Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism / Kirsten O'HEARN in Autism Research, 9-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.82-96 Titre : Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Katerina VELANOVA, Auteur ; Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Catherine WRIGHT, Auteur ; Michael HALLQUIST, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.82-96 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fMRI  parietal  number  subitizing  counting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that adults with autism display a decreased capacity when rapidly enumerating small sets of elements (i.e., subitizing), compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. This ability is crucial for fundamental visual functions such as object individuation and parallel processing. Thus, the deficit in autism suggests limits in these skills. To examine the neural basis of this limitation, adults with and without high functioning autism rapidly enumerated 1 to 8 randomly located squares during a neuroimaging study. Typically, adults are thought to use parallel visual processes to quantify up to three or four elements, and serial processes to enumerate more (5+) elements. We hypothesized that parietal lobe regions associated with counting would be recruited with smaller sets of elements in adults with autism, compared to TD adults. Consistent with this hypothesis, activation in parietal regions increased with smaller set sizes in adults with autism compared to TD adults. Increased activation for three elements was evident in several regions, including those thought to underlie subitizing. In addition, regions specific to the counting range in TD adults were often equally active for set sizes in the subitizing range in the adults with autism. Finally, significant deactivation was evident in TD adults, presumably reflecting relative suppression of regions specialized for competing processes, but was not apparent in adults with autism. These differences in brain function in adults with autism on a simple enumeration task suggest atypical brain organization and function that is likely to impact most visual tasks, especially those with multiple elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Katerina VELANOVA, Auteur ; Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Catherine WRIGHT, Auteur ; Michael HALLQUIST, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - p.82-96. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.82-96 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fMRI  parietal  number  subitizing  counting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that adults with autism display a decreased capacity when rapidly enumerating small sets of elements (i.e., subitizing), compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. This ability is crucial for fundamental visual functions such as object individuation and parallel processing. Thus, the deficit in autism suggests limits in these skills. To examine the neural basis of this limitation, adults with and without high functioning autism rapidly enumerated 1 to 8 randomly located squares during a neuroimaging study. Typically, adults are thought to use parallel visual processes to quantify up to three or four elements, and serial processes to enumerate more (5+) elements. We hypothesized that parietal lobe regions associated with counting would be recruited with smaller sets of elements in adults with autism, compared to TD adults. Consistent with this hypothesis, activation in parietal regions increased with smaller set sizes in adults with autism compared to TD adults. Increased activation for three elements was evident in several regions, including those thought to underlie subitizing. In addition, regions specific to the counting range in TD adults were often equally active for set sizes in the subitizing range in the adults with autism. Finally, significant deactivation was evident in TD adults, presumably reflecting relative suppression of regions specialized for competing processes, but was not apparent in adults with autism. These differences in brain function in adults with autism on a simple enumeration task suggest atypical brain organization and function that is likely to impact most visual tasks, especially those with multiple elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes / Kirsten O'HEARN in Autism Research, 4-2 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.132-142 Titre : Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Laura LAKUSTA, Auteur ; Elizabeth SCHROER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.132-142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  change detection  development  developmental disorder  people perception  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to people's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, people with and without ASD were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. Participants viewed a brief video of a person or an inanimate object (the “figure”) moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the “goal”). We hypothesized that individuals with ASD would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with people, particularly elements that might be the person's goal. Alternately, people with ASD might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a person. Our results indicate that, like controls, people with ASD noticed a change in the “goal” object at the end of a person's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with ASD did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with ASD that were not specific to scenes with people or to “goals.” Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in ASD, suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.179 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Laura LAKUSTA, Auteur ; Elizabeth SCHROER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.132-142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.132-142 Mots-clés : ASD  change detection  development  developmental disorder  people perception  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to people's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, people with and without ASD were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. Participants viewed a brief video of a person or an inanimate object (the “figure”) moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the “goal”). We hypothesized that individuals with ASD would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with people, particularly elements that might be the person's goal. Alternately, people with ASD might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a person. Our results indicate that, like controls, people with ASD noticed a change in the “goal” object at the end of a person's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with ASD did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with ASD that were not specific to scenes with people or to “goals.” Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in ASD, suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.179 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Developmental Changes in Brain Function Underlying Inhibitory Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Aarthi PADMANABHAN in Autism Research, 8-2 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.123-135 Titre : Developmental Changes in Brain Function Underlying Inhibitory Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aarthi PADMANABHAN, Auteur ; Krista GARVER, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Natalie NAWARAWONG, Auteur ; Ran LIU, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; John SWEENEY, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.123-135 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  fMRI  inhibitory control  antisaccade  development  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The development of inhibitory control—the ability to suppress inappropriate actions in order to make goal-directed responses—is often impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present study, we examined whether the impairments in inhibitory control evident in ASD reflect—in part—differences in the development of the neural substrates of inhibitory control from adolescence into adulthood. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on the anti-saccade task, a probe of inhibitory control, in high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched group of typically developing (TD) individuals. The ASD group did not show the age-related improvements in behavioral performance from adolescence to adulthood evident in the typical group, consistent with previous behavioral work. The fMRI results indicated that much of the circuitry recruited by the ASD group was similar to the TD group. However, the ASD group demonstrated some unique patterns, including: (a) a failure to recruit the frontal eye field during response preparation in adolescence but comparable recruitment in adulthood; (b) greater recruitment of putamen in adolescence and precuneus in adolescence and adulthood than the TD group; and (c) decreased recruitment in the inferior parietal lobule relative to TD groups. Taken together, these results suggest that brain circuitry underlying inhibitory control develops differently from adolescence to adulthood in ASD. Specifically, there may be relative underdevelopment of brain processes underlying inhibitory control in ASD, which may lead to engagement of subcortical compensatory processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1398 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 [article] Developmental Changes in Brain Function Underlying Inhibitory Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aarthi PADMANABHAN, Auteur ; Krista GARVER, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Natalie NAWARAWONG, Auteur ; Ran LIU, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; John SWEENEY, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - p.123-135. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.123-135 Mots-clés : autism  fMRI  inhibitory control  antisaccade  development  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The development of inhibitory control—the ability to suppress inappropriate actions in order to make goal-directed responses—is often impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present study, we examined whether the impairments in inhibitory control evident in ASD reflect—in part—differences in the development of the neural substrates of inhibitory control from adolescence into adulthood. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on the anti-saccade task, a probe of inhibitory control, in high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched group of typically developing (TD) individuals. The ASD group did not show the age-related improvements in behavioral performance from adolescence to adulthood evident in the typical group, consistent with previous behavioral work. The fMRI results indicated that much of the circuitry recruited by the ASD group was similar to the TD group. However, the ASD group demonstrated some unique patterns, including: (a) a failure to recruit the frontal eye field during response preparation in adolescence but comparable recruitment in adulthood; (b) greater recruitment of putamen in adolescence and precuneus in adolescence and adulthood than the TD group; and (c) decreased recruitment in the inferior parietal lobule relative to TD groups. Taken together, these results suggest that brain circuitry underlying inhibitory control develops differently from adolescence to adulthood in ASD. Specifically, there may be relative underdevelopment of brain processes underlying inhibitory control in ASD, which may lead to engagement of subcortical compensatory processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1398 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256

Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism / Kirsten O'HEARN in Development and Psychopathology, 20-4 (Fall 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 20-4 (Fall 2008) . - p.1103-1132 Titre : Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Sarah ORDAZ, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Miya R. ASATO, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1103-1132 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits, and repetitive behavior. Studies investigating the integrity of brain systems in autism suggest a wide range of gray and white matter abnormalities that are present early in life and change with development. These abnormalities predominantly affect association areas and undermine functional integration. Executive function, which has a protracted development into adolescence and reflects the integration of complex widely distributed brain function, is also affected in autism. Evidence from studies probing response inhibition and working memory indicate impairments in these core components of executive function, as well as compensatory mechanisms that permit normative function in autism. Studies also demonstrate age-related improvements in executive function from childhood to adolescence in autism, indicating the presence of plasticity and suggesting a prolonged window for effective treatment. Despite developmental gains, mature executive functioning is limited in autism, reflecting abnormalities in wide-spread brain networks that may lead to impaired processing of complex information across all domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=602 [article] Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Sarah ORDAZ, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Miya R. ASATO, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1103-1132. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 20-4 (Fall 2008) . - p.1103-1132 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits, and repetitive behavior. Studies investigating the integrity of brain systems in autism suggest a wide range of gray and white matter abnormalities that are present early in life and change with development. These abnormalities predominantly affect association areas and undermine functional integration. Executive function, which has a protracted development into adolescence and reflects the integration of complex widely distributed brain function, is also affected in autism. Evidence from studies probing response inhibition and working memory indicate impairments in these core components of executive function, as well as compensatory mechanisms that permit normative function in autism. Studies also demonstrate age-related improvements in executive function from childhood to adolescence in autism, indicating the presence of plasticity and suggesting a prolonged window for effective treatment. Despite developmental gains, mature executive functioning is limited in autism, reflecting abnormalities in wide-spread brain networks that may lead to impaired processing of complex information across all domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=602

Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder / Andrew LYNN in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.881-891 Titre : Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.881-891 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Cognition  Humans  Memory, Short-Term  attention  autism  child development  visual processing  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. LAY SUMMARY: The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (working memory [WM]) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2683 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur . - p.881-891. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.881-891 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Cognition  Humans  Memory, Short-Term  attention  autism  child development  visual processing  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. LAY SUMMARY: The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (working memory [WM]) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2683 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

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