Alexithymia in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Peter SZATMARI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-10 (November 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-10 (November 2008) . - p.1859-1865 Titre : Alexithymia in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Stelios GEORGIADES, Auteur ; Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Terry BENNETT, Auteur ; Eric DUKU, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1859-1865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Broader-autism-phenotype Emotion-processing Alexithymia Intermediate-phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Given the recent findings regarding the association between alexithymia and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the accumulating evidence for the presence of the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) in relatives of individuals with ASD, we further explored the construct of alexithymia in parents of children with ASD as a potential part of the BAP. We hypothesized that (a) parents of children with ASD will demonstrate higher impairment in their emotion processing when compared to controls, and (b) high impairment in emotion processing in parents will be associated with severity of symptoms in children with ASD. Psychometric and diagnostic data were collected on 188 children with a diagnosis of ASD. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was completed by 439 parents of children with ASD and a control group of 45 parents of children with Prader Willi syndrome (PW). Results show that ASD parents score higher than controls on the TAS-20 total score. Within the ASD group, children of fathers with high alexithymia score higher on repetitive behaviour symptoms compared to children of fathers with low alexithymia. The alexithymia trait appears to be one of the many building blocks that make up the BAP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0576-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=641 [article] Alexithymia in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Stelios GEORGIADES, Auteur ; Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Terry BENNETT, Auteur ; Eric DUKU, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1859-1865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-10 (November 2008) . - p.1859-1865 Mots-clés : Autism Broader-autism-phenotype Emotion-processing Alexithymia Intermediate-phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Given the recent findings regarding the association between alexithymia and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the accumulating evidence for the presence of the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) in relatives of individuals with ASD, we further explored the construct of alexithymia in parents of children with ASD as a potential part of the BAP. We hypothesized that (a) parents of children with ASD will demonstrate higher impairment in their emotion processing when compared to controls, and (b) high impairment in emotion processing in parents will be associated with severity of symptoms in children with ASD. Psychometric and diagnostic data were collected on 188 children with a diagnosis of ASD. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was completed by 439 parents of children with ASD and a control group of 45 parents of children with Prader Willi syndrome (PW). Results show that ASD parents score higher than controls on the TAS-20 total score. Within the ASD group, children of fathers with high alexithymia score higher on repetitive behaviour symptoms compared to children of fathers with low alexithymia. The alexithymia trait appears to be one of the many building blocks that make up the BAP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0576-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=641

Brief Report: Relationship Between Non-verbal IQ and Gender in Autism / Ryan BANACH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-1 (January 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-1 (January 2009) . - p.188-193 Titre : Brief Report: Relationship Between Non-verbal IQ and Gender in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ryan BANACH, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; William MAHONEY, Auteur ; Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Lawrence TUFF, Auteur ; Ann THOMPSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.188-193 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism IQ Gender Genetic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been proposed that females at risk for autism are protected in some way, so that only those with the greatest genetic liability are affected. Consequently, affected male siblings of females with autism should be more impaired than affected male siblings of male probands. One hundred and ninety-four (194) families with a single child with autism (simplex, SPX) and 154 families with more than one child with autism (multiplex, MPX) were examined on measures of severity, including non-verbal IQ. Among SPX families, girls had lower IQ than boys, but no such differences were seen among MPX families. Similarly, the affected brothers of girls with autism were no different from affected brothers of male probands. These data suggest that MPX and SPX families differ with respect to the relationship between gender and IQ. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0612-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=661 [article] Brief Report: Relationship Between Non-verbal IQ and Gender in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ryan BANACH, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; William MAHONEY, Auteur ; Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Lawrence TUFF, Auteur ; Ann THOMPSON, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.188-193. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-1 (January 2009) . - p.188-193 Mots-clés : Autism IQ Gender Genetic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been proposed that females at risk for autism are protected in some way, so that only those with the greatest genetic liability are affected. Consequently, affected male siblings of females with autism should be more impaired than affected male siblings of male probands. One hundred and ninety-four (194) families with a single child with autism (simplex, SPX) and 154 families with more than one child with autism (multiplex, MPX) were examined on measures of severity, including non-verbal IQ. Among SPX families, girls had lower IQ than boys, but no such differences were seen among MPX families. Similarly, the affected brothers of girls with autism were no different from affected brothers of male probands. These data suggest that MPX and SPX families differ with respect to the relationship between gender and IQ. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0612-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=661

Cortical Serotonin Type-2 Receptor Density in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Jeremy GOLDBERG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-1 (January 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-1 (January 2009) . - p.97-104 Titre : Cortical Serotonin Type-2 Receptor Density in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Claude NAHMIAS, Auteur ; Geoffrey B. C. HALL, Auteur ; Ann THOMPSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.97-104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Positron-emission-tomography Setoperone [18Fluoro]setoperone Serotonin Endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents (N = 19) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and adult controls (N = 17) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]setoperone to image cortical serotonin type-2 (5-HT2) receptors. The 5-HT2 binding potentials (BPs) were calculated by ratioing [18F]setoperone intensity in regions of interest (ROI) to cerebellar intensity. Cortical 5-HT2 BPs were significantly lower in parents compared to controls and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly negatively correlated with cortical 5-HT2 BP in parents. Lower cortical 5-HT2 receptor density in parents of children with ASD is consistent with reports of diminished 5-HT2 expression and functioning in individuals with ASD. Further research should examine the relationship of reduced 5-HT2 receptor expression to underlying causation and to clinical and neurochemical correlates of autistic behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0604-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=660 [article] Cortical Serotonin Type-2 Receptor Density in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Claude NAHMIAS, Auteur ; Geoffrey B. C. HALL, Auteur ; Ann THOMPSON, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.97-104. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-1 (January 2009) . - p.97-104 Mots-clés : Autism Positron-emission-tomography Setoperone [18Fluoro]setoperone Serotonin Endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents (N = 19) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and adult controls (N = 17) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]setoperone to image cortical serotonin type-2 (5-HT2) receptors. The 5-HT2 binding potentials (BPs) were calculated by ratioing [18F]setoperone intensity in regions of interest (ROI) to cerebellar intensity. Cortical 5-HT2 BPs were significantly lower in parents compared to controls and platelet 5-HT levels were significantly negatively correlated with cortical 5-HT2 BP in parents. Lower cortical 5-HT2 receptor density in parents of children with ASD is consistent with reports of diminished 5-HT2 expression and functioning in individuals with ASD. Further research should examine the relationship of reduced 5-HT2 receptor expression to underlying causation and to clinical and neurochemical correlates of autistic behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0604-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=660

Investigating the structure of the restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests domain of autism / Peter SZATMARI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-6 (June 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-6 (June 2006) . - p.582–590 Titre : Investigating the structure of the restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests domain of autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Wendy ROBERTS, Auteur ; Stelios GEORGIADES, Auteur ; William MAHONEY, Auteur ; Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Lawrence TUFF, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.582–590 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pervasive-developmental-disorders autism restricted-repetitive-behaviours-and-interests principal-components-analysis structure-of-autism-domains genetic studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The Restricted, Repetitive Behaviours and Interests (RRBIs) are represented in the DSM-IV and measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) as one of the three homogeneous symptom categories of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Although this conceptualisation is well accepted in the field, the grouping of symptoms is based primarily on clinical judgment rather than on empirical evidence. Methods: The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of the RRBI domain of autism. Eleven items from this domain of the ADI-R were used in a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Our sample consisted of 339 individuals with a Best Estimate diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). Results: Findings indicate that the RRBI domain is composed of two distinct factors or dimensions: Insistence on Sameness (IS) and Repetitive Sensory and Motor Behaviours (RSMB). RSMB is negatively correlated with adaptive skills; that is, lower functioning individuals tend to have higher levels of repetitive sensory and motor behaviours. On the other hand, IS is positively correlated with autistic symptoms in the communication and language domain. Further analyses suggest moderate familial aggregation among affected sibling pairs within the IS but not the RSMB factor. Conclusions: These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of the RRBI domain of the ADI-R in terms of both clinical presentation and other correlates. In addition, the IS factor seems to be under familial (presumably genetic) control, while RSMB appears to simply reflect variation in developmental level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01537.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=743 [article] Investigating the structure of the restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests domain of autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Wendy ROBERTS, Auteur ; Stelios GEORGIADES, Auteur ; William MAHONEY, Auteur ; Jeremy GOLDBERG, Auteur ; Lawrence TUFF, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.582–590. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-6 (June 2006) . - p.582–590 Mots-clés : Pervasive-developmental-disorders autism restricted-repetitive-behaviours-and-interests principal-components-analysis structure-of-autism-domains genetic studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The Restricted, Repetitive Behaviours and Interests (RRBIs) are represented in the DSM-IV and measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) as one of the three homogeneous symptom categories of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Although this conceptualisation is well accepted in the field, the grouping of symptoms is based primarily on clinical judgment rather than on empirical evidence. Methods: The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of the RRBI domain of autism. Eleven items from this domain of the ADI-R were used in a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Our sample consisted of 339 individuals with a Best Estimate diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). Results: Findings indicate that the RRBI domain is composed of two distinct factors or dimensions: Insistence on Sameness (IS) and Repetitive Sensory and Motor Behaviours (RSMB). RSMB is negatively correlated with adaptive skills; that is, lower functioning individuals tend to have higher levels of repetitive sensory and motor behaviours. On the other hand, IS is positively correlated with autistic symptoms in the communication and language domain. Further analyses suggest moderate familial aggregation among affected sibling pairs within the IS but not the RSMB factor. Conclusions: These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of the RRBI domain of the ADI-R in terms of both clinical presentation and other correlates. In addition, the IS factor seems to be under familial (presumably genetic) control, while RSMB appears to simply reflect variation in developmental level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01537.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=743

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