Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in an Information-Technology Region? A School-Based Study of Three Regions in the Netherlands / Martine T. ROELFSEMA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-5 (May 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-5 (May 2012) . - p.734-739 Titre : Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in an Information-Technology Region? A School-Based Study of Three Regions in the Netherlands Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martine T. ROELFSEMA, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.734-739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Prevalence  Regional differences  Hyper-systemizing theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested for differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in school-aged children in three geographical regions in the Netherlands. Schools were asked to provide the number of children enrolled, the number having a clinical diagnosis of ASC and/or two control neurodevelopmental conditions. Prevalence was evaluated by negative binomial regression and adjustments were made for non-response and size of the schools. The prevalence estimates of ASC in Eindhoven was 229 per 10,000, significantly higher than in Haarlem (84 per 10,000) and Utrecht (57 per 10,000), whilst the prevalence for the control conditions were similar in all regions. Phase two is planned to validate school-reported cases using standardized diagnostic methods and to explore the possible causes for these differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1302-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=154 [article] Are Autism Spectrum Conditions More Prevalent in an Information-Technology Region? A School-Based Study of Three Regions in the Netherlands [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martine T. ROELFSEMA, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.734-739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-5 (May 2012) . - p.734-739 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Prevalence  Regional differences  Hyper-systemizing theory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested for differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in school-aged children in three geographical regions in the Netherlands. Schools were asked to provide the number of children enrolled, the number having a clinical diagnosis of ASC and/or two control neurodevelopmental conditions. Prevalence was evaluated by negative binomial regression and adjustments were made for non-response and size of the schools. The prevalence estimates of ASC in Eindhoven was 229 per 10,000, significantly higher than in Haarlem (84 per 10,000) and Utrecht (57 per 10,000), whilst the prevalence for the control conditions were similar in all regions. Phase two is planned to validate school-reported cases using standardized diagnostic methods and to explore the possible causes for these differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1302-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=154

Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing / Xiang SUN in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.250-260 Titre : Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Zhixiang ZHANG, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.250-260 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  prevalence  screening  diagnosis  CAST  China Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies reported that the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) in mainland China is much lower than estimates from developed countries (around 1%). The aim of the study is to apply current screening and standardized diagnostic instruments to a Chinese population to establish a prevalence estimate of ASC in an undiagnosed population in mainland China. We followed the design development used previously in the UK published in 2009 by Baron-Cohen and colleagues. The Mandarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) was validated by screening primary school pupils (n?=?737 children age 6–10 years old) in Beijing and by conducting diagnostic assessments using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The prevalence estimate was generated after adjusting and imputing for missing values using the inverse probability weighting. Response was high (97%). Using the UK cutoff (?15), CAST performance has 84% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46, 98, and 96, 97, respectively). Six out of 103 children, not previously diagnosed, were found to the meet diagnostic criteria (8.5 after adjustment, 95% CI: 1.6, 15.4). The preliminary prevalence in an undiagnosed primary school population in mainland China was 119 per 10,000 (95% CI: 53, 265). The utility of CAST is acceptable as a screening instrument for ASC in large epidemiological studies in China. Using a comparable method, the preliminary prevalence estimate of ASC in mainland China is similar to that of those from developed countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Zhixiang ZHANG, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur . - p.250-260. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.250-260 Mots-clés : autism  prevalence  screening  diagnosis  CAST  China Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies reported that the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) in mainland China is much lower than estimates from developed countries (around 1%). The aim of the study is to apply current screening and standardized diagnostic instruments to a Chinese population to establish a prevalence estimate of ASC in an undiagnosed population in mainland China. We followed the design development used previously in the UK published in 2009 by Baron-Cohen and colleagues. The Mandarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) was validated by screening primary school pupils (n?=?737 children age 6–10 years old) in Beijing and by conducting diagnostic assessments using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The prevalence estimate was generated after adjusting and imputing for missing values using the inverse probability weighting. Response was high (97%). Using the UK cutoff (?15), CAST performance has 84% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46, 98, and 96, 97, respectively). Six out of 103 children, not previously diagnosed, were found to the meet diagnostic criteria (8.5 after adjustment, 95% CI: 1.6, 15.4). The preliminary prevalence in an undiagnosed primary school population in mainland China was 119 per 10,000 (95% CI: 53, 265). The utility of CAST is acceptable as a screening instrument for ASC in large epidemiological studies in China. Using a comparable method, the preliminary prevalence estimate of ASC in mainland China is similar to that of those from developed countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Prevalence of autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Xiang SUN in Molecular Autism, (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (April 2013) . - 13 p. Titre : Prevalence of autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Stephen SHARP, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Prevalence  Screening  Diagnosis  Chinese population Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:The prevalence of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is 1% in developed countries, but little data are available from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. This study synthesizes evidence relating to the prevalence of ASC in these areas and assesses the effects of research methodology on prevalence estimates.METHODS:Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, China Web of Knowledge and Weipu databases, as well as relevant papers published from 1987 to 2011, reporting prevalence estimates of ASC or childhood autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Summary estimates of prevalence were calculated with a random effects model. The effects of research methodology on the prevalence estimates were assessed using a meta-regression model.RESULTS:There were 25 studies eligible for review, 18 of which were suitable for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of childhood autism was 11.8 per 10,000 individuals (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.2, 15.3) in mainland China. Pooled prevalence of ASC was 26.6 per 10,000 (95% CI: 18.5, 34.6) in three areas. Substantial heterogeneity was identified between studies (I275%). The prevalence estimate of childhood autism was most strongly associated with the choice of screening instrument. After adjustment for age group, the odds ratio for prevalence estimates when using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) as the screening instrument compared with those using the Clancy Autism Behavior Scale (CABS) was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.69), and 1.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 4.55; P= 0.20) when using the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) compared to the CABS.CONCLUSIONS:The available studies investigating the prevalence of ASC in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan have focused mainly on childhood autism rather than the whole spectrum. The prevalence estimates are lower than estimates from developed countries. Studies using more recently developed screening instruments reported higher prevalence than older ones. However, available studies have methodological weaknesses and therefore these results lack comparability with those from developed countries. Our findings indicate a potential under-diagnosis and under-detection of ASC in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and a need to adopt more advanced methods for research of ASC in these areas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 [article] Prevalence of autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Stephen SHARP, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur . - 2013 . - 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (April 2013) . - 13 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Prevalence  Screening  Diagnosis  Chinese population Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:The prevalence of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is 1% in developed countries, but little data are available from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. This study synthesizes evidence relating to the prevalence of ASC in these areas and assesses the effects of research methodology on prevalence estimates.METHODS:Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, China Web of Knowledge and Weipu databases, as well as relevant papers published from 1987 to 2011, reporting prevalence estimates of ASC or childhood autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Summary estimates of prevalence were calculated with a random effects model. The effects of research methodology on the prevalence estimates were assessed using a meta-regression model.RESULTS:There were 25 studies eligible for review, 18 of which were suitable for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of childhood autism was 11.8 per 10,000 individuals (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.2, 15.3) in mainland China. Pooled prevalence of ASC was 26.6 per 10,000 (95% CI: 18.5, 34.6) in three areas. Substantial heterogeneity was identified between studies (I275%). The prevalence estimate of childhood autism was most strongly associated with the choice of screening instrument. After adjustment for age group, the odds ratio for prevalence estimates when using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) as the screening instrument compared with those using the Clancy Autism Behavior Scale (CABS) was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.69), and 1.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 4.55; P= 0.20) when using the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) compared to the CABS.CONCLUSIONS:The available studies investigating the prevalence of ASC in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan have focused mainly on childhood autism rather than the whole spectrum. The prevalence estimates are lower than estimates from developed countries. Studies using more recently developed screening instruments reported higher prevalence than older ones. However, available studies have methodological weaknesses and therefore these results lack comparability with those from developed countries. Our findings indicate a potential under-diagnosis and under-detection of ASC in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and a need to adopt more advanced methods for research of ASC in these areas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202

Psychometric Properties of the Mandarin Version of the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): An Exploratory Study / Xiang SUN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1565-1576 Titre : Psychometric Properties of the Mandarin Version of the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): An Exploratory Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Samuel NORTON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1565-1576 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Categorical data factor analysis  Item response theory  CAST  China Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Limited studies have investigated the latent autistic traits in the mainland Chinese population for autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This study explored the psychometric properties of a Mandarin Chinese version of the CAST in a sample consisting of 737 children in mainstream schools and 50 autistic cases. A combination of categorical data factor analysis and item response theory suggested a good-fit model of a two-factor solution for 28 items on the Mandarin CAST including social and communication, and inflexible/stereotyped language and behaviours (Goodness-of-fit indices: RMSEA = 0.029, CFI = 0.957, TLI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.064). The correlation between the two factors was moderate (GFC = 0.425). This study provided evidence for the CAST as a multidimensional measure for ASC screening in a Chinese population and also showed that the symptom manifestation of ASC in Chinese children shares similarity with western populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2024-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 [article] Psychometric Properties of the Mandarin Version of the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): An Exploratory Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Samuel NORTON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur . - p.1565-1576. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1565-1576 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  Categorical data factor analysis  Item response theory  CAST  China Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Limited studies have investigated the latent autistic traits in the mainland Chinese population for autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This study explored the psychometric properties of a Mandarin Chinese version of the CAST in a sample consisting of 737 children in mainstream schools and 50 autistic cases. A combination of categorical data factor analysis and item response theory suggested a good-fit model of a two-factor solution for 28 items on the Mandarin CAST including social and communication, and inflexible/stereotyped language and behaviours (Goodness-of-fit indices: RMSEA = 0.029, CFI = 0.957, TLI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.064). The correlation between the two factors was moderate (GFC = 0.425). This study provided evidence for the CAST as a multidimensional measure for ASC screening in a Chinese population and also showed that the symptom manifestation of ASC in Chinese children shares similarity with western populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2024-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236

The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): Sex Differences / Joanna G. WILLIAMS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-9 (October 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-9 (October 2008) . - p.1731-1739 Titre : The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): Sex Differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna G. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona J. SCOTT, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1731-1739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Communication Social-behaviour Autism Asperger-syndrome Sex-differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) (formally known as the Childhood Asperger Screening Test) identifies autism spectrum conditions by measuring social and communication skills. The present study explored the sex distribution of scores. The CAST was distributed to 11,635 children aged 4–9 years in Cambridgeshire primary schools (UK). 3,370 (29%) were returned. The median score was significantly higher in boys (median test, P < 0.001) (Boys, median = 5 (IQR: 3,8); girls, median = 4 (IQR: 2,6)). There was a predominance of boys (n = 81 (79.4%) over girls (n = 21 (20.6%)) amongst those scoring ≥ 15. Exclusion of children with ASC did not significantly affect the results. We conclude that different profiles of social and communication skills in boys and girls must be taken into account when measuring these skills in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0558-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=605 [article] The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): Sex Differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna G. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona J. SCOTT, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1731-1739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-9 (October 2008) . - p.1731-1739 Mots-clés : Communication Social-behaviour Autism Asperger-syndrome Sex-differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) (formally known as the Childhood Asperger Screening Test) identifies autism spectrum conditions by measuring social and communication skills. The present study explored the sex distribution of scores. The CAST was distributed to 11,635 children aged 4–9 years in Cambridgeshire primary schools (UK). 3,370 (29%) were returned. The median score was significantly higher in boys (median test, P < 0.001) (Boys, median = 5 (IQR: 3,8); girls, median = 4 (IQR: 2,6)). There was a predominance of boys (n = 81 (79.4%) over girls (n = 21 (20.6%)) amongst those scoring ≥ 15. Exclusion of children with ASC did not significantly affect the results. We conclude that different profiles of social and communication skills in boys and girls must be taken into account when measuring these skills in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0558-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=605

The Mandarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): Sex Differences / Xiang SUN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-9 (September 2014)  

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Validation of existing diagnosis of autism in mainland China using standardised diagnostic instruments / Xiang SUN in Autism, 19-8 (November 2015)  

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What is available for case identification in autism research in mainland China? / Xiang SUN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-5 (May 2013)  

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