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Autism - Open Access . 8-1Paru le : 01/01/2018 |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierDesign interventions for Sensory comfort of Autistic children / Arathy GOPAL in Autism - Open Access, 8-1 ([01/01/2018])
[article]
Titre : Design interventions for Sensory comfort of Autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Arathy GOPAL, Auteur ; Jayaprakash RAGHAVAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 8 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Architectural design Autistic children Interdisciplinarity User centered design Design behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of the study was to arrive at design interventions for sensory comfort of Autistic children. The scope of study included vast and systematic review of literature and few observation studies supplemented with survey of caregivers. A matrix with detailed design guidelines was the study outcome. It was concluded that designing for sensorily comfortable spaces could make the child more manageable and formulated guidelines could aid the design process. But the risk of child insisting on the same setting with prolonged exposure cannot be neglected. Future potential research areas involving design interventions for possibly enhancing neural connectivity in brain regions involved in sensory perception and integration, is also discussed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000227 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 8 p.[article] Design interventions for Sensory comfort of Autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Arathy GOPAL, Auteur ; Jayaprakash RAGHAVAN, Auteur . - 8 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 8 p.
Mots-clés : Architectural design Autistic children Interdisciplinarity User centered design Design behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of the study was to arrive at design interventions for sensory comfort of Autistic children. The scope of study included vast and systematic review of literature and few observation studies supplemented with survey of caregivers. A matrix with detailed design guidelines was the study outcome. It was concluded that designing for sensorily comfortable spaces could make the child more manageable and formulated guidelines could aid the design process. But the risk of child insisting on the same setting with prolonged exposure cannot be neglected. Future potential research areas involving design interventions for possibly enhancing neural connectivity in brain regions involved in sensory perception and integration, is also discussed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000227 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 Autism is an Acquired Cellular Detoxification Deficiency Syndrome with Heterogeneous Genetic Predisposition / L.W. JAMES in Autism - Open Access, 8-1 ([01/01/2018])
[article]
Titre : Autism is an Acquired Cellular Detoxification Deficiency Syndrome with Heterogeneous Genetic Predisposition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L.W. JAMES, Auteur Article en page(s) : 15 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Endoplasmic reticulum ER associated degradation ER amino peptidase 1 EOR ER overload response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, have a complex biological and medical basis involving diverse genetic risk and myriad environmental exposures. Teasing apart the role of specific stressors is made challenging due to the large number of apparently contributing associations, gene x environment interactions and phenomimicry. Historically, these conditions have been rare, making causality assessment at the population level infeasible. Only a few vaccines have been tested for association with autism, and it has been shown that improved diagnosis only explains a percentage of the increase in diagnosis. Now the rates are so high in some countries that public school programs cannot handle to large numbers of special needs students, and professionals are quitting their jobs due to security concerns. Here, I present a mechanistic biomedical process model (theory) of the pathophysiology of autism that reconciles the apparent paradox between the high degree of causal heterogeneity in environmental toxins, the absence of common "autism genes" and the high degree of genetic concordance (heritability) of ASD and ASD-like traits. In brief, the environmental toxin sampling liability for ASD varies among families involving different local exposures following injury to normal cellular endoplasmic detoxification and mitochondrial processes from toxic metals. The literature strongly supports that autism is most accurately seen as an acquired cellular detoxification deficiency syndrome with heterogeneous genetic predisposition that manifests pathophysiologic consequences of accumulated, run-away cellular toxicity. At a more general level, it is a form of a toxicant-induced loss of tolerance of toxins, and of chronic and sustained ER overload (“ER hyperstress”), contributing to neuronal and glial apoptosis via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Inherited risk of impaired cellular detoxification and circulating metal re-toxification in neurons and glial cells accompanied by chronic UPR is key. This model explains the aberrant protein disorder observed in ASD; the great diversity of genes that are found to have low, but real contributions to ASD risk and the sensitivity of individuals with ASD to environmental toxins. The hindrance of detoxification and loss of cellular energetics leads to apoptosis, release of cytokines and chronic neuroinflammation and microglial activation, all observed hallmarks of ASD. Interference with the development of normal complex (redundant) synapses leads to a pathological variation in neuronal differentiation, axon and dendrite outgrowth, and synaptic protein expression. The most general outcomes are overall simplification of gross synaptic anatomy and, neurofunctionally, a loss of inhibitory feedback and aberrations in long-term connections between distant regions of the brain. Failed resolution of the ER stress response leads to re-distribution of neurotoxic metals, and the impaired neurocellular processes lead to subsequent accumulation of a variety of additional types of toxins with secondary, sometime life-threatening comorbidities such as seizures, with overlapping (not mutually exclusive) causality. Reduction of exposure to toxins known to cause mitopathy (mercury) and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction (mercury and aluminium) during pregnancy and during the early years of development will reduce the risk of ER overload and ER hyperstress, and of ASD diagnosis. This knowledge has immediate clinical translational relevance: Post-vaccination symptoms should be heeded as a sign of susceptibility to toxin; Vitamin D can be increased to drive the healthy early phases of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and mutations in ASD genes encoding proteins with high intrinsic disorder may contraindicate the use of aluminium and mercury for carriers of risk alleles. Clinicians should be alert to a patient’s Vitamin D receptor (BSM) mutational status prior to recommending increased doses. Approaches to improving overall brain health in autistics must be de-stigmatized and given high priority. Reduction of lifetime exposures of industrial and agricultural toxins will improve brain health for the entire human population. Purely genetic studies of ASD, and studies that do not include vaccination as an environmental exposure with potential liability and interactions with genes, are unethical. To qualify as science, studies must test plausible hypotheses, and the absence of association from poorly designed, unethically executed, and underpowered and unsound whole-population association studies have been harmful distractions in the quest for understanding. Skilled pediatricians and ob/gyns will seek evidence of genetic predisposition to environmental susceptibility in the form of non-synonymous substitutions in brain proteins that require ER-folding, and they will provide informed cautions on exposures (from all sources) to environmental toxins to patients and parents of patients with signs of metal and chemical sensitivity. To aid in this, a list of ASD environmental susceptibility protein-encoded genes is presented. A clinical exome sequence test, followed by loss-of-function prediction analysis, would point to individuals most susceptible to vaccine metal-induced ER hyper stress. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000224 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 15 p.[article] Autism is an Acquired Cellular Detoxification Deficiency Syndrome with Heterogeneous Genetic Predisposition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L.W. JAMES, Auteur . - 15 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 15 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Endoplasmic reticulum ER associated degradation ER amino peptidase 1 EOR ER overload response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, have a complex biological and medical basis involving diverse genetic risk and myriad environmental exposures. Teasing apart the role of specific stressors is made challenging due to the large number of apparently contributing associations, gene x environment interactions and phenomimicry. Historically, these conditions have been rare, making causality assessment at the population level infeasible. Only a few vaccines have been tested for association with autism, and it has been shown that improved diagnosis only explains a percentage of the increase in diagnosis. Now the rates are so high in some countries that public school programs cannot handle to large numbers of special needs students, and professionals are quitting their jobs due to security concerns. Here, I present a mechanistic biomedical process model (theory) of the pathophysiology of autism that reconciles the apparent paradox between the high degree of causal heterogeneity in environmental toxins, the absence of common "autism genes" and the high degree of genetic concordance (heritability) of ASD and ASD-like traits. In brief, the environmental toxin sampling liability for ASD varies among families involving different local exposures following injury to normal cellular endoplasmic detoxification and mitochondrial processes from toxic metals. The literature strongly supports that autism is most accurately seen as an acquired cellular detoxification deficiency syndrome with heterogeneous genetic predisposition that manifests pathophysiologic consequences of accumulated, run-away cellular toxicity. At a more general level, it is a form of a toxicant-induced loss of tolerance of toxins, and of chronic and sustained ER overload (“ER hyperstress”), contributing to neuronal and glial apoptosis via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Inherited risk of impaired cellular detoxification and circulating metal re-toxification in neurons and glial cells accompanied by chronic UPR is key. This model explains the aberrant protein disorder observed in ASD; the great diversity of genes that are found to have low, but real contributions to ASD risk and the sensitivity of individuals with ASD to environmental toxins. The hindrance of detoxification and loss of cellular energetics leads to apoptosis, release of cytokines and chronic neuroinflammation and microglial activation, all observed hallmarks of ASD. Interference with the development of normal complex (redundant) synapses leads to a pathological variation in neuronal differentiation, axon and dendrite outgrowth, and synaptic protein expression. The most general outcomes are overall simplification of gross synaptic anatomy and, neurofunctionally, a loss of inhibitory feedback and aberrations in long-term connections between distant regions of the brain. Failed resolution of the ER stress response leads to re-distribution of neurotoxic metals, and the impaired neurocellular processes lead to subsequent accumulation of a variety of additional types of toxins with secondary, sometime life-threatening comorbidities such as seizures, with overlapping (not mutually exclusive) causality. Reduction of exposure to toxins known to cause mitopathy (mercury) and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction (mercury and aluminium) during pregnancy and during the early years of development will reduce the risk of ER overload and ER hyperstress, and of ASD diagnosis. This knowledge has immediate clinical translational relevance: Post-vaccination symptoms should be heeded as a sign of susceptibility to toxin; Vitamin D can be increased to drive the healthy early phases of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and mutations in ASD genes encoding proteins with high intrinsic disorder may contraindicate the use of aluminium and mercury for carriers of risk alleles. Clinicians should be alert to a patient’s Vitamin D receptor (BSM) mutational status prior to recommending increased doses. Approaches to improving overall brain health in autistics must be de-stigmatized and given high priority. Reduction of lifetime exposures of industrial and agricultural toxins will improve brain health for the entire human population. Purely genetic studies of ASD, and studies that do not include vaccination as an environmental exposure with potential liability and interactions with genes, are unethical. To qualify as science, studies must test plausible hypotheses, and the absence of association from poorly designed, unethically executed, and underpowered and unsound whole-population association studies have been harmful distractions in the quest for understanding. Skilled pediatricians and ob/gyns will seek evidence of genetic predisposition to environmental susceptibility in the form of non-synonymous substitutions in brain proteins that require ER-folding, and they will provide informed cautions on exposures (from all sources) to environmental toxins to patients and parents of patients with signs of metal and chemical sensitivity. To aid in this, a list of ASD environmental susceptibility protein-encoded genes is presented. A clinical exome sequence test, followed by loss-of-function prediction analysis, would point to individuals most susceptible to vaccine metal-induced ER hyper stress. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000224 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 A General Overview of the Pragmatic Language-Social Skills and Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Dimitrios PAPADOPOULOS in Autism - Open Access, 8-1 ([01/01/2018])
[article]
Titre : A General Overview of the Pragmatic Language-Social Skills and Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dimitrios PAPADOPOULOS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 10 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Pragmatic language Social skills Development Treatment intervention program Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, whose symptoms are usually identified early on in childhood and remain present throughout one’s lifetime, affecting the daily functioning and well-being of individuals with ASD. Impairment in social communication and behavior, in imagination and symbolic representation, as well as the tendency to maintain strict routines has been pointed out as the basic clinical features. The quality as well as the intensity in the expression of these symptoms are influenced by age and developmental changes, by the growth of intelligence and by resilience levels, as well as by early diagnosis and the intervention’s beginning, by the role played by family and parents in handling trying behaviors, as well as by choosing the appropriate educational environment, which should be adapted to the cognitive and socio-emotional needs of students with autism. This paper aims to review the psychological features creating the core of this disorder and leading the child to express autistic symptoms and mental arrhythmia. Particular attention will be paid to examining the pragmatic language and the communicative-social skills displayed by children suffering from autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, another important target of this paper is to connect theory with psychological practice, as well as to promote knowledge for psychologists, child psychiatrists, special teachers, speech-language therapists and parents, so that they can apply appropriate interventions, which have been found to be effective on the verbal, social and behavioral difficulties that children with ASD are facing. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000225 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 10 p.[article] A General Overview of the Pragmatic Language-Social Skills and Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dimitrios PAPADOPOULOS, Auteur . - 10 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 10 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Pragmatic language Social skills Development Treatment intervention program Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, whose symptoms are usually identified early on in childhood and remain present throughout one’s lifetime, affecting the daily functioning and well-being of individuals with ASD. Impairment in social communication and behavior, in imagination and symbolic representation, as well as the tendency to maintain strict routines has been pointed out as the basic clinical features. The quality as well as the intensity in the expression of these symptoms are influenced by age and developmental changes, by the growth of intelligence and by resilience levels, as well as by early diagnosis and the intervention’s beginning, by the role played by family and parents in handling trying behaviors, as well as by choosing the appropriate educational environment, which should be adapted to the cognitive and socio-emotional needs of students with autism. This paper aims to review the psychological features creating the core of this disorder and leading the child to express autistic symptoms and mental arrhythmia. Particular attention will be paid to examining the pragmatic language and the communicative-social skills displayed by children suffering from autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, another important target of this paper is to connect theory with psychological practice, as well as to promote knowledge for psychologists, child psychiatrists, special teachers, speech-language therapists and parents, so that they can apply appropriate interventions, which have been found to be effective on the verbal, social and behavioral difficulties that children with ASD are facing. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000225 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study / Dahlia SAAB in Autism - Open Access, 8-1 ([01/01/2018])
[article]
Titre : National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dahlia SAAB, Auteur ; Monique CHAAYA, Auteur ; Rose-Mary BOUSTANY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 7 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Prevalence Epidemiology Lebanon Risk/protective factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is a lack of data regarding autism prevalence and factors associated with it in Arab Countries, especially in Lebanon. A study conducted in Beirut and Mount Lebanon governorates estimated the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 1.53% of children 16-48 months attending nurseries. This study aims at obtaining a total national ASD estimate and find factors associated with the disorder. Methods: The methodology used to collect data at a national level consisted of administering the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for screening and a self-administered questionnaire for associated factors. The final sample included 1,373 children aged 16-48 months. Prevalence estimates and crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were generated. Results: ASD national prevalence is 1.48%with 95% CI (0.84, 2.12), with a 1.13 male/female ratio according to the M-CHAT. In the multivariable analysis, having an employed mother in the last year was protective against ASD (OR (95% CI): 0.36(0.14, 0.93)). Presence of delivery complications was a risk factor (3.58 (1.26, 10.15)). First/second born and moral support during pregnancy were protective, whereas mother not having a university education and family history of mental illness were risk factors. These variables were not significant in the multivariable analysis, probably due to small numbers. Conclusion: This is the first study estimating ASD prevalence in the entire Lebanese population, a much needed step to know the magnitude of the disorder. More robust studies are needed to better understand this disorder and factors associated with it in Lebanon and the region that have distinct cultural/environmental characteristics. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000223 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 7 p.[article] National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dahlia SAAB, Auteur ; Monique CHAAYA, Auteur ; Rose-Mary BOUSTANY, Auteur . - 7 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 7 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Prevalence Epidemiology Lebanon Risk/protective factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is a lack of data regarding autism prevalence and factors associated with it in Arab Countries, especially in Lebanon. A study conducted in Beirut and Mount Lebanon governorates estimated the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 1.53% of children 16-48 months attending nurseries. This study aims at obtaining a total national ASD estimate and find factors associated with the disorder. Methods: The methodology used to collect data at a national level consisted of administering the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for screening and a self-administered questionnaire for associated factors. The final sample included 1,373 children aged 16-48 months. Prevalence estimates and crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were generated. Results: ASD national prevalence is 1.48%with 95% CI (0.84, 2.12), with a 1.13 male/female ratio according to the M-CHAT. In the multivariable analysis, having an employed mother in the last year was protective against ASD (OR (95% CI): 0.36(0.14, 0.93)). Presence of delivery complications was a risk factor (3.58 (1.26, 10.15)). First/second born and moral support during pregnancy were protective, whereas mother not having a university education and family history of mental illness were risk factors. These variables were not significant in the multivariable analysis, probably due to small numbers. Conclusion: This is the first study estimating ASD prevalence in the entire Lebanese population, a much needed step to know the magnitude of the disorder. More robust studies are needed to better understand this disorder and factors associated with it in Lebanon and the region that have distinct cultural/environmental characteristics. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000223 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 Matrix Reasoning and Anhedonic Depression in Male Adolescents with Autism / Christopher F. SHARPLEY in Autism - Open Access, 8-1 ([01/01/2018])
[article]
Titre : Matrix Reasoning and Anhedonic Depression in Male Adolescents with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Matrix Reasoning Depression Anhedonia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Almost half of samples of young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience depression but little is known about the role of overall and specific cognitive function in that depression. Investigation of this link could help explain the pathway between cognitive function and depression. Methodology: Fifty-one male adolescents with ASD, plus 18 male adolescents without ASD, completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale (2nd ed.) (WASI-II) plus the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-Depression (CASI-MDD) subscale. Data were analysed at the global (total IQ, depression) and subtest (IQ) and symptom (depression) levels. Results: Although there were no significant differences in overall IQ or any of the WASI-II subtests between the ASD and non-ASD samples, the ASD sample had significantly higher CASI-MDD scores. There was a significant correlation between global IQ and Matrix Reasoning with CASI-MDD total and anhedonia scores for the ASD sample, but no significant correlations between these variables for the non-ASD sample. Conclusions: Matrix Reasoning appears to be implicated in the development of anhedonic depression in adolescents with ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000226 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 5 p.[article] Matrix Reasoning and Anhedonic Depression in Male Adolescents with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur . - 5 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 8-1 [01/01/2018] . - 5 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Matrix Reasoning Depression Anhedonia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Almost half of samples of young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience depression but little is known about the role of overall and specific cognitive function in that depression. Investigation of this link could help explain the pathway between cognitive function and depression. Methodology: Fifty-one male adolescents with ASD, plus 18 male adolescents without ASD, completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale (2nd ed.) (WASI-II) plus the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-Depression (CASI-MDD) subscale. Data were analysed at the global (total IQ, depression) and subtest (IQ) and symptom (depression) levels. Results: Although there were no significant differences in overall IQ or any of the WASI-II subtests between the ASD and non-ASD samples, the ASD sample had significantly higher CASI-MDD scores. There was a significant correlation between global IQ and Matrix Reasoning with CASI-MDD total and anhedonia scores for the ASD sample, but no significant correlations between these variables for the non-ASD sample. Conclusions: Matrix Reasoning appears to be implicated in the development of anhedonic depression in adolescents with ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000226 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410