 30 “92 years, filled out the Dutch translation of the CAT-Q (CAT-Q-NL) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). In 90 autistic adults the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) was administered. We executed preregistered analyses (AsPredicted #37800) to investigate the factor structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency, convergent validity and group differences. Results Our analyses showed that the original three-factor structure had an acceptable fit and internal consistency ranged from sufficient to good. However, there was no measurement invariance between autistic and non-autistic individuals and correlations between CAT-Q-NL-scores and the discrepancy between AQ and ADOS-2 varied between low to mediocre (r = 0.04 to.28). Conclusions The CAT-Q-NL can be used to measure camouflaging between and within autistic adults, but not between autistic and non-autistic adults and its convergent validity is limited. Despite these caveats, the CAT-Q-NL can serve as a useful addition to the clinical assessment toolbox because gaining insight in the level of camouflaging of autistic adults may help provide better mental health care. However, more research is needed into how to optimally measure the camouflaging construct. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism Research, 16-4 (April 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-4 (April 2023) . - p.734-744 Titre : One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.734-744 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group-based comparisons on cognitive aging in autistic adults might have overlooked those autistic adults that are particularly vulnerable for cognitive decline. Multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) statistically assess individual cognitive differences on the entire cognitive profile. Cognitive deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future cognitive decline, and is therefore sensitive in detecting meaningful cognitive differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of MNC to assess cognitive performance in autism individually, and (2) understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults. As pre-registered, we performed MNC in a sample of 254 non-autistic adults, and two independent samples of respectively 118, and 86 autistic adults (20-85 years, mean: 50 years). Cognitive performance was measured on 11 outcomes in six domains (verbal/visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, Theory of Mind, and psychomotor speed). Using MNC, about twice as many autistic individuals had a deviant cognitive profile (i.e., deviated statistically from the multivariate normspace) as compared to non-autistic individuals. Importantly, most autistic individuals (>80%) did not have a deviant cognitive profile. Having a deviant profile was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress in autistic adults specifically, showing the clinical relevance of this method. Therefore, MNC seem a useful tool to individually detect meaningful cognitive differences in autism. These results are consistent with previous cognitive studies suggesting that most autistic adults show fairly similar cognitive profiles to non-autistic adults, yet highlight the necessity for approaches reflecting the heterogeneity observed in autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499 [article] One size does not fit all: An individualized approach to understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.734-744. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-4 (April 2023) . - p.734-744 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Cognitive performances of autistic people vary widely. Therefore, previous group-based comparisons on cognitive aging in autistic adults might have overlooked those autistic adults that are particularly vulnerable for cognitive decline. Multivariate normative comparisons (MNC) statistically assess individual cognitive differences on the entire cognitive profile. Cognitive deviancy as indicated by MNC accurately predicts future cognitive decline, and is therefore sensitive in detecting meaningful cognitive differences. The current study aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of MNC to assess cognitive performance in autism individually, and (2) understand heterogeneous cognitive performance in autistic adults. As pre-registered, we performed MNC in a sample of 254 non-autistic adults, and two independent samples of respectively 118, and 86 autistic adults (20-85 years, mean: 50 years). Cognitive performance was measured on 11 outcomes in six domains (verbal/visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, Theory of Mind, and psychomotor speed). Using MNC, about twice as many autistic individuals had a deviant cognitive profile (i.e., deviated statistically from the multivariate normspace) as compared to non-autistic individuals. Importantly, most autistic individuals (>80%) did not have a deviant cognitive profile. Having a deviant profile was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress in autistic adults specifically, showing the clinical relevance of this method. Therefore, MNC seem a useful tool to individually detect meaningful cognitive differences in autism. These results are consistent with previous cognitive studies suggesting that most autistic adults show fairly similar cognitive profiles to non-autistic adults, yet highlight the necessity for approaches reflecting the heterogeneity observed in autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499

Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

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Remembering the future; prospective memory across the autistic adult?s life span / Carolien TORENVLIET ; Tulsi A. RADHOE ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM ; Wikke VAN DER PUTTEN ; Mareike ALTGASSEN ; Hilde M. GEURTS in Autism, 28-9 (September 2024)  

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The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value / Tulsi A. RADHOE in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

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The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

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