Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism / Kirsten O'HEARN in Autism Research, 9-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.82-96 Titre : Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Katerina VELANOVA, Auteur ; Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Catherine WRIGHT, Auteur ; Michael HALLQUIST, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.82-96 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fMRI  parietal  number  subitizing  counting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that adults with autism display a decreased capacity when rapidly enumerating small sets of elements (i.e., subitizing), compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. This ability is crucial for fundamental visual functions such as object individuation and parallel processing. Thus, the deficit in autism suggests limits in these skills. To examine the neural basis of this limitation, adults with and without high functioning autism rapidly enumerated 1 to 8 randomly located squares during a neuroimaging study. Typically, adults are thought to use parallel visual processes to quantify up to three or four elements, and serial processes to enumerate more (5+) elements. We hypothesized that parietal lobe regions associated with counting would be recruited with smaller sets of elements in adults with autism, compared to TD adults. Consistent with this hypothesis, activation in parietal regions increased with smaller set sizes in adults with autism compared to TD adults. Increased activation for three elements was evident in several regions, including those thought to underlie subitizing. In addition, regions specific to the counting range in TD adults were often equally active for set sizes in the subitizing range in the adults with autism. Finally, significant deactivation was evident in TD adults, presumably reflecting relative suppression of regions specialized for competing processes, but was not apparent in adults with autism. These differences in brain function in adults with autism on a simple enumeration task suggest atypical brain organization and function that is likely to impact most visual tasks, especially those with multiple elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Katerina VELANOVA, Auteur ; Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Catherine WRIGHT, Auteur ; Michael HALLQUIST, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - p.82-96. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.82-96 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fMRI  parietal  number  subitizing  counting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that adults with autism display a decreased capacity when rapidly enumerating small sets of elements (i.e., subitizing), compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. This ability is crucial for fundamental visual functions such as object individuation and parallel processing. Thus, the deficit in autism suggests limits in these skills. To examine the neural basis of this limitation, adults with and without high functioning autism rapidly enumerated 1 to 8 randomly located squares during a neuroimaging study. Typically, adults are thought to use parallel visual processes to quantify up to three or four elements, and serial processes to enumerate more (5+) elements. We hypothesized that parietal lobe regions associated with counting would be recruited with smaller sets of elements in adults with autism, compared to TD adults. Consistent with this hypothesis, activation in parietal regions increased with smaller set sizes in adults with autism compared to TD adults. Increased activation for three elements was evident in several regions, including those thought to underlie subitizing. In addition, regions specific to the counting range in TD adults were often equally active for set sizes in the subitizing range in the adults with autism. Finally, significant deactivation was evident in TD adults, presumably reflecting relative suppression of regions specialized for competing processes, but was not apparent in adults with autism. These differences in brain function in adults with autism on a simple enumeration task suggest atypical brain organization and function that is likely to impact most visual tasks, especially those with multiple elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Altered Gesture and Speech Production in ASD Detract from In-Person Communicative Quality / Laura M. MORETT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.998-1012 Titre : Altered Gesture and Speech Production in ASD Detract from In-Person Communicative Quality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura M. MORETT, Auteur ; Kirsten O’HEARN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Avniel Singh GHUMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.998-1012 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gesture  Language  Social communication  Dialogue  Adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study disentangled the influences of language and social processing on communication in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by examining whether gesture and speech production differs as a function of social context. The results indicate that, unlike other adolescents, adolescents with ASD did not increase their coherency and engagement in the presence of a visible listener, and that greater coherency and engagement were related to lesser social and communicative impairments. Additionally, the results indicated that adolescents with ASD produced sparser speech and fewer gestures conveying supplementary information, and that both of these effects increased in the presence of a visible listener. Together, these findings suggest that interpersonal communication deficits in ASD are driven more strongly by social processing than language processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2645-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281 [article] Altered Gesture and Speech Production in ASD Detract from In-Person Communicative Quality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura M. MORETT, Auteur ; Kirsten O’HEARN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Avniel Singh GHUMAN, Auteur . - p.998-1012. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.998-1012 Mots-clés : Gesture  Language  Social communication  Dialogue  Adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study disentangled the influences of language and social processing on communication in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by examining whether gesture and speech production differs as a function of social context. The results indicate that, unlike other adolescents, adolescents with ASD did not increase their coherency and engagement in the presence of a visible listener, and that greater coherency and engagement were related to lesser social and communicative impairments. Additionally, the results indicated that adolescents with ASD produced sparser speech and fewer gestures conveying supplementary information, and that both of these effects increased in the presence of a visible listener. Together, these findings suggest that interpersonal communication deficits in ASD are driven more strongly by social processing than language processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2645-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281

Atypical development of face and greeble recognition in autism / K. Suzanne SCHERF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-8 (August 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-8 (August 2008) . - p.838 - 847 Titre : Atypical development of face and greeble recognition in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. Suzanne SCHERF, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.838 - 847 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism visual-processing configural-processing face-recognition greebles perceptual-development expertise adolescence child-development cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Impaired face processing is a widely documented deficit in autism. Although the origin of this deficit is unclear, several groups have suggested that a lack of perceptual expertise is contributory. We investigated whether individuals with autism develop expertise in visuoperceptual processing of faces and whether any deficiency in such processing is specific to faces, or extends to other objects, too. Method: Participants performed perceptual discrimination tasks, including a face inversion task and a classification-level task, which requires especially fine-grained discriminations, on three classes of stimuli: socially-laden faces, perceptually homogenous novel objects, greebles, and perceptually heterogeneous common objects. Results: We found that children with autism develop typical levels of expertise for recognition of common objects. However, they evince poorer recognition for perceptually homogenous objects, including faces and, most especially, greebles. Conclusions: Documenting the atypical recognition abilities for greebles in children with autism has provided an important insight into the potential origin of the relatively poor face recognition skills. Our findings suggest that, throughout development, individuals with autism have a generalized deficit in visuoperceptual processing that may interfere with their ability to undertake configural processing, and that this, in turn, adversely impacts their recognition of within-class perceptually homogenous objects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01903.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542 [article] Atypical development of face and greeble recognition in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. Suzanne SCHERF, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.838 - 847. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-8 (August 2008) . - p.838 - 847 Mots-clés : Autism visual-processing configural-processing face-recognition greebles perceptual-development expertise adolescence child-development cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Impaired face processing is a widely documented deficit in autism. Although the origin of this deficit is unclear, several groups have suggested that a lack of perceptual expertise is contributory. We investigated whether individuals with autism develop expertise in visuoperceptual processing of faces and whether any deficiency in such processing is specific to faces, or extends to other objects, too. Method: Participants performed perceptual discrimination tasks, including a face inversion task and a classification-level task, which requires especially fine-grained discriminations, on three classes of stimuli: socially-laden faces, perceptually homogenous novel objects, greebles, and perceptually heterogeneous common objects. Results: We found that children with autism develop typical levels of expertise for recognition of common objects. However, they evince poorer recognition for perceptually homogenous objects, including faces and, most especially, greebles. Conclusions: Documenting the atypical recognition abilities for greebles in children with autism has provided an important insight into the potential origin of the relatively poor face recognition skills. Our findings suggest that, throughout development, individuals with autism have a generalized deficit in visuoperceptual processing that may interfere with their ability to undertake configural processing, and that this, in turn, adversely impacts their recognition of within-class perceptually homogenous objects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01903.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542

Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes / Kirsten O'HEARN in Autism Research, 4-2 (April 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.132-142 Titre : Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Laura LAKUSTA, Auteur ; Elizabeth SCHROER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.132-142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  change detection  development  developmental disorder  people perception  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to people's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, people with and without ASD were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. Participants viewed a brief video of a person or an inanimate object (the “figure”) moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the “goal”). We hypothesized that individuals with ASD would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with people, particularly elements that might be the person's goal. Alternately, people with ASD might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a person. Our results indicate that, like controls, people with ASD noticed a change in the “goal” object at the end of a person's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with ASD did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with ASD that were not specific to scenes with people or to “goals.” Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in ASD, suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.179 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Deficits in adults with autism spectrum disorders when processing multiple objects in dynamic scenes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Laura LAKUSTA, Auteur ; Elizabeth SCHROER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.132-142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-2 (April 2011) . - p.132-142 Mots-clés : ASD  change detection  development  developmental disorder  people perception  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) process visual information in a manner that is distinct from typically developing individuals. They may be less sensitive to people's goals and, more generally, focus on visual details instead of the entire scene. To examine these differences, people with and without ASD were asked to detect changes in dynamic scenes with multiple elements. Participants viewed a brief video of a person or an inanimate object (the “figure”) moving from one object to another; after a delay, they reported whether a second video was the same or different. Possible changes included the figure, the object the figure was moving from, or the object the figure was moving toward (the “goal”). We hypothesized that individuals with ASD would be less sensitive to changes in scenes with people, particularly elements that might be the person's goal. Alternately, people with ASD might attend to fewer elements regardless of whether the scene included a person. Our results indicate that, like controls, people with ASD noticed a change in the “goal” object at the end of a person's movement more often than the object at the start. However, the group with ASD did not undergo the developmental improvement that was evident typically when detecting changes in both the start and end objects. This atypical development led to deficits in adults with ASD that were not specific to scenes with people or to “goals.” Improvements in visual processing that underlie mature representation of scenes may not occur in ASD, suggesting that late developing brain processes are affected. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.179 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Developmental Changes in Brain Function Underlying Inhibitory Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Aarthi PADMANABHAN in Autism Research, 8-2 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.123-135 Titre : Developmental Changes in Brain Function Underlying Inhibitory Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aarthi PADMANABHAN, Auteur ; Krista GARVER, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Natalie NAWARAWONG, Auteur ; Ran LIU, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; John SWEENEY, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.123-135 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  fMRI  inhibitory control  antisaccade  development  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The development of inhibitory control—the ability to suppress inappropriate actions in order to make goal-directed responses—is often impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present study, we examined whether the impairments in inhibitory control evident in ASD reflect—in part—differences in the development of the neural substrates of inhibitory control from adolescence into adulthood. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on the anti-saccade task, a probe of inhibitory control, in high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched group of typically developing (TD) individuals. The ASD group did not show the age-related improvements in behavioral performance from adolescence to adulthood evident in the typical group, consistent with previous behavioral work. The fMRI results indicated that much of the circuitry recruited by the ASD group was similar to the TD group. However, the ASD group demonstrated some unique patterns, including: (a) a failure to recruit the frontal eye field during response preparation in adolescence but comparable recruitment in adulthood; (b) greater recruitment of putamen in adolescence and precuneus in adolescence and adulthood than the TD group; and (c) decreased recruitment in the inferior parietal lobule relative to TD groups. Taken together, these results suggest that brain circuitry underlying inhibitory control develops differently from adolescence to adulthood in ASD. Specifically, there may be relative underdevelopment of brain processes underlying inhibitory control in ASD, which may lead to engagement of subcortical compensatory processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1398 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 [article] Developmental Changes in Brain Function Underlying Inhibitory Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aarthi PADMANABHAN, Auteur ; Krista GARVER, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Natalie NAWARAWONG, Auteur ; Ran LIU, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; John SWEENEY, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - p.123-135. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.123-135 Mots-clés : autism  fMRI  inhibitory control  antisaccade  development  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The development of inhibitory control—the ability to suppress inappropriate actions in order to make goal-directed responses—is often impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present study, we examined whether the impairments in inhibitory control evident in ASD reflect—in part—differences in the development of the neural substrates of inhibitory control from adolescence into adulthood. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on the anti-saccade task, a probe of inhibitory control, in high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD compared to a matched group of typically developing (TD) individuals. The ASD group did not show the age-related improvements in behavioral performance from adolescence to adulthood evident in the typical group, consistent with previous behavioral work. The fMRI results indicated that much of the circuitry recruited by the ASD group was similar to the TD group. However, the ASD group demonstrated some unique patterns, including: (a) a failure to recruit the frontal eye field during response preparation in adolescence but comparable recruitment in adulthood; (b) greater recruitment of putamen in adolescence and precuneus in adolescence and adulthood than the TD group; and (c) decreased recruitment in the inferior parietal lobule relative to TD groups. Taken together, these results suggest that brain circuitry underlying inhibitory control develops differently from adolescence to adulthood in ASD. Specifically, there may be relative underdevelopment of brain processes underlying inhibitory control in ASD, which may lead to engagement of subcortical compensatory processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1398 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256

Grating Acuity and Visual Field Development of Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Beatriz LUNA in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 34-9 (September 1992)

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Missing the big picture: impaired development of global shape processing in autism / K. Suzanne SCHERF in Autism Research, 1-2 (April 2008)  

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Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism / Kirsten O'HEARN in Development and Psychopathology, 20-4 (Fall 2008)  

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Spatial Working Memory Deficits in Autism / Shelly D. STEELE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-4 (April 2007)  

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Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder / Andrew LYNN in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

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