Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth / Antonia TKALCEC in Autism Research, 16-10 (October 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1946-1962 Titre : Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Antonia TKALCEC, Auteur ; Maria BIERLEIN, Auteur ; Gudrun SEEGER-SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; Bettina JENNY, Auteur ; Willeke M. MENKS, Auteur ; Lynn V. FELHBAUM, Auteur ; Reka BORBAS, Auteur ; David M. COLE, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Evelyn HERBRECHT, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur ; Ana I. CUBILLO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1946-1962 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Distinct empathy deficits are often described in patients with conduct disorder (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet their neural underpinnings and the influence of comorbid Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are unclear. This study compares the cognitive (CE) and affective empathy (AE) abilities of youth with CD and ASD, their potential neuroanatomical correlates, and the influence of CU traits on empathy. Adolescents and parents/caregivers completed empathy questionnaires (N 148 adolescents, mean age 15.16 years) and T1 weighted images were obtained from a subsample (N 130). Group differences in empathy and the influence of CU traits were investigated using Bayesian analyses and Voxel-Based Morphometry with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement focusing on regions involved in AE (insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate cortex) and CE processes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus). The ASD group showed lower parent-reported AE and CE scores and lower self-reported CE scores while the CD group showed lower parent-reported CE scores than controls. When accounting for the influence of CU traits no AE deficits in ASD and CE deficits in CD were found, but CE deficits in ASD remained. Across all participants, CU traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in anterior cingulate which extends into the mid cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Thus, although co-occurring CU traits have been linked to global empathy deficits in reports and underlying brain structures, its influence on empathy aspects might be disorder-specific. Investigating the subdimensions of empathy may therefore help to identify disorder-specific empathy deficits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2993 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Empathy deficits, callous-unemotional traits and structural underpinnings in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder youth [texte imprimé] / Antonia TKALCEC, Auteur ; Maria BIERLEIN, Auteur ; Gudrun SEEGER-SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; Bettina JENNY, Auteur ; Willeke M. MENKS, Auteur ; Lynn V. FELHBAUM, Auteur ; Reka BORBAS, Auteur ; David M. COLE, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Evelyn HERBRECHT, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur ; Ana I. CUBILLO, Auteur . - p.1946-1962. in Autism Research > 16-10 (October 2023) . - p.1946-1962 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Distinct empathy deficits are often described in patients with conduct disorder (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet their neural underpinnings and the influence of comorbid Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are unclear. This study compares the cognitive (CE) and affective empathy (AE) abilities of youth with CD and ASD, their potential neuroanatomical correlates, and the influence of CU traits on empathy. Adolescents and parents/caregivers completed empathy questionnaires (N 148 adolescents, mean age 15.16 years) and T1 weighted images were obtained from a subsample (N 130). Group differences in empathy and the influence of CU traits were investigated using Bayesian analyses and Voxel-Based Morphometry with Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement focusing on regions involved in AE (insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate cortex) and CE processes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus). The ASD group showed lower parent-reported AE and CE scores and lower self-reported CE scores while the CD group showed lower parent-reported CE scores than controls. When accounting for the influence of CU traits no AE deficits in ASD and CE deficits in CD were found, but CE deficits in ASD remained. Across all participants, CU traits were negatively associated with gray matter volumes in anterior cingulate which extends into the mid cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Thus, although co-occurring CU traits have been linked to global empathy deficits in reports and underlying brain structures, its influence on empathy aspects might be disorder-specific. Investigating the subdimensions of empathy may therefore help to identify disorder-specific empathy deficits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2993 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Gaze behavior, facial emotion processing, and neural underpinnings: A comparison of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder / Antonia TKALCEC in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-11 (November 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-11 (November 2025) . - p.1664-1674 Titre : Gaze behavior, facial emotion processing, and neural underpinnings: A comparison of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Antonia TKALCEC, Auteur ; Alessandro BALDASSARRI, Auteur ; Alex JUNGHANS, Auteur ; Vithusan SOMASUNDARAM, Auteur ; Willeke M. MENKS, Auteur ; Lynn V. FEHLBAUM, Auteur ; Reka BORBAS, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Gudrun SEEGER-SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Bettina JENNY, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; David M. COLE, Auteur ; Philipp STERZER, Auteur ; Francesco SANTINI, Auteur ; Evelyn HERBRECHT, Auteur ; Ana CUBILLO, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1664-1674 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  autism spectrum disorders  emotion processing  eye gaze  brain activation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Facial emotion processing deficits and atypical eye gaze are often described in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with conduct disorder (CD) and high callous unemotional (CU) traits. Yet, the underlying neural mechanisms of these deficits are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate if eye gaze can partially account for the differences in brain activation in youth with ASD, with CD, and typically developing youth (TD). Methods In total, 105 adolescent participants (NCD?=?39, NASD?=?27, NTD?=?39; mean age?=?15.59?years) underwent a brain functional imaging session including eye tracking during an implicit emotion processing task while parents/caregivers completed questionnaires. Group differences in gaze behavior (number of fixations to the eye and mouth regions) for different facial expressions (neutral, fearful, angry) presented in the task were investigated using Bayesian analyses. Full-factorial models were used to investigate group differences in brain activation with and without including gaze behavior parameters and focusing on brain regions underlying facial emotion processing (insula, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex). Results Youth with ASD showed increased fixations on the mouth compared to TD and CD groups. CD participants with high CU traits tended to show fewer fixations to the eye region compared to TD for all emotions. Brain imaging results show higher right anterior insula activation in the ASD compared with the CD group when angry faces were presented. The inclusion of gaze behavior parameters in the model reduced the size of that cluster. Conclusions Differences in insula activation may be partially explained by gaze behavior. This implies an important role of gaze behavior in facial emotion processing, which should be considered for future brain imaging studies. In addition, our results suggest that targeting gaze behavior in interventions might be potentially beneficial for disorders showing impairments associated with the processing of emotional faces. The relation between eye gaze, CU traits, and neural function in different diagnoses needs further clarification in larger samples. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Gaze behavior, facial emotion processing, and neural underpinnings: A comparison of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorder [texte imprimé] / Antonia TKALCEC, Auteur ; Alessandro BALDASSARRI, Auteur ; Alex JUNGHANS, Auteur ; Vithusan SOMASUNDARAM, Auteur ; Willeke M. MENKS, Auteur ; Lynn V. FEHLBAUM, Auteur ; Reka BORBAS, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Gudrun SEEGER-SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Bettina JENNY, Auteur ; Susanne WALITZA, Auteur ; David M. COLE, Auteur ; Philipp STERZER, Auteur ; Francesco SANTINI, Auteur ; Evelyn HERBRECHT, Auteur ; Ana CUBILLO, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur . - p.1664-1674. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-11 (November 2025) . - p.1664-1674 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  autism spectrum disorders  emotion processing  eye gaze  brain activation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Facial emotion processing deficits and atypical eye gaze are often described in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with conduct disorder (CD) and high callous unemotional (CU) traits. Yet, the underlying neural mechanisms of these deficits are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate if eye gaze can partially account for the differences in brain activation in youth with ASD, with CD, and typically developing youth (TD). Methods In total, 105 adolescent participants (NCD?=?39, NASD?=?27, NTD?=?39; mean age?=?15.59?years) underwent a brain functional imaging session including eye tracking during an implicit emotion processing task while parents/caregivers completed questionnaires. Group differences in gaze behavior (number of fixations to the eye and mouth regions) for different facial expressions (neutral, fearful, angry) presented in the task were investigated using Bayesian analyses. Full-factorial models were used to investigate group differences in brain activation with and without including gaze behavior parameters and focusing on brain regions underlying facial emotion processing (insula, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex). Results Youth with ASD showed increased fixations on the mouth compared to TD and CD groups. CD participants with high CU traits tended to show fewer fixations to the eye region compared to TD for all emotions. Brain imaging results show higher right anterior insula activation in the ASD compared with the CD group when angry faces were presented. The inclusion of gaze behavior parameters in the model reduced the size of that cluster. Conclusions Differences in insula activation may be partially explained by gaze behavior. This implies an important role of gaze behavior in facial emotion processing, which should be considered for future brain imaging studies. In addition, our results suggest that targeting gaze behavior in interventions might be potentially beneficial for disorders showing impairments associated with the processing of emotional faces. The relation between eye gaze, CU traits, and neural function in different diagnoses needs further clarification in larger samples. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry / Stephane A. DE BRITO ; Graeme FAIRCHILD ; Christine M. FREITAG ; Karen GONZALEZ-MADRUGA ; Catherine HAMILTON-GIACHRITSIS ; Gregor KOHLS ; Kerstin KONRAD ; Anne MARTINELLI ; Nora RASCHLE ; Jack C. ROGERS ; Areti SMARAGDI ; Christina STADLER ; Marlene STAGINNUS ; Nicola TOSCHI in Development and Psychopathology, 35-5 (December 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2302-2314 Titre : Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Karen GONZALEZ-MADRUGA, Auteur ; Catherine HAMILTON-GIACHRITSIS, Auteur ; Gregor KOHLS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Anne MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Jack C. ROGERS, Auteur ; Areti SMARAGDI, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur ; Marlene STAGINNUS, Auteur ; Nicola TOSCHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2302-2314 Mots-clés : Resilience  adversity  brain structure  voxel-based morphometry  youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9 18 years (Mage = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual?s distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000718 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry [texte imprimé] / Stephane A. DE BRITO, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Karen GONZALEZ-MADRUGA, Auteur ; Catherine HAMILTON-GIACHRITSIS, Auteur ; Gregor KOHLS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Anne MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Jack C. ROGERS, Auteur ; Areti SMARAGDI, Auteur ; Christina STADLER, Auteur ; Marlene STAGINNUS, Auteur ; Nicola TOSCHI, Auteur . - p.2302-2314. in Development and Psychopathology > 35-5 (December 2023) . - p.2302-2314 Mots-clés : Resilience  adversity  brain structure  voxel-based morphometry  youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9 18 years (Mage = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual?s distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000718 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

START NOW: a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder ? a randomized clinical trial / Christine M. FREITAG ; Arne POPMA ; Lucres NAUTA-JANSEN ; Kerstin KONRAD ; Eva UNTERNAEHRER ; Katharina ACKERMANN ; Anka BERNHARD ; Anne MARTINELLI ; Helena OLDENHOF ; Malou GUNDLACH ; Gregor KOHLS ; Martin PRÄTZLICH ; Meinhard KIESER ; Ronald LIMPRECHT ; Nora RASCHLE ; Noortje VRIENDS ; Robert L. TRESTMAN ; Marietta KIRCHNER ; Linda KERSTEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-3 (March 2023) . - p.316-327 Titre : START NOW: a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder ? a randomized clinical trial Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Arne POPMA, Auteur ; Lucres NAUTA-JANSEN, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Eva UNTERNAEHRER, Auteur ; Katharina ACKERMANN, Auteur ; Anka BERNHARD, Auteur ; Anne MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Helena OLDENHOF, Auteur ; Malou GUNDLACH, Auteur ; Gregor KOHLS, Auteur ; Martin PRÄTZLICH, Auteur ; Meinhard KIESER, Auteur ; Ronald LIMPRECHT, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Noortje VRIENDS, Auteur ; Robert L. TRESTMAN, Auteur ; Marietta KIRCHNER, Auteur ; Linda KERSTEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.316-327 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) both convey a high risk for maladjustment later in life and are understudied in girls. Here, we aimed at confirming the efficacy of START NOW, a cognitive-behavioral, dialectical behavior therapy-oriented skills training program aiming to enhance emotion regulation skills, interpersonal and psychosocial adjustment, adapted for female adolescents with CD or ODD. Methods A total of 127 girls were included in this prospective, cluster randomized, multi-center, parallel group, quasi-randomized, controlled phase III trial, which tested the efficacy of START NOW (n 72) compared with standard care (treatment as usual, TAU, n 55). All female adolescents had a clinical diagnosis of CD or ODD, were 15.6 (+1.5) years on average (range: 12 20 years), and were institutionalized in youth welfare institutions. The two primary endpoints were the change in number of CD/ODD symptoms between (1) baseline (T1) and post-treatment (T3), and (2) between T1 and 12-week follow-up (T4). Results Both treatment groups showed reduced CD/ODD symptoms at T3 compared with T1 (95% CI: START NOW 4.87, 2.49; TAU 4.94, 2.30). There was no significant mean difference in CD/ODD symptom reduction from T1 to T3 between START NOW and TAU ( 0.056; 95% CI 1.860, 1.749; Hedge's g 0.011). However, the START NOW group showed greater mean symptom reduction from T1 to T4 ( 2.326; 95% CI 4.274, 0.378; Hedge's g 0.563). Additionally, secondary endpoint results revealed a reduction in staff reported aggression and parent-reported irritability at post assessment. Conclusions Although START NOW did not result in greater symptom reduction from baseline to post-treatment compared with TAU, the START NOW group showed greater symptom reduction from baseline to follow-up with a medium effect size, which indicates a clinically meaningful delayed treatment effect. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13896 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=520 [article] START NOW: a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder ? a randomized clinical trial [texte imprimé] / Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Arne POPMA, Auteur ; Lucres NAUTA-JANSEN, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Eva UNTERNAEHRER, Auteur ; Katharina ACKERMANN, Auteur ; Anka BERNHARD, Auteur ; Anne MARTINELLI, Auteur ; Helena OLDENHOF, Auteur ; Malou GUNDLACH, Auteur ; Gregor KOHLS, Auteur ; Martin PRÄTZLICH, Auteur ; Meinhard KIESER, Auteur ; Ronald LIMPRECHT, Auteur ; Nora RASCHLE, Auteur ; Noortje VRIENDS, Auteur ; Robert L. TRESTMAN, Auteur ; Marietta KIRCHNER, Auteur ; Linda KERSTEN, Auteur . - p.316-327. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-3 (March 2023) . - p.316-327 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) both convey a high risk for maladjustment later in life and are understudied in girls. Here, we aimed at confirming the efficacy of START NOW, a cognitive-behavioral, dialectical behavior therapy-oriented skills training program aiming to enhance emotion regulation skills, interpersonal and psychosocial adjustment, adapted for female adolescents with CD or ODD. Methods A total of 127 girls were included in this prospective, cluster randomized, multi-center, parallel group, quasi-randomized, controlled phase III trial, which tested the efficacy of START NOW (n 72) compared with standard care (treatment as usual, TAU, n 55). All female adolescents had a clinical diagnosis of CD or ODD, were 15.6 (+1.5) years on average (range: 12 20 years), and were institutionalized in youth welfare institutions. The two primary endpoints were the change in number of CD/ODD symptoms between (1) baseline (T1) and post-treatment (T3), and (2) between T1 and 12-week follow-up (T4). Results Both treatment groups showed reduced CD/ODD symptoms at T3 compared with T1 (95% CI: START NOW 4.87, 2.49; TAU 4.94, 2.30). There was no significant mean difference in CD/ODD symptom reduction from T1 to T3 between START NOW and TAU ( 0.056; 95% CI 1.860, 1.749; Hedge's g 0.011). However, the START NOW group showed greater mean symptom reduction from T1 to T4 ( 2.326; 95% CI 4.274, 0.378; Hedge's g 0.563). Additionally, secondary endpoint results revealed a reduction in staff reported aggression and parent-reported irritability at post assessment. Conclusions Although START NOW did not result in greater symptom reduction from baseline to post-treatment compared with TAU, the START NOW group showed greater symptom reduction from baseline to follow-up with a medium effect size, which indicates a clinically meaningful delayed treatment effect. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13896 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=520

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