3 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Encoding'

Eye Movements of Spatial Working Memory Encoding in Children with and without Autism: Chunking Processing and Reference Preference / Songze LI in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.897-910 Titre : Eye Movements of Spatial Working Memory Encoding in Children with and without Autism: Chunking Processing and Reference Preference Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Songze LI, Auteur ; Jinsheng HU, Auteur ; Ruosong CHANG, Auteur ; Qi LI, Auteur ; Peng WAN, Auteur ; Shuqing LIU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.897-910 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  chunking  encoding  eye movements  frame of reference  spatial working memory  weak central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience spatial working memory deficits and show different encoding mechanisms from typical developing (TD) peers. To effectively describe the encoding strategies of those with ASD and highlight their characteristics in cognitive processing, we adopted improved change detection tasks and added eye-movement indicators to investigate the chunking function and reference preference of children with and without ASD. The current study included 20 participants with ASD aged 8-16 and 20 TD children matched for age, gender, and intelligence. Experiment 1 used high/low-structured change detection tasks, and eye-movement indexes were recorded as they memorized the locations of the items to investigate spatial chunking strategies. In Experiment 2, changes in eye movement patterns were observed by adding a frame of reference. The results suggested different encoding strategies in ASD and TD individuals. The ASD group showed local processing bias and had difficulty adopting chunking strategies in spatial working memory. Eye-movement analysis suggested that they rarely showed integrated information processing tendency observed in TD children. Moreover, as a compensatory processing, they were more likely to use the frame of reference. In this study, we compared the spatial chunking strategies and reference preference of children with and without ASD, and eye-movement analysis was used to investigate the processing mechanism. These findings are significant for research on cognitive characteristics of ASD and provide a new focus for working memory training in children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The current study suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder are poorer at organizing items into chunks in spatial working memory, but rely more on reference frames. If the purpose of location memory is to strengthen the adaptability of children with autism, it should provide them with more clues or references. If it is for the purpose of intervention such as cognitive training, it should guide them to integrate information to improve the basic cognitive processing efficiency. Autism Res 2021, 14: 897-910. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2398 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Eye Movements of Spatial Working Memory Encoding in Children with and without Autism: Chunking Processing and Reference Preference [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Songze LI, Auteur ; Jinsheng HU, Auteur ; Ruosong CHANG, Auteur ; Qi LI, Auteur ; Peng WAN, Auteur ; Shuqing LIU, Auteur . - p.897-910. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.897-910 Mots-clés : autism  chunking  encoding  eye movements  frame of reference  spatial working memory  weak central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience spatial working memory deficits and show different encoding mechanisms from typical developing (TD) peers. To effectively describe the encoding strategies of those with ASD and highlight their characteristics in cognitive processing, we adopted improved change detection tasks and added eye-movement indicators to investigate the chunking function and reference preference of children with and without ASD. The current study included 20 participants with ASD aged 8-16 and 20 TD children matched for age, gender, and intelligence. Experiment 1 used high/low-structured change detection tasks, and eye-movement indexes were recorded as they memorized the locations of the items to investigate spatial chunking strategies. In Experiment 2, changes in eye movement patterns were observed by adding a frame of reference. The results suggested different encoding strategies in ASD and TD individuals. The ASD group showed local processing bias and had difficulty adopting chunking strategies in spatial working memory. Eye-movement analysis suggested that they rarely showed integrated information processing tendency observed in TD children. Moreover, as a compensatory processing, they were more likely to use the frame of reference. In this study, we compared the spatial chunking strategies and reference preference of children with and without ASD, and eye-movement analysis was used to investigate the processing mechanism. These findings are significant for research on cognitive characteristics of ASD and provide a new focus for working memory training in children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The current study suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder are poorer at organizing items into chunks in spatial working memory, but rely more on reference frames. If the purpose of location memory is to strengthen the adaptability of children with autism, it should provide them with more clues or references. If it is for the purpose of intervention such as cognitive training, it should guide them to integrate information to improve the basic cognitive processing efficiency. Autism Res 2021, 14: 897-910. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2398 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Impaired Social Processing in Autism and its Reflections in Memory: A Deeper View of Encoding and Retrieval Processes / Rachel S. BREZIS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-5 (May 2014) . - p.1183-1192 Titre : Impaired Social Processing in Autism and its Reflections in Memory: A Deeper View of Encoding and Retrieval Processes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel S. BREZIS, Auteur ; Tal GALILI, Auteur ; Tiffany WONG, Auteur ; Judith I. PIGGOT, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.1183-1192 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social memory  Autism  Encoding  Retrieval  Levels of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies of memory in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have consistently shown that persons with ASC have reduced memories for social information, relative to a spared memory for non-social facts. The current study aims to reproduce these findings, while examining the possible causes leading to this difference. Participants’ memory for trait-words was tested after they had viewed the words in three study contexts: visuo-motor, letter-detection, and social judgment. While participants with ASC showed a levels-of-processing effect, such that their memory for words viewed in the social judgment context was greater than their memory for words viewed in the letter-detection context, their memory for socially-processed words was reduced relative to comparison participants. This interaction effect could not be explained by a speed/accuracy trade-off, nor could it be explained solely by differences in encoding. These results suggest that social memory deficits in ASC arise from difficulties both in orienting towards and encoding social content, as well as retaining and retrieving it. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1980-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Impaired Social Processing in Autism and its Reflections in Memory: A Deeper View of Encoding and Retrieval Processes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel S. BREZIS, Auteur ; Tal GALILI, Auteur ; Tiffany WONG, Auteur ; Judith I. PIGGOT, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.1183-1192. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-5 (May 2014) . - p.1183-1192 Mots-clés : Social memory  Autism  Encoding  Retrieval  Levels of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies of memory in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have consistently shown that persons with ASC have reduced memories for social information, relative to a spared memory for non-social facts. The current study aims to reproduce these findings, while examining the possible causes leading to this difference. Participants’ memory for trait-words was tested after they had viewed the words in three study contexts: visuo-motor, letter-detection, and social judgment. While participants with ASC showed a levels-of-processing effect, such that their memory for words viewed in the social judgment context was greater than their memory for words viewed in the letter-detection context, their memory for socially-processed words was reduced relative to comparison participants. This interaction effect could not be explained by a speed/accuracy trade-off, nor could it be explained solely by differences in encoding. These results suggest that social memory deficits in ASC arise from difficulties both in orienting towards and encoding social content, as well as retaining and retrieving it. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1980-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Verbal memory deficits in relation to organization strategy in high- and low-functioning autistic children / Mei-chun CHEUNG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-4 (October-December 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-4 (October-December 2010) . - p.764-771 Titre : Verbal memory deficits in relation to organization strategy in high- and low-functioning autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mei-chun CHEUNG, Auteur ; Agnes S. CHAN, Auteur ; Sophia L. SZE, Auteur ; Winnie Wing-man LEUNG, Auteur ; Cho Yee TO, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.764-771 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Memory  Encoding  Retrieval  Organization  Autism  Children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examined the verbal memory profile and its relation to organizational strategies in high-functioning (Hi-AUT) and low-functioning (Lo-AUT) children with autism. Twenty-two Hi-AUT and 16 Lo-AUT, and 22 age-, gender- and handedness-matched normal children (NC) were required to remember a list of semantically related words for immediate and delayed recall and recognition. All autistic children showed impaired free recall, a reduced discrimination score and an elevated false alarm rate at recognition. While Hi-AUT children showed encoding and retrieval deficit, Lo-AUT children demonstrated more severe encoding problem and an additional retention difficulty. Lo-AUT, but not the Hi-AUT, children showed impaired semantic clustering. The recall performance in autistic children was not as strongly correlated with semantic clustering as in NC. The dual deficits of encoding and retrieval in autistic children, regardless of functioning level, implicate a frontal-lobe problem commonly observed in autism. The additional retention difficulty shown by low-functioning autistic children may be suggestive of pathological temporal-lobe involvement. The present findings may provide insights into future exploration of memory intervention for autistic children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=167 [article] Verbal memory deficits in relation to organization strategy in high- and low-functioning autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mei-chun CHEUNG, Auteur ; Agnes S. CHAN, Auteur ; Sophia L. SZE, Auteur ; Winnie Wing-man LEUNG, Auteur ; Cho Yee TO, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.764-771. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-4 (October-December 2010) . - p.764-771 Mots-clés : Memory  Encoding  Retrieval  Organization  Autism  Children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examined the verbal memory profile and its relation to organizational strategies in high-functioning (Hi-AUT) and low-functioning (Lo-AUT) children with autism. Twenty-two Hi-AUT and 16 Lo-AUT, and 22 age-, gender- and handedness-matched normal children (NC) were required to remember a list of semantically related words for immediate and delayed recall and recognition. All autistic children showed impaired free recall, a reduced discrimination score and an elevated false alarm rate at recognition. While Hi-AUT children showed encoding and retrieval deficit, Lo-AUT children demonstrated more severe encoding problem and an additional retention difficulty. Lo-AUT, but not the Hi-AUT, children showed impaired semantic clustering. The recall performance in autistic children was not as strongly correlated with semantic clustering as in NC. The dual deficits of encoding and retrieval in autistic children, regardless of functioning level, implicate a frontal-lobe problem commonly observed in autism. The additional retention difficulty shown by low-functioning autistic children may be suggestive of pathological temporal-lobe involvement. The present findings may provide insights into future exploration of memory intervention for autistic children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=167