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Impaired Social Processing in Autism and its Reflections in Memory: A Deeper View of Encoding and Retrieval Processes / Rachel S. BREZIS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-5 (May 2014)
[article]
Titre : Impaired Social Processing in Autism and its Reflections in Memory: A Deeper View of Encoding and Retrieval Processes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel S. BREZIS, Auteur ; Tal GALILI, Auteur ; Tiffany WONG, Auteur ; Judith I. PIGGOT, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.1183-1192 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social memory Autism Encoding Retrieval Levels of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies of memory in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have consistently shown that persons with ASC have reduced memories for social information, relative to a spared memory for non-social facts. The current study aims to reproduce these findings, while examining the possible causes leading to this difference. Participants’ memory for trait-words was tested after they had viewed the words in three study contexts: visuo-motor, letter-detection, and social judgment. While participants with ASC showed a levels-of-processing effect, such that their memory for words viewed in the social judgment context was greater than their memory for words viewed in the letter-detection context, their memory for socially-processed words was reduced relative to comparison participants. This interaction effect could not be explained by a speed/accuracy trade-off, nor could it be explained solely by differences in encoding. These results suggest that social memory deficits in ASC arise from difficulties both in orienting towards and encoding social content, as well as retaining and retrieving it. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1980-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-5 (May 2014) . - p.1183-1192[article] Impaired Social Processing in Autism and its Reflections in Memory: A Deeper View of Encoding and Retrieval Processes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel S. BREZIS, Auteur ; Tal GALILI, Auteur ; Tiffany WONG, Auteur ; Judith I. PIGGOT, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.1183-1192.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-5 (May 2014) . - p.1183-1192
Mots-clés : Social memory Autism Encoding Retrieval Levels of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies of memory in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have consistently shown that persons with ASC have reduced memories for social information, relative to a spared memory for non-social facts. The current study aims to reproduce these findings, while examining the possible causes leading to this difference. Participants’ memory for trait-words was tested after they had viewed the words in three study contexts: visuo-motor, letter-detection, and social judgment. While participants with ASC showed a levels-of-processing effect, such that their memory for words viewed in the social judgment context was greater than their memory for words viewed in the letter-detection context, their memory for socially-processed words was reduced relative to comparison participants. This interaction effect could not be explained by a speed/accuracy trade-off, nor could it be explained solely by differences in encoding. These results suggest that social memory deficits in ASC arise from difficulties both in orienting towards and encoding social content, as well as retaining and retrieving it. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1980-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 Absence of preference for social novelty and increased grooming in integrin β3 knockout mice: Initial studies and future directions / Michelle D. CARTER in Autism Research, 4-1 (February 2011)
[article]
Titre : Absence of preference for social novelty and increased grooming in integrin β3 knockout mice: Initial studies and future directions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle D. CARTER, Auteur ; Charisma R. SHAH, Auteur ; Christopher L. MULLER, Auteur ; Jacqueline N. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; Ana M.D. CARNEIRO, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.57-67 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism genetic integrin cell adhesion serotonin social memory grooming obsessive–compulsive disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Elevated whole blood serotonin 5-HT, or hyperserotonemia, is a common biomarker in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The integrin β3 receptor subunit gene (ITGB3) is a quantitative trait locus for whole blood 5-HT levels. Recent work shows that integrin β3 interacts with the serotonin transporter (SERT) in both platelets and in the midbrain. Furthermore, multiple studies have now reported gene–gene interaction between the integrin β3 and SERT genes in association with ASD. Given the lack of previous data on the impact of integrin β3 on brain or behavioral phenotypes, we sought to compare mice with decreased or absent expression of the integrin β3 receptor subunit (Itgb3 + / − and −/ −) with wildtype littermate controls in behavioral tasks relevant to ASD. These mice did not show deficits in activity level in the open field or anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze, two potential confounds in the evaluation of mouse social behavior. In the three-chamber social test, mice lacking integrin β3 were shown to have normal sociability but did not show a preference for social novelty. Importantly, the absence of integrin β3 did not impair olfaction or the ability to recall familiar social odors. Additionally, mice lacking integrin β3 showed increased grooming behavior in novel environments. These preliminary studies reveal altered social and repetitive behavior in these mice, which suggests that the integrin β3 subunit may be involved in brain systems relevant to ASD. Further work is needed to fully characterize these behavioral changes and the underlying brain mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.180 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118
in Autism Research > 4-1 (February 2011) . - p.57-67[article] Absence of preference for social novelty and increased grooming in integrin β3 knockout mice: Initial studies and future directions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle D. CARTER, Auteur ; Charisma R. SHAH, Auteur ; Christopher L. MULLER, Auteur ; Jacqueline N. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; Ana M.D. CARNEIRO, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.57-67.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 4-1 (February 2011) . - p.57-67
Mots-clés : autism genetic integrin cell adhesion serotonin social memory grooming obsessive–compulsive disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Elevated whole blood serotonin 5-HT, or hyperserotonemia, is a common biomarker in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The integrin β3 receptor subunit gene (ITGB3) is a quantitative trait locus for whole blood 5-HT levels. Recent work shows that integrin β3 interacts with the serotonin transporter (SERT) in both platelets and in the midbrain. Furthermore, multiple studies have now reported gene–gene interaction between the integrin β3 and SERT genes in association with ASD. Given the lack of previous data on the impact of integrin β3 on brain or behavioral phenotypes, we sought to compare mice with decreased or absent expression of the integrin β3 receptor subunit (Itgb3 + / − and −/ −) with wildtype littermate controls in behavioral tasks relevant to ASD. These mice did not show deficits in activity level in the open field or anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze, two potential confounds in the evaluation of mouse social behavior. In the three-chamber social test, mice lacking integrin β3 were shown to have normal sociability but did not show a preference for social novelty. Importantly, the absence of integrin β3 did not impair olfaction or the ability to recall familiar social odors. Additionally, mice lacking integrin β3 showed increased grooming behavior in novel environments. These preliminary studies reveal altered social and repetitive behavior in these mice, which suggests that the integrin β3 subunit may be involved in brain systems relevant to ASD. Further work is needed to fully characterize these behavioral changes and the underlying brain mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.180 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism / Ilaria MINIO-PALUELLO in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ilaria MINIO-PALUELLO, Auteur ; Giuseppina PORCIELLO, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 81 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Emotion recognition Endophenotype Face memory Heterogeneity Individual identity recognition Prosopagnosia Social memory Theory of mind Neuroelectrics, Neosync, NovaVision, Magstim, and Cognito and is listed as an inventor on several issued and pending patents on the real-time integration of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging. The other authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Face individual identity recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual identity recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face identity recognition) occurs in 2-3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. METHODS: The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms' severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. RESULTS: More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom's severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face identity recognition was instead linked to mental state recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants' basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. LIMITATIONS: We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired face individual identity recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00371-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 81 p.[article] Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ilaria MINIO-PALUELLO, Auteur ; Giuseppina PORCIELLO, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 81 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 81 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Emotion recognition Endophenotype Face memory Heterogeneity Individual identity recognition Prosopagnosia Social memory Theory of mind Neuroelectrics, Neosync, NovaVision, Magstim, and Cognito and is listed as an inventor on several issued and pending patents on the real-time integration of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging. The other authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Face individual identity recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual identity recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face identity recognition) occurs in 2-3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. METHODS: The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms' severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. RESULTS: More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom's severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face identity recognition was instead linked to mental state recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants' basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. LIMITATIONS: We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired face individual identity recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00371-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433