Attention control in autism: Eye-tracking findings from pre-school children in a low- and middle-income country setting / Luke MASON ; Rashi ARORA ; Supriya BHAVNANI ; Jayashree DASGUPTA ; Sheffali GULATI ; Teodora GLIGA ; Mark H. JOHNSON in Autism, 28-1 (January 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.43?57 Titre : Attention control in autism: Eye-tracking findings from pre-school children in a low- and middle-income country setting Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Luke MASON, Auteur ; Rashi ARORA, Auteur ; Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Jayashree DASGUPTA, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Teodora GLIGA, Auteur ; Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.43?57 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  cognition (attention  learning  memory)  development  pre-school children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in the development of attention control and learning have been associated with autism and can be measured using the ?antisaccade task?, which assesses a child?s ability to make an oculomotor response away from a distracting stimulus, and learn to instead anticipate a later reward. We aimed to assess these cognitive processes using portable eye-tracking in an understudied population of pre-school children with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community settings in New Delhi, India. The eye-tracking antisaccade task was presented to children in three groups (n?=?104) (children with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability and children meeting developmental milestones). In accordance with findings from high-income, laboratory-based environments, children learnt to anticipate looks towards a reward, as well as inhibit eye-movements towards a distractor stimulus. We also provide novel evidence that while differences in inhibition responses might be applicable to multiple developmental conditions, a reduced learning to anticipate looks towards a target in this age group may be specific to autism. This eye-tracking task may, therefore, have the potential to identify and assess autism specific traits across development, and be used in longitudinal research studies such as investigating response to intervention in low-resource settings. Lay abstract The development of cognitive processes, such as attention control and learning, has been suggested to be altered in children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, nearly all of our understanding of the development of these cognitive processes comes from studies with school-aged or older children in high-income countries, and from research conducted in a controlled laboratory environment, thereby restricting the potential generalisability of results and away from the majority of the world?s population. We need to expand our research to investigate abilities beyond these limited settings. We address shortcomings in the literature by (1) studying attention control and learning in an understudied population of children in a low- and middle-income country setting in India, (2) focusing research on a critical younger age group of children and (3) using portable eye-tracking technology that can be taken into communities and healthcare settings to increase the accessibility of research in hard-to-reach populations. Our results provide novel evidence on differences in attention control and learning responses in groups of children with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. We show that learning responses in children that we assessed through a portable eye-tracking task, called the ?antisaccade task?, may be specific to autism. This suggests that the methods we use may have the potential to identify and assess autism-specific traits across development, and be used in research in low-resource settings. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221149541 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Attention control in autism: Eye-tracking findings from pre-school children in a low- and middle-income country setting [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Luke MASON, Auteur ; Rashi ARORA, Auteur ; Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Jayashree DASGUPTA, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Teodora GLIGA, Auteur ; Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.43?57. in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.43?57 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  cognition (attention  learning  memory)  development  pre-school children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in the development of attention control and learning have been associated with autism and can be measured using the ?antisaccade task?, which assesses a child?s ability to make an oculomotor response away from a distracting stimulus, and learn to instead anticipate a later reward. We aimed to assess these cognitive processes using portable eye-tracking in an understudied population of pre-school children with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community settings in New Delhi, India. The eye-tracking antisaccade task was presented to children in three groups (n?=?104) (children with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability and children meeting developmental milestones). In accordance with findings from high-income, laboratory-based environments, children learnt to anticipate looks towards a reward, as well as inhibit eye-movements towards a distractor stimulus. We also provide novel evidence that while differences in inhibition responses might be applicable to multiple developmental conditions, a reduced learning to anticipate looks towards a target in this age group may be specific to autism. This eye-tracking task may, therefore, have the potential to identify and assess autism specific traits across development, and be used in longitudinal research studies such as investigating response to intervention in low-resource settings. Lay abstract The development of cognitive processes, such as attention control and learning, has been suggested to be altered in children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, nearly all of our understanding of the development of these cognitive processes comes from studies with school-aged or older children in high-income countries, and from research conducted in a controlled laboratory environment, thereby restricting the potential generalisability of results and away from the majority of the world?s population. We need to expand our research to investigate abilities beyond these limited settings. We address shortcomings in the literature by (1) studying attention control and learning in an understudied population of children in a low- and middle-income country setting in India, (2) focusing research on a critical younger age group of children and (3) using portable eye-tracking technology that can be taken into communities and healthcare settings to increase the accessibility of research in hard-to-reach populations. Our results provide novel evidence on differences in attention control and learning responses in groups of children with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. We show that learning responses in children that we assessed through a portable eye-tracking task, called the ?antisaccade task?, may be specific to autism. This suggests that the methods we use may have the potential to identify and assess autism-specific traits across development, and be used in research in low-resource settings. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221149541 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

"I was Confused ? and Still am" Barriers Impacting the Help-Seeking Pathway for an Autism Diagnosis in Urban North India: A Mixed Methods Study / Supriya BHAVNANI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-4 (April 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1778-1788 Titre : "I was Confused ? and Still am" Barriers Impacting the Help-Seeking Pathway for an Autism Diagnosis in Urban North India: A Mixed Methods Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN, Auteur ; Rashi ARORA, Auteur ; Divya KUMAR, Auteur ; Minal KAKRA, Auteur ; Vivek VAJARATKAR, Auteur ; Monica JUNEJA, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Gauri DIVAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1778-1788 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Caregivers  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  India  Autism Spectrum Disorders  Delay  Diagnosis  Help-seeking pathway  content of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Timely recognition of autism in children is integral to improve developmental outcomes. This study used mixed-methods (84 case-registers and 20 in-depth interviews with caregivers of children with a diagnosis of autism) to explore the extent to which the nature of parental concerns and prior knowledge of developmental disorders impact the time between symptom recognition and autism diagnosis, and the contextual family, societal and health-system related factors that impede the autism help-seeking pathway. Lack of awareness of age-appropriate child developmental milestones, apparent amongst the community and health professionals, contributed to a 1.5-year delay between parental concerns and autism diagnosis. Recommendations to shorten this help-seeking pathway include harnessing the potential of non-specialist workers to increase awareness and enable developmental monitoring of young children through scalable tools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05047-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] "I was Confused ? and Still am" Barriers Impacting the Help-Seeking Pathway for an Autism Diagnosis in Urban North India: A Mixed Methods Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN, Auteur ; Rashi ARORA, Auteur ; Divya KUMAR, Auteur ; Minal KAKRA, Auteur ; Vivek VAJARATKAR, Auteur ; Monica JUNEJA, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur ; Gauri DIVAN, Auteur . - p.1778-1788. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1778-1788 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Caregivers  Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  India  Autism Spectrum Disorders  Delay  Diagnosis  Help-seeking pathway  content of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Timely recognition of autism in children is integral to improve developmental outcomes. This study used mixed-methods (84 case-registers and 20 in-depth interviews with caregivers of children with a diagnosis of autism) to explore the extent to which the nature of parental concerns and prior knowledge of developmental disorders impact the time between symptom recognition and autism diagnosis, and the contextual family, societal and health-system related factors that impede the autism help-seeking pathway. Lack of awareness of age-appropriate child developmental milestones, apparent amongst the community and health professionals, contributed to a 1.5-year delay between parental concerns and autism diagnosis. Recommendations to shorten this help-seeking pathway include harnessing the potential of non-specialist workers to increase awareness and enable developmental monitoring of young children through scalable tools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05047-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Neurodiversity and humanism in autism: An LMIC health care setting perspective / Sheffali GULATI in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1173-1176 Titre : Neurodiversity and humanism in autism: An LMIC health care setting perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Biju HAMEED, Auteur ; Bolajoko O. OLUSANYA, Auteur ; Charles RC NEWTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1173-1176 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231181477 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 [article] Neurodiversity and humanism in autism: An LMIC health care setting perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Biju HAMEED, Auteur ; Bolajoko O. OLUSANYA, Auteur ; Charles RC NEWTON, Auteur . - p.1173-1176. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-5 (July 2023) . - p.1173-1176 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231181477 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507

Using mobile health technology to assess childhood autism in low-resource community settings in India: An innovation to address the detection gap / Indu DUBEY in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.755-769 Titre : Using mobile health technology to assess childhood autism in low-resource community settings in India: An innovation to address the detection gap Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Indu DUBEY, Auteur ; Rahul BISHAIN, Auteur ; Jayashree DASGUPTA, Auteur ; Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur ; Teodora GLIGA, Auteur ; Debarati MUKHERJEE, Auteur ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN, Auteur ; Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Sharat CHANDRAN, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Gauri DIVAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.755-769 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  digital health  global  LMIC Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A diagnosis of autism typically depends on clinical assessments by highly trained professionals. This high resource demand poses a challenge in low-resource settings. Digital assessment of neurodevelopmental symptoms by non-specialists provides a potential avenue to address this challenge. This cross-sectional case-control field study establishes proof of principle for such a digital assessment. We developed and tested an app, START, that can be administered by non-specialists to assess autism phenotypic domains (social, sensory, motor) through child performance and parent reports. N = 131 children (2-7?years old; 48 autistic, 43 intellectually disabled and 40 non-autistic typically developing) from low-resource settings in Delhi-NCR, India were assessed using START in home settings by non-specialist health workers. The two groups of children with neurodevelopmental disorders manifested lower social preference, greater sensory interest and lower fine-motor accuracy compared to their typically developing counterparts. Parent report further distinguished autistic from non-autistic children. Machine-learning analysis combining all START-derived measures demonstrated 78% classification accuracy for the three groups. Qualitative analysis of the interviews with health workers and families of the participants demonstrated high acceptability and feasibility of the app. These results provide feasibility, acceptability and proof of principle for START, and demonstrate the potential of a scalable, mobile tool for assessing neurodevelopmental conditions in low-resource settings. Lay abstract Autism is diagnosed by highly trained professionals- but most autistic people live in parts of the world that harbour few or no such autism specialists and little autism awareness. So many autistic people go undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and misunderstood. We designed an app (START) to identify autism and related conditions in such places, in an attempt to address this global gap in access to specialists. START uses computerised games and activities for children and a questionnaire for parents to measure social, sensory, and motor skills. To check whether START can flag undiagnosed children likely to have neurodevelopmental conditions, we tested START with children whose diagnoses already were known: Non-specialist health workers with just a high-school education took START to family homes in poor neighbourhoods of Delhi, India to work with 131 two-to-seven-year-olds. Differences between typically and atypically developing children were highlighted in all three types of skills that START assesses: children with neurodevelopmental conditions preferred looking at geometric patterns rather than social scenes, were fascinated by predictable, repetitive sensory stimuli, and had more trouble with precise hand movements. Parents' responses to surveys further distinguished autistic from non-autistic children. An artificial-intelligence technique combining all these measures demonstrated that START can fairly accurately flag atypically developing children. Health workers and families endorsed START as attractive to most children, understandable to health workers, and adaptable within sometimes chaotic home and family environments. This study provides a proof of principle for START in digital screening of autism and related conditions in community settings. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231182801 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 [article] Using mobile health technology to assess childhood autism in low-resource community settings in India: An innovation to address the detection gap [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Indu DUBEY, Auteur ; Rahul BISHAIN, Auteur ; Jayashree DASGUPTA, Auteur ; Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur ; Teodora GLIGA, Auteur ; Debarati MUKHERJEE, Auteur ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN, Auteur ; Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Sharat CHANDRAN, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; Sheffali GULATI, Auteur ; Gauri DIVAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.755-769. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.755-769 Mots-clés : Autism  digital health  global  LMIC Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A diagnosis of autism typically depends on clinical assessments by highly trained professionals. This high resource demand poses a challenge in low-resource settings. Digital assessment of neurodevelopmental symptoms by non-specialists provides a potential avenue to address this challenge. This cross-sectional case-control field study establishes proof of principle for such a digital assessment. We developed and tested an app, START, that can be administered by non-specialists to assess autism phenotypic domains (social, sensory, motor) through child performance and parent reports. N = 131 children (2-7?years old; 48 autistic, 43 intellectually disabled and 40 non-autistic typically developing) from low-resource settings in Delhi-NCR, India were assessed using START in home settings by non-specialist health workers. The two groups of children with neurodevelopmental disorders manifested lower social preference, greater sensory interest and lower fine-motor accuracy compared to their typically developing counterparts. Parent report further distinguished autistic from non-autistic children. Machine-learning analysis combining all START-derived measures demonstrated 78% classification accuracy for the three groups. Qualitative analysis of the interviews with health workers and families of the participants demonstrated high acceptability and feasibility of the app. These results provide feasibility, acceptability and proof of principle for START, and demonstrate the potential of a scalable, mobile tool for assessing neurodevelopmental conditions in low-resource settings. Lay abstract Autism is diagnosed by highly trained professionals- but most autistic people live in parts of the world that harbour few or no such autism specialists and little autism awareness. So many autistic people go undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and misunderstood. We designed an app (START) to identify autism and related conditions in such places, in an attempt to address this global gap in access to specialists. START uses computerised games and activities for children and a questionnaire for parents to measure social, sensory, and motor skills. To check whether START can flag undiagnosed children likely to have neurodevelopmental conditions, we tested START with children whose diagnoses already were known: Non-specialist health workers with just a high-school education took START to family homes in poor neighbourhoods of Delhi, India to work with 131 two-to-seven-year-olds. Differences between typically and atypically developing children were highlighted in all three types of skills that START assesses: children with neurodevelopmental conditions preferred looking at geometric patterns rather than social scenes, were fascinated by predictable, repetitive sensory stimuli, and had more trouble with precise hand movements. Parents' responses to surveys further distinguished autistic from non-autistic children. An artificial-intelligence technique combining all these measures demonstrated that START can fairly accurately flag atypically developing children. Health workers and families endorsed START as attractive to most children, understandable to health workers, and adaptable within sometimes chaotic home and family environments. This study provides a proof of principle for START in digital screening of autism and related conditions in community settings. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231182801 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523

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