Affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder / Anneli KYLLIAINEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-7 (July 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.790-797 Titre : Affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anneli KYLLIAINEN, Auteur ; Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Marc N. COUTANCHE, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; James CUSACK, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.790-797 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Direct gaze  eye contact  autism spectrum disorders  frontal EEG asymmetry  skin conductance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  It is unclear why children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to be inattentive to, or even avoid eye contact. The goal of this study was to investigate affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with ASD. To this end, we combined two measurements: skin conductance responses (SCR), a robust arousal measure, and asymmetry in frontal electroencephalography (EEG) activity which is associated with motivational approach and avoidance tendencies. We also explored whether degree of eye openness and face familiarity modulated these responses. Methods:  Skin conductance responses and frontal EEG activity were recorded from 14 children with ASD and 15 typically developing children whilst they looked at familiar and unfamiliar faces with eyes shut, normally open or wide-open. Stimuli were presented in such a way that they appeared to be looming towards the children. Results:  In typically developing children, there were no significant differences in SCRs between the different eye conditions, whereas in the ASD group the SCRs were attenuated to faces with closed eyes and increased as a function of the degree of eye openness. In both groups, familiar faces elicited marginally greater SCRs than unfamiliar faces. In typically developing children, normally open eyes elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG activity (associated with motivational approach) than shut eyes and wide-open eyes. In the ASD group, there were no significant differences between the gaze conditions in frontal EEG activity. Conclusions:  Collectively, the results replicate previous finding in showing atypical modulation of arousal in response to direct gaze in children with ASD but do not support the assumption that this response is associated with an avoidant motivational tendency. Instead, children with ASD may lack normative approach-related motivational response to eye contact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02522.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166 [article] Affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anneli KYLLIAINEN, Auteur ; Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Marc N. COUTANCHE, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; James CUSACK, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.790-797. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.790-797 Mots-clés : Direct gaze  eye contact  autism spectrum disorders  frontal EEG asymmetry  skin conductance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  It is unclear why children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to be inattentive to, or even avoid eye contact. The goal of this study was to investigate affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with ASD. To this end, we combined two measurements: skin conductance responses (SCR), a robust arousal measure, and asymmetry in frontal electroencephalography (EEG) activity which is associated with motivational approach and avoidance tendencies. We also explored whether degree of eye openness and face familiarity modulated these responses. Methods:  Skin conductance responses and frontal EEG activity were recorded from 14 children with ASD and 15 typically developing children whilst they looked at familiar and unfamiliar faces with eyes shut, normally open or wide-open. Stimuli were presented in such a way that they appeared to be looming towards the children. Results:  In typically developing children, there were no significant differences in SCRs between the different eye conditions, whereas in the ASD group the SCRs were attenuated to faces with closed eyes and increased as a function of the degree of eye openness. In both groups, familiar faces elicited marginally greater SCRs than unfamiliar faces. In typically developing children, normally open eyes elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG activity (associated with motivational approach) than shut eyes and wide-open eyes. In the ASD group, there were no significant differences between the gaze conditions in frontal EEG activity. Conclusions:  Collectively, the results replicate previous finding in showing atypical modulation of arousal in response to direct gaze in children with ASD but do not support the assumption that this response is associated with an avoidant motivational tendency. Instead, children with ASD may lack normative approach-related motivational response to eye contact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02522.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166

Commentary – bridging the research and practice gap in autism: The importance of creating research partnerships with schools / Sarah PARSONS in Autism, 17-3 (May 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 17-3 (May 2013) . - p.268-280 Titre : Commentary – bridging the research and practice gap in autism: The importance of creating research partnerships with schools Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah PARSONS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Rachel FAULKNER, Auteur ; Jude RAGAN, Auteur ; Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Kerstin WITTEMEYER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.268-280 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : collaboration  evidence-based practice  partnership  research–practice gapschools Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While the last 10 years have seen a significant increase in research published on early intervention and autism, there is a persistent disconnect between educational research and practice. Governments have invested significant funds in autism education, and a range of approaches have been implemented in schools, but there is limited research exploring whether these educational strategies are effective and a lack of involvement of teaching professionals in the research. Given that the majority of children and young people with autism spend most of their time in school and not in early or specialised intervention programmes, there is a compelling need to conduct better educational research and implement educational interventions in schools. We argue that building collaborative partnerships between researchers and school practitioners is central to achieving improved understanding of, and outcomes for, pupils on the autism spectrum. This commentary offers perspectives from teachers about their experiences of, and priorities for, research, and also presents a model of collaboration between autism school practitioners and researchers, which could support a more integrated approach to research. We reflect on the strengths and challenges of this as well as outcomes achieved so far. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312472068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200 [article] Commentary – bridging the research and practice gap in autism: The importance of creating research partnerships with schools [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah PARSONS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Rachel FAULKNER, Auteur ; Jude RAGAN, Auteur ; Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Kerstin WITTEMEYER, Auteur . - p.268-280. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 17-3 (May 2013) . - p.268-280 Mots-clés : collaboration  evidence-based practice  partnership  research–practice gapschools Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While the last 10 years have seen a significant increase in research published on early intervention and autism, there is a persistent disconnect between educational research and practice. Governments have invested significant funds in autism education, and a range of approaches have been implemented in schools, but there is limited research exploring whether these educational strategies are effective and a lack of involvement of teaching professionals in the research. Given that the majority of children and young people with autism spend most of their time in school and not in early or specialised intervention programmes, there is a compelling need to conduct better educational research and implement educational interventions in schools. We argue that building collaborative partnerships between researchers and school practitioners is central to achieving improved understanding of, and outcomes for, pupils on the autism spectrum. This commentary offers perspectives from teachers about their experiences of, and priorities for, research, and also presents a model of collaboration between autism school practitioners and researchers, which could support a more integrated approach to research. We reflect on the strengths and challenges of this as well as outcomes achieved so far. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312472068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200

Face and object processing in autism spectrum disorders / Simon WALLACE in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.43-51 Titre : Face and object processing in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Michael COLEMAN, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.43-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism Asperger-syndrome autism-spectrum-disorder face object holistic configural cognitive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The nature and extent of face-processing impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain contentious. The aim of this research study is to assess the face- and object-processing performance of individuals with ASD compared with typically developing controls. Our hypothesis was that individuals with ASD would be significantly impaired on tests of face processing but show intact object processing. More specifically, we tested two competing hypotheses to explain face-processing deficits: holistic hypothesis; second-order configural hypothesis. Twenty-six able adults with ASD and 26 intelligence quotient-matched typically developing controls completed two computerized tests of face and object discrimination. In task 1, the first picture (faces or cars) in a pair was presented as quickly as 40 msec to test holistic processing. In task 2, the decision was whether pairs of faces or houses had been altered in terms of the features or the distance between the features (the second-order configural properties). Individuals with ASD were impaired on all tests of face processing but showed intact object processing and the pattern of findings favored the holistic hypothesis. The heterogeneous pattern of performance in the clinical group showed that some individuals with ASD perform similarly to typically developing individuals in their face-processing skills, whereas others are more accurate in object processing compared with face processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Face and object processing in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Michael COLEMAN, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.43-51. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.43-51 Mots-clés : autism Asperger-syndrome autism-spectrum-disorder face object holistic configural cognitive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The nature and extent of face-processing impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain contentious. The aim of this research study is to assess the face- and object-processing performance of individuals with ASD compared with typically developing controls. Our hypothesis was that individuals with ASD would be significantly impaired on tests of face processing but show intact object processing. More specifically, we tested two competing hypotheses to explain face-processing deficits: holistic hypothesis; second-order configural hypothesis. Twenty-six able adults with ASD and 26 intelligence quotient-matched typically developing controls completed two computerized tests of face and object discrimination. In task 1, the first picture (faces or cars) in a pair was presented as quickly as 40 msec to test holistic processing. In task 2, the decision was whether pairs of faces or houses had been altered in terms of the features or the distance between the features (the second-order configural properties). Individuals with ASD were impaired on all tests of face processing but showed intact object processing and the pattern of findings favored the holistic hypothesis. The heterogeneous pattern of performance in the clinical group showed that some individuals with ASD perform similarly to typically developing individuals in their face-processing skills, whereas others are more accurate in object processing compared with face processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Face processing abilities in relatives of individuals with ASD / Simon WALLACE in Autism Research, 3-6 (December 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 3-6 (December 2010) . - p.345-349 Titre : Face processing abilities in relatives of individuals with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Catherine L. SEBASTIAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Jeremy R. PARR, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.345-349 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  broader autism phenotype  relatives  genetics  face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties identifying familiar faces, recognizing emotional expressions and judging eye-gaze direction. Recent research suggests that relatives of individuals with AS also show impairments in some aspects of face processing but no study has comprehensively assessed the nature and extent of face-processing difficulties in a group of relatives. This study compared the performance of 22 parents/adult siblings of individuals with ASD (“relatives” group), 26 adults with ASD, and 26 typically developing adults on tasks of face discrimination, facial expression recognition and judging eye-gaze direction. Relatives of individuals with ASD were less able to discriminate subtle differences between faces than typically developing adults, but were more sensitive to such differences than adults with ASD. Furthermore, relatives were significantly worse at identifying expressions of fear and disgust than typically developing adults and failed to show the typical sensitivity to direct compared with averted eye-gaze direction—a strikingly similar pattern to that observed in adults with ASD. These findings show that atypical patterns of face processing are found in some relatives of individuals with ASD and suggest that these difficulties may represent a cognitive endophenotype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=115 [article] Face processing abilities in relatives of individuals with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Catherine L. SEBASTIAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Jeremy R. PARR, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.345-349. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 3-6 (December 2010) . - p.345-349 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  broader autism phenotype  relatives  genetics  face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulties identifying familiar faces, recognizing emotional expressions and judging eye-gaze direction. Recent research suggests that relatives of individuals with AS also show impairments in some aspects of face processing but no study has comprehensively assessed the nature and extent of face-processing difficulties in a group of relatives. This study compared the performance of 22 parents/adult siblings of individuals with ASD (“relatives” group), 26 adults with ASD, and 26 typically developing adults on tasks of face discrimination, facial expression recognition and judging eye-gaze direction. Relatives of individuals with ASD were less able to discriminate subtle differences between faces than typically developing adults, but were more sensitive to such differences than adults with ASD. Furthermore, relatives were significantly worse at identifying expressions of fear and disgust than typically developing adults and failed to show the typical sensitivity to direct compared with averted eye-gaze direction—a strikingly similar pattern to that observed in adults with ASD. These findings show that atypical patterns of face processing are found in some relatives of individuals with ASD and suggest that these difficulties may represent a cognitive endophenotype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=115

A Global Public Health Strategy for Autism Spectrum Disorders / Simon WALLACE in Autism Research, 5-3 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 5-3 (June 2012) . - p.211-217 Titre : A Global Public Health Strategy for Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Michael ROSANOFF, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; Saima HOSSAIN, Auteur ; Lynn BRENNAN, Auteur ; Ariel COMO, Auteur ; Andy SHIH, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.211-217 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : epidemiology  behavioral intervention  parent training, clinical psychiatry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In recent years, there has been increasing awareness about autism spectrum disorders (ASD) around the world, including in low and middle income countries. Unlike countries in Western Europe and North America where infrastructure and capacity are available to help meet some of the needs of individuals with ASD, little expertise or capacity exists in most of the developing world. In 2008 Autism Speaks launched the Global Autism Public Health (GAPH) Initiative to facilitate the development of systematic and sustainable solutions for enhancing global autism awareness, research, training and service delivery. In the last 3 years Autism Speaks has established collaboration with stakeholders from over 20 countries who are working alongside dedicated local and international stakeholders to effect change. In this article, the GAPH framework is described, along with a few brief case examples that illustrate how the framework for implementation of the model can occur. GAPH is still in its infancy but has the potential to have significant impact through inclusive collaboration with local and international stakeholders to develop effective and sustainable public health solutions for disseminating best practices and delivering tangible benefits to individuals with ASD and their families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1236 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=163 [article] A Global Public Health Strategy for Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Deborah A. FEIN, Auteur ; Michael ROSANOFF, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur ; Saima HOSSAIN, Auteur ; Lynn BRENNAN, Auteur ; Ariel COMO, Auteur ; Andy SHIH, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.211-217. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 5-3 (June 2012) . - p.211-217 Mots-clés : epidemiology  behavioral intervention  parent training, clinical psychiatry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In recent years, there has been increasing awareness about autism spectrum disorders (ASD) around the world, including in low and middle income countries. Unlike countries in Western Europe and North America where infrastructure and capacity are available to help meet some of the needs of individuals with ASD, little expertise or capacity exists in most of the developing world. In 2008 Autism Speaks launched the Global Autism Public Health (GAPH) Initiative to facilitate the development of systematic and sustainable solutions for enhancing global autism awareness, research, training and service delivery. In the last 3 years Autism Speaks has established collaboration with stakeholders from over 20 countries who are working alongside dedicated local and international stakeholders to effect change. In this article, the GAPH framework is described, along with a few brief case examples that illustrate how the framework for implementation of the model can occur. GAPH is still in its infancy but has the potential to have significant impact through inclusive collaboration with local and international stakeholders to develop effective and sustainable public health solutions for disseminating best practices and delivering tangible benefits to individuals with ASD and their families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1236 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=163

New Interview and Observation Measures of the Broader Autism Phenotype: Description of Strategy and Reliability Findings for the Interview Measures / Jeremy R. PARR in Autism Research, 8-5 (October 2015)  

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New Interview and Observation Measures of the Broader Autism Phenotype: Group Differentiation / Maretha DE JONGE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-4 (April 2015)  

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Plan pour une politique de santé publique européenne pour l'Autisme / Christopher BALL in Link Autisme-Europe, 53 (Juin 2010)

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Sense of presence and atypical social judgments in immersive virtual environments: Responses of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Simon WALLACE in Autism, 14-3 (May 2010)  

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Using Virtual Reality Technology to Support the Learning of Children on the Autism Spectrum / Sarah PARSONS

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