Autistic adults' perspectives on appropriate empathic responses to others' emotions / Neil BREWER in Autism Research, 16-8 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-8 (August 2023) . - p.1573-1585 Titre : Autistic adults' perspectives on appropriate empathic responses to others' emotions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Carmen A. LUCAS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1573-1585 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although the ability of autistic adults to recognize others' emotions has been extensively studied, less attention has been given to how they respond to these emotions. We examined two aspects of autistic and non-autistic adults' responsiveness to the emotional expressions of non-autistic actors: their perspectives on the appropriate way of responding to others' emotions and their awareness of others' perceptions of the likely appropriateness of such responses. Autistic (N=63) and non-autistic (N=67) adult samples viewed videos of 74 dyadic social interactions displaying different examples of 12 emotions expressed by one actor in response to the behavior of the other. After each video, participants (a) nominated the emotion expressed by the first actor, (b) offered their perspective on what would constitute an appropriate empathic response by the second actor, and (c) indicated their confidence in that response. Although the autistic group provided fewer appropriate empathic responses-operationalized via a panel's interpretations of normative responses-than the non-autistic group, within-group variability was marked, and the effect was weak and largely confined to basic emotions. Autistic individuals were, however, considerably less confident in their responses. Examination of the relationships between confidence in and the appropriateness of empathic responses provided no indication in either group of reliable discrimination of appropriate from inappropriate empathic responses or finely tuned metacognitive awareness of variations in appropriateness. In sum, autistic adults' perspectives on the appropriate empathic reactions to non-autistic adults' emotions were not unilaterally or markedly different to those of non-autistic adults. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2965 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510 [article] Autistic adults' perspectives on appropriate empathic responses to others' emotions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Carmen A. LUCAS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur . - p.1573-1585. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-8 (August 2023) . - p.1573-1585 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although the ability of autistic adults to recognize others' emotions has been extensively studied, less attention has been given to how they respond to these emotions. We examined two aspects of autistic and non-autistic adults' responsiveness to the emotional expressions of non-autistic actors: their perspectives on the appropriate way of responding to others' emotions and their awareness of others' perceptions of the likely appropriateness of such responses. Autistic (N=63) and non-autistic (N=67) adult samples viewed videos of 74 dyadic social interactions displaying different examples of 12 emotions expressed by one actor in response to the behavior of the other. After each video, participants (a) nominated the emotion expressed by the first actor, (b) offered their perspective on what would constitute an appropriate empathic response by the second actor, and (c) indicated their confidence in that response. Although the autistic group provided fewer appropriate empathic responses-operationalized via a panel's interpretations of normative responses-than the non-autistic group, within-group variability was marked, and the effect was weak and largely confined to basic emotions. Autistic individuals were, however, considerably less confident in their responses. Examination of the relationships between confidence in and the appropriateness of empathic responses provided no indication in either group of reliable discrimination of appropriate from inappropriate empathic responses or finely tuned metacognitive awareness of variations in appropriateness. In sum, autistic adults' perspectives on the appropriate empathic reactions to non-autistic adults' emotions were not unilaterally or markedly different to those of non-autistic adults. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2965 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510

Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition / Neil BREWER in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1508-1521 Titre : Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Carmen A. LUCAS, Auteur ; Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1508-1521 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Emotions/physiology  Facial Expression  Humans  Metacognition  autistic adults  confidence-accuracy calibration  emotion recognition  metacognitive awareness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals and awareness of such difficulties may be critical for the identification and pursuit of strategies that will mitigate their adverse effects. We examined metacognitive awareness of face emotion recognition responses in autistic (N =63) and non-autistic (N =67) adults across (a) static, dynamic and social face emotion stimuli, (b) free- and forced-report response formats, and (c) four different sets of the six "basic" and six "complex" emotions. Within-individual relationships between recognition accuracy and post-recognition confidence provided no indication that autistic individuals were poorer at discriminating correct from incorrect recognition responses than non-autistic individuals, although both groups exhibited marked inter-individual variability. Although the autistic group was less accurate and slower to recognize emotions, confidence-accuracy calibration analyses provided no evidence of reduced sensitivity on their part to fluctuations in their emotion recognition performance. Across variations in stimulus type, response format and emotion, increases in accuracy were associated with progressively higher confidence, with similar calibration curves for both groups. Calibration curves for both groups were, however, characterized by overconfidence at the higher confidence levels (i.e., overall accuracy less than the average confidence level), with the non-autistic group contributing more decisions with 90%-100% confidence. Comparisons of slow and fast responders provided no evidence of a "hard-easy" effect-the tendency to exhibit overconfidence during hard tasks and underconfidence during easy tasks-suggesting that autistic individuals' slower recognition responding may reflect a strategic difference rather than a processing speed limitation. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals may have difficulty recognizing other people's facial emotions. However, little is known about their awareness of any emotion recognition difficulties they may experience. This study indicates that, although there is considerable individual variability, autistic adults were as sensitive to variations in the accuracy of their recognition of others' emotions as their non-autistic peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2781 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Carmen A. LUCAS, Auteur ; Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur . - p.1508-1521. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1508-1521 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Emotions/physiology  Facial Expression  Humans  Metacognition  autistic adults  confidence-accuracy calibration  emotion recognition  metacognitive awareness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals and awareness of such difficulties may be critical for the identification and pursuit of strategies that will mitigate their adverse effects. We examined metacognitive awareness of face emotion recognition responses in autistic (N =63) and non-autistic (N =67) adults across (a) static, dynamic and social face emotion stimuli, (b) free- and forced-report response formats, and (c) four different sets of the six "basic" and six "complex" emotions. Within-individual relationships between recognition accuracy and post-recognition confidence provided no indication that autistic individuals were poorer at discriminating correct from incorrect recognition responses than non-autistic individuals, although both groups exhibited marked inter-individual variability. Although the autistic group was less accurate and slower to recognize emotions, confidence-accuracy calibration analyses provided no evidence of reduced sensitivity on their part to fluctuations in their emotion recognition performance. Across variations in stimulus type, response format and emotion, increases in accuracy were associated with progressively higher confidence, with similar calibration curves for both groups. Calibration curves for both groups were, however, characterized by overconfidence at the higher confidence levels (i.e., overall accuracy less than the average confidence level), with the non-autistic group contributing more decisions with 90%-100% confidence. Comparisons of slow and fast responders provided no evidence of a "hard-easy" effect-the tendency to exhibit overconfidence during hard tasks and underconfidence during easy tasks-suggesting that autistic individuals' slower recognition responding may reflect a strategic difference rather than a processing speed limitation. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals may have difficulty recognizing other people's facial emotions. However, little is known about their awareness of any emotion recognition difficulties they may experience. This study indicates that, although there is considerable individual variability, autistic adults were as sensitive to variations in the accuracy of their recognition of others' emotions as their non-autistic peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2781 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Speed and accuracy of emotion recognition in autistic adults: The role of stimulus type, response format, and emotion / Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1686-1697 Titre : Speed and accuracy of emotion recognition in autistic adults: The role of stimulus type, response format, and emotion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Carmen A LUCAS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1686-1697 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions/physiology  Facial Expression  Humans  Recognition, Psychology/physiology  accuracy  autistic adults  confidence  emotion recognition  latency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals. Prior research has been dominated by a focus on forced-choice recognition response accuracy for static face presentations of basic emotions, often involving small samples. Using free-report and multiple-choice response formats, we compared emotion recognition in IQ-matched autistic (N = 63) and nonautistic (N = 67) adult samples using 12 face emotion stimuli presented in three different stimulus formats (static, dynamic, social) that varied the degree of accompanying contextual information. Percent agreement with normative recognition responses (usually labeled "recognition accuracy") was slightly lower for autistic adults. Both groups displayed marked inter-individual variability and, although there was considerable overlap between groups, a very small subset of autistic individuals recorded lower percent agreement than any of the nonautistic sample. Overall, autistic individuals were significantly slower to respond and less confident. Although stimulus type, response format, and emotion affected percent agreement, latency and confidence, their interactions with group were nonsignificant and the associated effect sizes extremely small. The findings challenge notions that autistic adults have core deficits in emotion recognition and are more likely than nonautistic adults to be overwhelmed by increasingly dynamic or complex emotion stimuli and to experience difficulties recognizing specific emotions. Suggested research priorities include clarifying whether longer recognition latencies reflect fundamental processing limitations or adjustable strategic influences, probing age-related changes in emotion recognition across adulthood, and identifying the links between difficulties highlighted by traditional emotion recognition paradigms and real-world social functioning. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals are less accurate than nonautistic individuals at recognizing other people's facial emotions. Using a wide array of emotions presented in various contexts, this study suggests that autistic individuals are, on average, only slightly less accurate but at the same time somewhat slower when classifying others' emotions. However, there was considerable overlap between the two groups, and great variability between individuals. The differences between groups prevailed regardless of how stimuli were presented, the response required or the particular emotion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2713 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Speed and accuracy of emotion recognition in autistic adults: The role of stimulus type, response format, and emotion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marie Antonia GEORGOPOULOS, Auteur ; Neil BREWER, Auteur ; Carmen A LUCAS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur . - p.1686-1697. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1686-1697 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions/physiology  Facial Expression  Humans  Recognition, Psychology/physiology  accuracy  autistic adults  confidence  emotion recognition  latency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals. Prior research has been dominated by a focus on forced-choice recognition response accuracy for static face presentations of basic emotions, often involving small samples. Using free-report and multiple-choice response formats, we compared emotion recognition in IQ-matched autistic (N = 63) and nonautistic (N = 67) adult samples using 12 face emotion stimuli presented in three different stimulus formats (static, dynamic, social) that varied the degree of accompanying contextual information. Percent agreement with normative recognition responses (usually labeled "recognition accuracy") was slightly lower for autistic adults. Both groups displayed marked inter-individual variability and, although there was considerable overlap between groups, a very small subset of autistic individuals recorded lower percent agreement than any of the nonautistic sample. Overall, autistic individuals were significantly slower to respond and less confident. Although stimulus type, response format, and emotion affected percent agreement, latency and confidence, their interactions with group were nonsignificant and the associated effect sizes extremely small. The findings challenge notions that autistic adults have core deficits in emotion recognition and are more likely than nonautistic adults to be overwhelmed by increasingly dynamic or complex emotion stimuli and to experience difficulties recognizing specific emotions. Suggested research priorities include clarifying whether longer recognition latencies reflect fundamental processing limitations or adjustable strategic influences, probing age-related changes in emotion recognition across adulthood, and identifying the links between difficulties highlighted by traditional emotion recognition paradigms and real-world social functioning. LAY SUMMARY: It is generally considered that autistic individuals are less accurate than nonautistic individuals at recognizing other people's facial emotions. Using a wide array of emotions presented in various contexts, this study suggests that autistic individuals are, on average, only slightly less accurate but at the same time somewhat slower when classifying others' emotions. However, there was considerable overlap between the two groups, and great variability between individuals. The differences between groups prevailed regardless of how stimuli were presented, the response required or the particular emotion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2713 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

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