Dis/Associations Between Language and In-the-Moment Mental Rotation Effort in Autism / Caroline LARSON in Autism Research, 18-10 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-10 (October 2025) . - p.2041-2053 Titre : Dis/Associations Between Language and In-the-Moment Mental Rotation Effort in Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Laura M. MORETT, Auteur ; Sophie BARTH, Auteur ; Stephanie DURRLEMAN, Auteur ; Mila VULCHANOVA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2041-2053 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  language  mental rotation  pupillometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT In-the-moment dissociations between language and visuospatial systems in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may explain notable heterogeneity observed in both language and visuospatial skills. The current study used pupillometry, a physiological measure of in-the-moment cognitive effort, during a mental rotation task to examine associations between structural language and visuospatial cognition. Participants were 25 children and young adults with ASD and 25 age- and IQ-matched neurotypical (NT) peers. The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two- and three-dimensional figures, and two- and three-dimensional objects. We measured structural language using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate. Growth-curve mixed-effects model results indicated no overall group differences in average pupil dilation or the time course of cognitive effort. Group differences were evident in the association between grammar skills and latency of cognitive effort for stimuli in the objects, 3D, and, more narrowly, 3D objects conditions. Autistic individuals with relatively better grammar skills deployed cognitive effort less efficiently, whereas, NT individuals with relatively better grammar skills deployed cognitive effort more efficiently. These findings suggest that language and visuospatial systems are more dissociated in autistic individuals than in NT peers. This work underscores the importance of examining the time course of how language and cognition interact in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70101 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569 [article] Dis/Associations Between Language and In-the-Moment Mental Rotation Effort in Autism [texte imprimé] / Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Laura M. MORETT, Auteur ; Sophie BARTH, Auteur ; Stephanie DURRLEMAN, Auteur ; Mila VULCHANOVA, Auteur . - p.2041-2053. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-10 (October 2025) . - p.2041-2053 Mots-clés : autism  language  mental rotation  pupillometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT In-the-moment dissociations between language and visuospatial systems in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may explain notable heterogeneity observed in both language and visuospatial skills. The current study used pupillometry, a physiological measure of in-the-moment cognitive effort, during a mental rotation task to examine associations between structural language and visuospatial cognition. Participants were 25 children and young adults with ASD and 25 age- and IQ-matched neurotypical (NT) peers. The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two- and three-dimensional figures, and two- and three-dimensional objects. We measured structural language using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate. Growth-curve mixed-effects model results indicated no overall group differences in average pupil dilation or the time course of cognitive effort. Group differences were evident in the association between grammar skills and latency of cognitive effort for stimuli in the objects, 3D, and, more narrowly, 3D objects conditions. Autistic individuals with relatively better grammar skills deployed cognitive effort less efficiently, whereas, NT individuals with relatively better grammar skills deployed cognitive effort more efficiently. These findings suggest that language and visuospatial systems are more dissociated in autistic individuals than in NT peers. This work underscores the importance of examining the time course of how language and cognition interact in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70101 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569

Editorial Perspective: Another look at Ëœoptimal outcome’ in autism spectrum disorder / Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-2 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-2 (February 2023) . - p.332-334 Titre : Editorial Perspective: Another look at Ëœoptimal outcome’ in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Caroline LARSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.332-334 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper addresses the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorder features follow multiple long-term developmental trajectories, including an absence of symptoms that were present in childhood, by the time of adolescence. In early work on this topic, this circumstance was called an Ëœoptimal outcome’. To better reflect the reality of multiple excellent outcomes regardless of whether autism spectrum disorder features are present or absent, including autonomy, daily living skills, communication skills, and relationships and employment/activities outside the home, the terminology Ëœloss of autism diagnosis’ (LAD) has been proposed as a substitute. The paper also contextualizes an LAD outcome within research, practice and advocacy. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492 [article] Editorial Perspective: Another look at Ëœoptimal outcome’ in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Caroline LARSON, Auteur . - p.332-334. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-2 (February 2023) . - p.332-334 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper addresses the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorder features follow multiple long-term developmental trajectories, including an absence of symptoms that were present in childhood, by the time of adolescence. In early work on this topic, this circumstance was called an Ëœoptimal outcome’. To better reflect the reality of multiple excellent outcomes regardless of whether autism spectrum disorder features are present or absent, including autonomy, daily living skills, communication skills, and relationships and employment/activities outside the home, the terminology Ëœloss of autism diagnosis’ (LAD) has been proposed as a substitute. The paper also contextualizes an LAD outcome within research, practice and advocacy. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492

Investigating frank autism: clinician initial impressions and autism characteristics / Caroline LARSON ; Rebecca P THOMAS ; Marianne L. BARTON ; Deborah FEIN ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 48 Titre : Investigating frank autism: clinician initial impressions and autism characteristics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Rebecca P THOMAS, Auteur ; Marianne L. BARTON, Auteur ; Deborah FEIN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Adolescent  Male  Female  Adult  Child  Young Adult  *Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autism diagnosis  Autism in adulthood  Five-minute impressions  Loss of autism diagnosis  Optimal outcomes  Prototypical autism  was approved by the University of Connecticut IRB. Consent for publication Not  applicable. Competing interests Dr. Fein and Dr. Barton are co-owners of M-CHAT  LLC, which licenses use of the M-CHAT-R in electronic products. The other authors  declare that they have no conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: "Frank autism," recognizable through the first minutes of an interaction, describes a behavioral presentation of a subset of autistic individuals that is closely tied to social communication challenges, and may be linked to so-called "prototypical autism." To date, there is no research on frank autism presentations of autistic adolescents and young adults, nor individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in childhood who do not meet diagnostic criteria during or after adolescence (loss of autism diagnosis, LAD). In addition, there are currently no data on the factors that drive frank autism impressions in these adolescent groups. METHODS: This study quantifies initial impressions of autistic characteristics in 24 autistic, 24 LAD and 26 neurotypical (NT) individuals ages 12 to 39 years. Graduate student and expert clinicians completed five-minute impressions, rated confidence in their own impressions, and scored the atypicality of behaviors associated with impressions; impressions were compared with current gold-standard diagnostic outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, clinicians' impressions within the first five minutes generally matched current gold-standard diagnostic status (clinical best estimate), were highly correlated with ADOS-2 CSS, and were driven primarily by prosodic and facial cues. However, this brief observation did not detect autism in all cases. While clinicians noted some subclinical atypicalities in the LAD group, impressions of the LAD and NT groups were similar. LIMITATIONS: The brief observations in this study were conducted during clinical research, including some semi-structured assessments. While results suggest overall concordance between initial impressions and diagnoses following more thorough evaluation, findings may not generalize to less structured, informal contexts. In addition, our sample was demographically homogeneous and comprised only speaking autistic participants. They were also unmatched for sex, with more females in the non-autistic group. Future studies should recruit samples that are diverse in demographic variables and ability level to replicate these findings and explore their implications. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the behavioral characteristics that contribute to the diagnosis of adolescents and young adults and may help inform diagnostic decision making in the wake of an increase in the demand for autism evaluations later than childhood. They also substantiate claims of an absence of apparent autistic characteristics in individuals who have lost the diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00627-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Investigating frank autism: clinician initial impressions and autism characteristics [texte imprimé] / Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Rebecca P THOMAS, Auteur ; Marianne L. BARTON, Auteur ; Deborah FEIN, Auteur ; Inge-Marie EIGSTI, Auteur . - 48. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 48 Mots-clés : Humans  Adolescent  Male  Female  Adult  Child  Young Adult  *Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autism diagnosis  Autism in adulthood  Five-minute impressions  Loss of autism diagnosis  Optimal outcomes  Prototypical autism  was approved by the University of Connecticut IRB. Consent for publication Not  applicable. Competing interests Dr. Fein and Dr. Barton are co-owners of M-CHAT  LLC, which licenses use of the M-CHAT-R in electronic products. The other authors  declare that they have no conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: "Frank autism," recognizable through the first minutes of an interaction, describes a behavioral presentation of a subset of autistic individuals that is closely tied to social communication challenges, and may be linked to so-called "prototypical autism." To date, there is no research on frank autism presentations of autistic adolescents and young adults, nor individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in childhood who do not meet diagnostic criteria during or after adolescence (loss of autism diagnosis, LAD). In addition, there are currently no data on the factors that drive frank autism impressions in these adolescent groups. METHODS: This study quantifies initial impressions of autistic characteristics in 24 autistic, 24 LAD and 26 neurotypical (NT) individuals ages 12 to 39 years. Graduate student and expert clinicians completed five-minute impressions, rated confidence in their own impressions, and scored the atypicality of behaviors associated with impressions; impressions were compared with current gold-standard diagnostic outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, clinicians' impressions within the first five minutes generally matched current gold-standard diagnostic status (clinical best estimate), were highly correlated with ADOS-2 CSS, and were driven primarily by prosodic and facial cues. However, this brief observation did not detect autism in all cases. While clinicians noted some subclinical atypicalities in the LAD group, impressions of the LAD and NT groups were similar. LIMITATIONS: The brief observations in this study were conducted during clinical research, including some semi-structured assessments. While results suggest overall concordance between initial impressions and diagnoses following more thorough evaluation, findings may not generalize to less structured, informal contexts. In addition, our sample was demographically homogeneous and comprised only speaking autistic participants. They were also unmatched for sex, with more females in the non-autistic group. Future studies should recruit samples that are diverse in demographic variables and ability level to replicate these findings and explore their implications. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the behavioral characteristics that contribute to the diagnosis of adolescents and young adults and may help inform diagnostic decision making in the wake of an increase in the demand for autism evaluations later than childhood. They also substantiate claims of an absence of apparent autistic characteristics in individuals who have lost the diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00627-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder / Caroline LARSON in Autism Research, 17-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.785-798 Titre : Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Agata BOCHYNSKA, Auteur ; Mila VULCHANOVA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.785-798 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Though visuospatial skills are often considered a relative strength in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), unexplained difficulties relative to neurotypical (NT) peers have also been observed. Dissociations between spatial cognition and language skills in ASD may explain these difficulties given that these systems are linked in NT individuals. The current study examined performance on a mental rotation task that systematically varied stimulus features and the degree to which performance was associated with language in ASD relative to NT peers. Participants were children and young adults with ASD and 25 pairwise age- and IQ-matched NT peers (p's>0.53). The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two-dimensional (2D) abstract figures, three-dimensional (3D) abstract figures, 2D common objects, and 3D common objects. Structural language was measured using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate adapted for Norwegian. Mixed-effects model results indicated that autistic individuals were less accurate and had slower reaction time across mental rotation task conditions than NT peers. Language was associated with mental rotation accuracy for both groups across conditions, but with reaction time only for the NT group. The current study demonstrated selective associations between language and performance on a classic spatial cognition task in autistic individuals. Namely, there was a dissociation between language and in-the-moment efficiency in the ASD group, and this dissociation may reflect a broader dissociation between visuospatial and language systems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3128 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Mental rotation and language in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Agata BOCHYNSKA, Auteur ; Mila VULCHANOVA, Auteur . - p.785-798. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-4 (April 2024) . - p.785-798 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Though visuospatial skills are often considered a relative strength in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), unexplained difficulties relative to neurotypical (NT) peers have also been observed. Dissociations between spatial cognition and language skills in ASD may explain these difficulties given that these systems are linked in NT individuals. The current study examined performance on a mental rotation task that systematically varied stimulus features and the degree to which performance was associated with language in ASD relative to NT peers. Participants were children and young adults with ASD and 25 pairwise age- and IQ-matched NT peers (p's>0.53). The mental rotation task involved four conditions: two-dimensional (2D) abstract figures, three-dimensional (3D) abstract figures, 2D common objects, and 3D common objects. Structural language was measured using the grammar subscale from the Test of Language Development: Intermediate adapted for Norwegian. Mixed-effects model results indicated that autistic individuals were less accurate and had slower reaction time across mental rotation task conditions than NT peers. Language was associated with mental rotation accuracy for both groups across conditions, but with reaction time only for the NT group. The current study demonstrated selective associations between language and performance on a classic spatial cognition task in autistic individuals. Namely, there was a dissociation between language and in-the-moment efficiency in the ASD group, and this dissociation may reflect a broader dissociation between visuospatial and language systems. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3128 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Use of Mutual Exclusivity and its Relationship to Language Ability in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Janine MATHEE-SCOTT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-10 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-10 (October 2022) . - p.4528-4539 Titre : Use of Mutual Exclusivity and its Relationship to Language Ability in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Janine MATHEE-SCOTT, Auteur ; Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Courtney E. VENKER, Auteur ; Ron POMPER, Auteur ; Jan EDWARDS, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4528-4539 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Language development  Learning mechanisms  Mutual exclusivity  Novelty  Referent selection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To efficiently learn new words, children use constraints such as mutual exclusivity (ME) to narrow the search for potential referents. The current study investigated the use of ME in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) peers matched on nonverbal cognition. Thirty-two toddlers with ASD and 26 NT toddlers participated in a looking-while-listening task. Images of novel and familiar objects were presented along with a novel or familiar label. Overall, toddlers with ASD showed less efficient looking toward a novel referent when a novel label was presented compared to NT toddlers, controlling for age and familiar word knowledge. However, toddlers with ASD and higher language ability demonstrated more robust use of ME than those with lower language ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05321-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486 [article] Use of Mutual Exclusivity and its Relationship to Language Ability in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Janine MATHEE-SCOTT, Auteur ; Caroline LARSON, Auteur ; Courtney E. VENKER, Auteur ; Ron POMPER, Auteur ; Jan EDWARDS, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur . - p.4528-4539. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-10 (October 2022) . - p.4528-4539 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Language development  Learning mechanisms  Mutual exclusivity  Novelty  Referent selection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To efficiently learn new words, children use constraints such as mutual exclusivity (ME) to narrow the search for potential referents. The current study investigated the use of ME in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) peers matched on nonverbal cognition. Thirty-two toddlers with ASD and 26 NT toddlers participated in a looking-while-listening task. Images of novel and familiar objects were presented along with a novel or familiar label. Overall, toddlers with ASD showed less efficient looking toward a novel referent when a novel label was presented compared to NT toddlers, controlling for age and familiar word knowledge. However, toddlers with ASD and higher language ability demonstrated more robust use of ME than those with lower language ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05321-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486

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