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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur P. R. EASTWOOD |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Brief Report: Facial Asymmetry and Autistic-Like Traits in the General Population / Maryam BOUTRUS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Facial Asymmetry and Autistic-Like Traits in the General Population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Z. GILANI, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2115-2123 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder/complications/pathology Cephalometry Face/diagnostic imaging/pathology Facial Asymmetry/diagnostic imaging/psychology Female Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Male Phenotype Photography Young Adult Autism Facial asymmetry Morphology Neurodevelopment Neurotypical Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical facial morphology, particularly increased facial asymmetry, has been identified in some individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Many cognitive, behavioural and biological features associated with ASC also occur on a continuum in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine subthreshold levels of autistic traits and facial morphology in non-autistic individuals. Facial asymmetry was measured using three-dimensional facial photogrammetry, and the Autism-spectrum Quotient was used to measure autistic-like traits in a community-ascertained sample of young adults (n?=?289). After accounting for covariates, there were no significant associations observed between autistic-like traits and facial asymmetry, suggesting that any potential facial morphology differences linked to ASC may be limited to the clinical condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04661-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2115-2123[article] Brief Report: Facial Asymmetry and Autistic-Like Traits in the General Population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maryam BOUTRUS, Auteur ; Z. GILANI, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.2115-2123.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-6 (June 2021) . - p.2115-2123
Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder/complications/pathology Cephalometry Face/diagnostic imaging/pathology Facial Asymmetry/diagnostic imaging/psychology Female Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Male Phenotype Photography Young Adult Autism Facial asymmetry Morphology Neurodevelopment Neurotypical Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical facial morphology, particularly increased facial asymmetry, has been identified in some individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Many cognitive, behavioural and biological features associated with ASC also occur on a continuum in the general population. The aim of the present study was to examine subthreshold levels of autistic traits and facial morphology in non-autistic individuals. Facial asymmetry was measured using three-dimensional facial photogrammetry, and the Autism-spectrum Quotient was used to measure autistic-like traits in a community-ascertained sample of young adults (n?=?289). After accounting for covariates, there were no significant associations observed between autistic-like traits and facial asymmetry, suggesting that any potential facial morphology differences linked to ASC may be limited to the clinical condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04661-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population / S. Z. GILANI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; F. SHAFAIT, Auteur ; M. GOONEWARDENE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.14 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Autism spectrum disorder Facial features Femininity Gender defiant disorder Hypermasculinisation Masculinity Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In a recent study, Bejerot et al. observed that several physical features (including faces) of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were more androgynous than those of their typically developed counterparts, suggesting that ASD may be understood as a 'gender defiant' disorder. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypermasculinisation account, which proposes that ASD may be an exaggerated form of cognitive and biological masculinity. The current study extended these data by first identifying six facial features that best distinguished males and females from the general population and then examining these features in typically developing groups selected for high and low levels of autistic-like traits. METHODS: In study 1, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were collected from 208 young adult males and females recruited from the general population. Twenty-three facial distances were measured from these images and a gender classification and scoring algorithm was employed to identify a set of six facial features that most effectively distinguished male from female faces. In study 2, measurements of these six features were compared for groups of young adults selected for high (n = 46) or low (n = 66) levels of autistic-like traits. RESULTS: For each sex, four of the six sexually dimorphic facial distances significantly differentiated participants with high levels of autistic-like traits from those with low trait levels. All four features were less masculinised for high-trait males compared to low-trait males. Three of four features were less feminised for high-trait females compared to low-trait females. One feature was, however, not consistent with the general pattern of findings and was more feminised among females who reported more autistic-like traits. Based on the four significantly different facial distances for each sex, discriminant function analysis correctly classified 89.7% of the males and 88.9% of the females into their respective high- and low-trait groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed less sex-typical facial features than individuals with low levels of autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.14[article] Sexually dimorphic facial features vary according to level of autistic-like traits in the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. Z. GILANI, Auteur ; D. W. TAN, Auteur ; S. N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; A. MIAN, Auteur ; P. R. EASTWOOD, Auteur ; F. SHAFAIT, Auteur ; M. GOONEWARDENE, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.14.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.14
Mots-clés : Autism Autism spectrum disorder Facial features Femininity Gender defiant disorder Hypermasculinisation Masculinity Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: In a recent study, Bejerot et al. observed that several physical features (including faces) of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were more androgynous than those of their typically developed counterparts, suggesting that ASD may be understood as a 'gender defiant' disorder. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the hypermasculinisation account, which proposes that ASD may be an exaggerated form of cognitive and biological masculinity. The current study extended these data by first identifying six facial features that best distinguished males and females from the general population and then examining these features in typically developing groups selected for high and low levels of autistic-like traits. METHODS: In study 1, three-dimensional (3D) facial images were collected from 208 young adult males and females recruited from the general population. Twenty-three facial distances were measured from these images and a gender classification and scoring algorithm was employed to identify a set of six facial features that most effectively distinguished male from female faces. In study 2, measurements of these six features were compared for groups of young adults selected for high (n = 46) or low (n = 66) levels of autistic-like traits. RESULTS: For each sex, four of the six sexually dimorphic facial distances significantly differentiated participants with high levels of autistic-like traits from those with low trait levels. All four features were less masculinised for high-trait males compared to low-trait males. Three of four features were less feminised for high-trait females compared to low-trait females. One feature was, however, not consistent with the general pattern of findings and was more feminised among females who reported more autistic-like traits. Based on the four significantly different facial distances for each sex, discriminant function analysis correctly classified 89.7% of the males and 88.9% of the females into their respective high- and low-trait groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide support for Bejerot et al.'s androgyny account since males and females with high levels of autistic-like traits generally showed less sex-typical facial features than individuals with low levels of autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9109-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347