Age-Related Effects on Social Cognition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possible Protective Effect on Theory of Mind / Esra ZIVRALI YARAR in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.911-920 Titre : Age-Related Effects on Social Cognition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possible Protective Effect on Theory of Mind Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Esra ZIVRALI YARAR, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.911-920 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : aging  alexithymia  autism spectrum disorder  cognition  empathy  social  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired social cognition has been suggested to underlie the social communication difficulties that define autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In typical development, social cognition may deteriorate in older age, but age effects in ASD adults have been little explored. In the present study, we compared groups of younger and older adults with and without ASD (n = 97), who completed a set of social cognition tasks assessing theory of mind (ToM), and self-report measures of empathy and alexithymia. While typically developing (TD) younger adults outperformed elderly TD and younger ASD participants, younger and older ASD adults did not differ in their ToM performance, and the elderly ASD and TD groups performed equivalently. By contrast, ASD adults reported lower empathy scores and higher levels of alexithymia symptoms compared to TD adults regardless of age. The difference between ASD and TD groups in self-reported empathy scores was no longer significant when alexithymia was covaried (with the exception of the Perspective Taking subscore). Results suggest a possible age-protective effect on ToM in the ASD group. In addition, empathy difficulties appear to be associated with alexithymia rather than ASD per se. Possible interpretations are discussed, and future directions for autism aging research are proposed. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with social understanding. Some age-related studies in typical development have shown a decline in social understanding in older age. We investigated whether a similar pattern is present in adults with ASD. We found that understanding what someone is thinking was not worse in older versus younger autistic adults. Also, we reported further evidence suggesting that emotional empathy difficulties were related to difficulties with understanding one's own emotions rather than with autism itself. Autism Res 2021, 14: 911-920. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2410 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Age-Related Effects on Social Cognition in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possible Protective Effect on Theory of Mind [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Esra ZIVRALI YARAR, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.911-920. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.911-920 Mots-clés : aging  alexithymia  autism spectrum disorder  cognition  empathy  social  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired social cognition has been suggested to underlie the social communication difficulties that define autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In typical development, social cognition may deteriorate in older age, but age effects in ASD adults have been little explored. In the present study, we compared groups of younger and older adults with and without ASD (n = 97), who completed a set of social cognition tasks assessing theory of mind (ToM), and self-report measures of empathy and alexithymia. While typically developing (TD) younger adults outperformed elderly TD and younger ASD participants, younger and older ASD adults did not differ in their ToM performance, and the elderly ASD and TD groups performed equivalently. By contrast, ASD adults reported lower empathy scores and higher levels of alexithymia symptoms compared to TD adults regardless of age. The difference between ASD and TD groups in self-reported empathy scores was no longer significant when alexithymia was covaried (with the exception of the Perspective Taking subscore). Results suggest a possible age-protective effect on ToM in the ASD group. In addition, empathy difficulties appear to be associated with alexithymia rather than ASD per se. Possible interpretations are discussed, and future directions for autism aging research are proposed. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with social understanding. Some age-related studies in typical development have shown a decline in social understanding in older age. We investigated whether a similar pattern is present in adults with ASD. We found that understanding what someone is thinking was not worse in older versus younger autistic adults. Also, we reported further evidence suggesting that emotional empathy difficulties were related to difficulties with understanding one's own emotions rather than with autism itself. Autism Res 2021, 14: 911-920. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2410 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Aging and autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the broad autism phenotype / Gregory L. WALLACE in Autism Research, 9-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1294-1303 Titre : Aging and autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Jessica BUDGETT, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1294-1303 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : broad autism phenotype  autism  aging  older adulthood  executive function  anxiety  depression  social support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated for the first time the broad autism phenotype (BAP) in the context of older adulthood and its associations with real-world executive function, social support, and both depression and anxiety symptomatology. Based on self-ratings of autistic traits, 66 older adults (60+ years old, range?=?61–88) were split into BAP (n?=?20) and control (n?=?46) groups. Individuals in the BAP group, even after controlling for age, education level, sex, and health problems, exhibited more real-world executive function problems in multiple domains, reported lower levels of social support, and self-rated increased depression and anxiety symptomatology compared to the control group. Regression analysis revealed that level of social support was the strongest predictor of BAP traits across both groups, although real-world executive function problems and depression symptomatology were also significant predictors. Moreover, when predicting anxiety and depression symptomatology, BAP traits were the strongest predictors above and beyond the effects of demographic factors, real-world executive function problems, and social support levels. These findings suggest that the BAP in older adulthood imparts additional risks to areas of functioning that are known to be crucial to aging-related outcomes in the context of typical development. These results might in turn inform aging in autism spectrum disorder, which has been largely unexplored to date. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1620 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Aging and autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Jessica BUDGETT, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur . - p.1294-1303. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1294-1303 Mots-clés : broad autism phenotype  autism  aging  older adulthood  executive function  anxiety  depression  social support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated for the first time the broad autism phenotype (BAP) in the context of older adulthood and its associations with real-world executive function, social support, and both depression and anxiety symptomatology. Based on self-ratings of autistic traits, 66 older adults (60+ years old, range?=?61–88) were split into BAP (n?=?20) and control (n?=?46) groups. Individuals in the BAP group, even after controlling for age, education level, sex, and health problems, exhibited more real-world executive function problems in multiple domains, reported lower levels of social support, and self-rated increased depression and anxiety symptomatology compared to the control group. Regression analysis revealed that level of social support was the strongest predictor of BAP traits across both groups, although real-world executive function problems and depression symptomatology were also significant predictors. Moreover, when predicting anxiety and depression symptomatology, BAP traits were the strongest predictors above and beyond the effects of demographic factors, real-world executive function problems, and social support levels. These findings suggest that the BAP in older adulthood imparts additional risks to areas of functioning that are known to be crucial to aging-related outcomes in the context of typical development. These results might in turn inform aging in autism spectrum disorder, which has been largely unexplored to date. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1620 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Aging with elevated autistic traits: Cognitive functioning among older adults with the broad autism phenotype / Gavin R. STEWART in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 54 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 54 (October 2018) . - p.27-36 Titre : Aging with elevated autistic traits: Cognitive functioning among older adults with the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gavin R. STEWART, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.27-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aging  Broad autism phenotype  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Little is known about the impact of aging with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on cognition. As a first step in addressing this gap in our knowledge, the current study examined cognitive functioning among older adults with elevated, but subclinical levels of autistic traits (i.e., the Broad Autism Phenotype; BAP) compared to older adults without the BAP. Method Forty older adults (aged 60–91, M?=?73 years) were recruited and classified as meeting criteria for the BAP (n?=?20) or not (control older adults, COA; n?=?20). Different components of executive function as well as episodic memory were measured using standardized performance-based neuropsychological assessments in addition to a self-report questionnaire of executive function difficulties. Results Despite no differences in age, sex ratio, educational history or IQ, the BAP group demonstrated poorer performance on measures of executive function and episodic memory compared to the COA group. The BAP group also self-reported more executive function difficulties in everyday settings. Moreover, differences in working memory and attentional shifting were maintained after accounting for the influences of IQ and both depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that aging with the BAP confers additional risk to cognitive function for older adults. As the BAP forms a bridge in the continuum from typical to atypical levels of autistic traits, these findings suggest that individuals with ASD might also incur cognitive costs as they age into older adulthood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Aging with elevated autistic traits: Cognitive functioning among older adults with the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gavin R. STEWART, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.27-36. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 54 (October 2018) . - p.27-36 Mots-clés : Aging  Broad autism phenotype  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Little is known about the impact of aging with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on cognition. As a first step in addressing this gap in our knowledge, the current study examined cognitive functioning among older adults with elevated, but subclinical levels of autistic traits (i.e., the Broad Autism Phenotype; BAP) compared to older adults without the BAP. Method Forty older adults (aged 60–91, M?=?73 years) were recruited and classified as meeting criteria for the BAP (n?=?20) or not (control older adults, COA; n?=?20). Different components of executive function as well as episodic memory were measured using standardized performance-based neuropsychological assessments in addition to a self-report questionnaire of executive function difficulties. Results Despite no differences in age, sex ratio, educational history or IQ, the BAP group demonstrated poorer performance on measures of executive function and episodic memory compared to the COA group. The BAP group also self-reported more executive function difficulties in everyday settings. Moreover, differences in working memory and attentional shifting were maintained after accounting for the influences of IQ and both depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that aging with the BAP confers additional risk to cognitive function for older adults. As the BAP forms a bridge in the continuum from typical to atypical levels of autistic traits, these findings suggest that individuals with ASD might also incur cognitive costs as they age into older adulthood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in autistic adults: The impact of sleep quality and antipsychotic medication use / Lauren BISHOP in Autism Research, 16-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-3 (March 2023) . - p.569-579 Titre : Cardiovascular disease risk factors in autistic adults: The impact of sleep quality and antipsychotic medication use Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren BISHOP, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Kiley J. MCLEAN, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.569-579 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Approximately 40% of American adults are affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and overweight or obesity), and risk among autistic adults may be even higher. Mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in autistic people may include known correlates of CVD risk factors in other groups, including high levels of perceived stress, poor sleep quality, and antipsychotic medication use. A sample of 545 autistic adults without intellectual disability aged 18+ were recruited through the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research, Research Match. Multiple linear regression models examined the association between key independent variables (self-reported perceived stress, sleep quality, and antipsychotic medication use) and CVD risk factors, controlling for demographic variables (age, sex assigned at birth, race, low-income status, autistic traits). Overall, 73.2% of autistic adults in our sample had an overweight/obesity classification, 45.3% had high cholesterol, 39.4% had high blood pressure, and 10.3% had diabetes. Older age, male sex assigned at birth, and poorer sleep quality were associated with a higher number of CVD risk factors. Using antipsychotic medications was associated with an increased likelihood of having diabetes. Poorer sleep quality was associated with an increased likelihood of having an overweight/obesity classification. Self-reported CVD risk factors are highly prevalent among autistic adults. Both improving sleep quality and closely monitoring CVD risk factors among autistic adults who use antipsychotic medications have the potential to reduce risk for CVD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2872 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=498 [article] Cardiovascular disease risk factors in autistic adults: The impact of sleep quality and antipsychotic medication use [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren BISHOP, Auteur ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Kiley J. MCLEAN, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.569-579. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-3 (March 2023) . - p.569-579 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Approximately 40% of American adults are affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and overweight or obesity), and risk among autistic adults may be even higher. Mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of CVD risk factors in autistic people may include known correlates of CVD risk factors in other groups, including high levels of perceived stress, poor sleep quality, and antipsychotic medication use. A sample of 545 autistic adults without intellectual disability aged 18+ were recruited through the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research, Research Match. Multiple linear regression models examined the association between key independent variables (self-reported perceived stress, sleep quality, and antipsychotic medication use) and CVD risk factors, controlling for demographic variables (age, sex assigned at birth, race, low-income status, autistic traits). Overall, 73.2% of autistic adults in our sample had an overweight/obesity classification, 45.3% had high cholesterol, 39.4% had high blood pressure, and 10.3% had diabetes. Older age, male sex assigned at birth, and poorer sleep quality were associated with a higher number of CVD risk factors. Using antipsychotic medications was associated with an increased likelihood of having diabetes. Poorer sleep quality was associated with an increased likelihood of having an overweight/obesity classification. Self-reported CVD risk factors are highly prevalent among autistic adults. Both improving sleep quality and closely monitoring CVD risk factors among autistic adults who use antipsychotic medications have the potential to reduce risk for CVD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2872 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=498

Cardiovascular risk and emotion regulation contribute to depression symptomatology in middle-aged and older autistic adults / Rebecca A. CHARLTON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 101 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 101 (March 2023) . - 102089 Titre : Cardiovascular risk and emotion regulation contribute to depression symptomatology in middle-aged and older autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102089 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ageing  Autism  Cardiovascular risk factors  Depression  Emotion regulation  Later-life  Physical health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and executive function difficulties increase during later-life and are associated with depression symptoms among non-autistic older people. These associations, however, have not yet been explored among middle-aged and older autistic people. Methods Using data collected via Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research (SPARK), Research Match, we examined the frequency of CVRF, and associations between CVRF, executive function and depression symptoms in 387 middle-aged and older autistic people (aged 40 “83 years). Results Autistic adults reported high rates of CVRF (two, 28.9%; three or more, 23.2%). Rates of high cholesterol and obesity were greater among middle-aged and older autistic adults compared to the general population. CVRF, age, and emotion regulation (but not inhibitory control), were significantly associated with depression symptoms in middle-aged and older autistic adults. Conclusions CVRF occur at high rates in middle-aged and older autistic adults, and it is important that healthcare providers monitor risk factors in order to implement preventative strategies. CVRF are associated with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older autistic adults, but may not be as important as difficulties with emotion regulation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102089 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492 [article] Cardiovascular risk and emotion regulation contribute to depression symptomatology in middle-aged and older autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca A. CHARLTON, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Lauren BISHOP, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - 102089. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 101 (March 2023) . - 102089 Mots-clés : Ageing  Autism  Cardiovascular risk factors  Depression  Emotion regulation  Later-life  Physical health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and executive function difficulties increase during later-life and are associated with depression symptoms among non-autistic older people. These associations, however, have not yet been explored among middle-aged and older autistic people. Methods Using data collected via Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research (SPARK), Research Match, we examined the frequency of CVRF, and associations between CVRF, executive function and depression symptoms in 387 middle-aged and older autistic people (aged 40 “83 years). Results Autistic adults reported high rates of CVRF (two, 28.9%; three or more, 23.2%). Rates of high cholesterol and obesity were greater among middle-aged and older autistic adults compared to the general population. CVRF, age, and emotion regulation (but not inhibitory control), were significantly associated with depression symptoms in middle-aged and older autistic adults. Conclusions CVRF occur at high rates in middle-aged and older autistic adults, and it is important that healthcare providers monitor risk factors in order to implement preventative strategies. CVRF are associated with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older autistic adults, but may not be as important as difficulties with emotion regulation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102089 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492

Demographic and Cognitive Profile of Individuals Seeking a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adulthood / Francesca HAPPE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-11 (November 2016)  

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Exploratory Study of Executive Function Abilities Across the Adult Lifespan in Individuals Receiving an ASD Diagnosis in Adulthood / P. ABBOTT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-12 (December 2018)  

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“It feels like holding back something you need to say”: Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults accounts of sensory experiences and stimming / Rebecca A. CHARLTON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 89 (November 2021)  

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Predictors of sleep quality for autistic people across adulthood / Rebecca A. CHARLTON in Autism Research, 16-4 (April 2023)  

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Repetitive Behaviours in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults: Associations with Sensory Sensitivity and Impact on Self-Efficacy / Gabrielle NWAORDU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-11 (November)  

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Self-harm and Suicidality Experiences of Middle-Age and Older Adults With vs. Without High Autistic Traits / Gavin R. STEWART in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-8 (August 2023)  

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Self-reported cognitive decline among middle and older age autistic adults / Claire B. KLEIN in Autism Research, 16-3 (March 2023)  

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Sleep problems and mental health difficulties in older adults who endorse high autistic traits / Gavin R. STEWART in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 77 (September 2020)  

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Social support and links to quality of life among middle-aged and older autistic adults / Rebecca A. CHARLTON in Autism, 27-1 (January 2023)  

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The cognitive profile of middle-aged and older adults with high vs. low autistic traits / Anne CORBETT ; Clive BALLARD ; Byron CREESE ; Dag AARSLAND ; Adam HAMPSHIRE ; Helen BROOKER ; Rebecca A. CHARLTON ; Francesca HAPPÃ in Autism Research, 16-2 (February 2023)  

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