62 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Memory'

Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression / Sylwia MACINSKA in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.870-880 Titre : Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sylwia MACINSKA, Auteur ; Tjeerd JELLEMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.870-880 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Happiness  Humans  autistic-like traits  facial expressions  gaze direction  high-functioning autism  memory  social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face memory research in autism has largely neglected memory for facial expressions, in favor of memory for identity. This study in three experiments examined the role of gaze direction and type of expression on memory for facial expressions in relation to the autism spectrum. In the learning phase, four combinations of facial expressions (joy/anger) and gaze direction (toward/away), displayed by 16 different identities, were presented. In a subsequent surprise test the same identities were presented displaying neutral expressions, and the expression of each identity had to be recalled. In Experiment 1, typically-developed (TD) individuals with low and high Autism Quotient (AQ) scores were tested with three repetitions of each emotion/gaze combination, which did not produce any modulations. In Experiment 2, another group of TD individuals with low and high AQ scores were tested with eight repetitions, resulting in a "happy advantage" and a "direct gaze advantage", but no interactions. In Experiment 3, individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and a matched TD group were tested using eight repetitions. The HFA group revealed no emotion or gaze effects, while the matched TD group showed both a happy and a direct gaze advantage, and again no interaction. The results suggest that in autistic individuals the memory for facial expressions is intact, but is not modulated by the person's expression type and gaze direction. We discuss whether anomalous implicit learning of facial cues could have contributed to these findings, its relevance for social intuition, and its possible contribution to social deficits in autism. LAY SUMMARY: It has often been found that memory for someone's face (facial identity) is less good in autism. However, it is not yet known whether memory for someone's facial expression is also less good in autism. In this study, the memory for expressions of joy and anger was investigated in typically-developed (TD) individuals who possessed either few or many autistic-like traits (Experiments 1 and 2), and in individuals with high-functioning autism (Experiment 3). The gaze direction was also varied (directed either toward, or away from, the observer). We found that TD individuals best remembered expressions of joy, and remembered expressions of both joy and anger better when the gaze was directed at them. These effects did not depend on the extent to which they possessed autistic-like traits. Autistic participants remembered the facial expression of a previously encountered person as good as TD participants did. However, in contrast to the TD participants, the memory of autistic participants was not influenced by the expression type and gaze direction of the previously encountered persons. We discuss whether this may lead to difficulties in the development of social intuition, which in turn could give rise to difficulties in social interaction that are characteristic for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sylwia MACINSKA, Auteur ; Tjeerd JELLEMA, Auteur . - p.870-880. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.870-880 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Happiness  Humans  autistic-like traits  facial expressions  gaze direction  high-functioning autism  memory  social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face memory research in autism has largely neglected memory for facial expressions, in favor of memory for identity. This study in three experiments examined the role of gaze direction and type of expression on memory for facial expressions in relation to the autism spectrum. In the learning phase, four combinations of facial expressions (joy/anger) and gaze direction (toward/away), displayed by 16 different identities, were presented. In a subsequent surprise test the same identities were presented displaying neutral expressions, and the expression of each identity had to be recalled. In Experiment 1, typically-developed (TD) individuals with low and high Autism Quotient (AQ) scores were tested with three repetitions of each emotion/gaze combination, which did not produce any modulations. In Experiment 2, another group of TD individuals with low and high AQ scores were tested with eight repetitions, resulting in a "happy advantage" and a "direct gaze advantage", but no interactions. In Experiment 3, individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and a matched TD group were tested using eight repetitions. The HFA group revealed no emotion or gaze effects, while the matched TD group showed both a happy and a direct gaze advantage, and again no interaction. The results suggest that in autistic individuals the memory for facial expressions is intact, but is not modulated by the person's expression type and gaze direction. We discuss whether anomalous implicit learning of facial cues could have contributed to these findings, its relevance for social intuition, and its possible contribution to social deficits in autism. LAY SUMMARY: It has often been found that memory for someone's face (facial identity) is less good in autism. However, it is not yet known whether memory for someone's facial expression is also less good in autism. In this study, the memory for expressions of joy and anger was investigated in typically-developed (TD) individuals who possessed either few or many autistic-like traits (Experiments 1 and 2), and in individuals with high-functioning autism (Experiment 3). The gaze direction was also varied (directed either toward, or away from, the observer). We found that TD individuals best remembered expressions of joy, and remembered expressions of both joy and anger better when the gaze was directed at them. These effects did not depend on the extent to which they possessed autistic-like traits. Autistic participants remembered the facial expression of a previously encountered person as good as TD participants did. However, in contrast to the TD participants, the memory of autistic participants was not influenced by the expression type and gaze direction of the previously encountered persons. We discuss whether this may lead to difficulties in the development of social intuition, which in turn could give rise to difficulties in social interaction that are characteristic for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Memory in ASD: have we been barking up the wrong tree? / Jill BOUCHER in Autism, 16-6 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 16-6 (November 2012) . - p.603-611 Titre : Memory in ASD: have we been barking up the wrong tree? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jill BOUCHER, Auteur ; Andrew MAYES, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.603-611 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  memory  hippocampus  prefrontal cortex  parietal cortex  default network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this theoretical note, possible neural causes of episodic memory impairment in individuals with ASD and currently normal intellectual and linguistic function are considered. The neural causes most commonly argued for are hippocampal or prefrontal cortex dysfunction, associated with impaired neural connectivity. It is argued here that a hippocampal dysfunction hypothesis is weakened by differences in cued recall and paired associate learning in individuals with ASD compared with individuals with developmental or acquired hippocampus-related amnesia, and that recent findings on patients with posterior parietal lesions (PPC) offer a better fit with the dissociation between free and cued recall observed in ASD. The PPC forms part of the default system subserving mindreading, among other functions, and an association between PPC dysfunction and memory impairment in ASD is consistent with recent suggestions that neural disconnectivity within the default system underlies behaviours diagnostic of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311417738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=184 [article] Memory in ASD: have we been barking up the wrong tree? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jill BOUCHER, Auteur ; Andrew MAYES, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.603-611. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 16-6 (November 2012) . - p.603-611 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  memory  hippocampus  prefrontal cortex  parietal cortex  default network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this theoretical note, possible neural causes of episodic memory impairment in individuals with ASD and currently normal intellectual and linguistic function are considered. The neural causes most commonly argued for are hippocampal or prefrontal cortex dysfunction, associated with impaired neural connectivity. It is argued here that a hippocampal dysfunction hypothesis is weakened by differences in cued recall and paired associate learning in individuals with ASD compared with individuals with developmental or acquired hippocampus-related amnesia, and that recent findings on patients with posterior parietal lesions (PPC) offer a better fit with the dissociation between free and cued recall observed in ASD. The PPC forms part of the default system subserving mindreading, among other functions, and an association between PPC dysfunction and memory impairment in ASD is consistent with recent suggestions that neural disconnectivity within the default system underlies behaviours diagnostic of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311417738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=184

Linking the Puzzle Pieces of the Past: A Study of Relational Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Rasmine L. H. MOGENSEN in Autism Research, 13-11 (November 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1959-1969 Titre : Linking the Puzzle Pieces of the Past: A Study of Relational Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rasmine L. H. MOGENSEN, Auteur ; Maja B. HEDEGAARD, Auteur ; Ludvig R. OLSEN, Auteur ; Line GEBAUER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1959-1969 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  executive functions  memory  memory binding  perceptual style  relational memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our memories are made of detailed sensory information representing the puzzle pieces of our personal past. The type of memory integrating sensory features is referred to as relational memory. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether relational memory is affected in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) since altered relational memory may contribute to atypical episodic memory observed in ASD. We also examined the association between perceptual style and relational memory abilities. Children with ASD (n = 14) and typically developed (TD) children (n = 16, 9-15?years old) completed a memory task with three conditions: two single-feature conditions measuring memory for objects and locations, and one relational memory condition measuring memory for objects and their locations combined. The Children's embedded figures test was administered to measure perceptual style. The ASD group selected more incorrect stimuli (false alarms) than the TD group, resulting in a lower proportion of correctly recognized targets across all memory conditions. The ASD group did not display a more local perceptual style than the TD group. However, perceptual style was associated with improved memory abilities across conditions. Our findings indicate that the overall memory performance of children with ASD is less stable, leading them to more incorrect responses than TD children. This may be due to the executive demands of the memory tasks, rather than specific impairments in memory binding. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1959-1969. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC LAY SUMMARY: The present study shows that children with autism have a less stable memory than typically developed children, which is reflected in a higher amount of incorrect memory responses. Overall, our results indicate that children with autism display difficulties in differentiating previously studied from novel information when solving both single-feature memory tasks and a relational memory task (requiring memory of combination of features). These difficulties may have implications for how children with autism remember episodes from their personal past. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2379 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Linking the Puzzle Pieces of the Past: A Study of Relational Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rasmine L. H. MOGENSEN, Auteur ; Maja B. HEDEGAARD, Auteur ; Ludvig R. OLSEN, Auteur ; Line GEBAUER, Auteur . - p.1959-1969. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1959-1969 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  executive functions  memory  memory binding  perceptual style  relational memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our memories are made of detailed sensory information representing the puzzle pieces of our personal past. The type of memory integrating sensory features is referred to as relational memory. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether relational memory is affected in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) since altered relational memory may contribute to atypical episodic memory observed in ASD. We also examined the association between perceptual style and relational memory abilities. Children with ASD (n = 14) and typically developed (TD) children (n = 16, 9-15?years old) completed a memory task with three conditions: two single-feature conditions measuring memory for objects and locations, and one relational memory condition measuring memory for objects and their locations combined. The Children's embedded figures test was administered to measure perceptual style. The ASD group selected more incorrect stimuli (false alarms) than the TD group, resulting in a lower proportion of correctly recognized targets across all memory conditions. The ASD group did not display a more local perceptual style than the TD group. However, perceptual style was associated with improved memory abilities across conditions. Our findings indicate that the overall memory performance of children with ASD is less stable, leading them to more incorrect responses than TD children. This may be due to the executive demands of the memory tasks, rather than specific impairments in memory binding. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1959-1969. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC LAY SUMMARY: The present study shows that children with autism have a less stable memory than typically developed children, which is reflected in a higher amount of incorrect memory responses. Overall, our results indicate that children with autism display difficulties in differentiating previously studied from novel information when solving both single-feature memory tasks and a relational memory task (requiring memory of combination of features). These difficulties may have implications for how children with autism remember episodes from their personal past. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2379 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Long-term memory in older children/adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder / Nancy J. MINSHEW ; Gerald GOLDSTEIN ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY in Autism Research, 10-9 (September 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-9 (September 2017) . - p.1523-1532 Titre : Long-term memory in older children/adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Gerald GOLDSTEIN, Auteur ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1523-1532 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  memory  long-term memory  episodic memory  narrative  memory development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study extends prior memory reports in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by investigating memory for narratives after longer recall periods and by examining developmental aspects of narrative memory using a cross-sectional design. Forty-seven older children/adolescents with ASD and 31 youth with typical development (TD) and 39 adults with ASD and 45 TD adults were compared on memory for stories from standardized measures appropriate for each age group at three intervals (immediate, 30 min, and 2 day). Both the youth with and without ASD had difficulty with memory for story details with increasing time intervals. More of the youths with ASD performed in the range of impairment when recalling the stories 2 days later as compared to the TD group. The adults with ASD had more difficulty on memory for story details with increasing delay and were poorer at recall of thematic information (needed to create a gist) across the three delay conditions as compared to the TD group. Analyses of the individual results suggested that memory for details of most of the adults with ASD was not impaired when applying a clinical standard; however, a significant percentage of the adults with ASD did not make use of thematic information to organize the narrative information, which would have helped them to remember the stories. The youth with and without ASD performed similarly when both were at a stage of development when memory for details is the primary strategy. The adults with ASD had difficulty with use organizational strategies to support episodic memory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1801 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=320 [article] Long-term memory in older children/adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Gerald GOLDSTEIN, Auteur ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur . - p.1523-1532. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-9 (September 2017) . - p.1523-1532 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  memory  long-term memory  episodic memory  narrative  memory development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study extends prior memory reports in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by investigating memory for narratives after longer recall periods and by examining developmental aspects of narrative memory using a cross-sectional design. Forty-seven older children/adolescents with ASD and 31 youth with typical development (TD) and 39 adults with ASD and 45 TD adults were compared on memory for stories from standardized measures appropriate for each age group at three intervals (immediate, 30 min, and 2 day). Both the youth with and without ASD had difficulty with memory for story details with increasing time intervals. More of the youths with ASD performed in the range of impairment when recalling the stories 2 days later as compared to the TD group. The adults with ASD had more difficulty on memory for story details with increasing delay and were poorer at recall of thematic information (needed to create a gist) across the three delay conditions as compared to the TD group. Analyses of the individual results suggested that memory for details of most of the adults with ASD was not impaired when applying a clinical standard; however, a significant percentage of the adults with ASD did not make use of thematic information to organize the narrative information, which would have helped them to remember the stories. The youth with and without ASD performed similarly when both were at a stage of development when memory for details is the primary strategy. The adults with ASD had difficulty with use organizational strategies to support episodic memory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1801 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=320

Age-Dependent Effects of Loss of Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2, an Autism-Associated Gene, on the Acquisition and Recall of Fear Memory / A. BERNS ; M. JONES ; A. TOWNSEND ; A. K. EAGEN ; Sarah L. FERRI ; D. R. LANGBEHN ; H. JANOUSCHEK in Autism Research, 18-5 (May 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-5 (May 2025) . - p.1011-1023 Titre : Age-Dependent Effects of Loss of Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2, an Autism-Associated Gene, on the Acquisition and Recall of Fear Memory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. BERNS, Auteur ; M. JONES, Auteur ; A. TOWNSEND, Auteur ; A. K. EAGEN, Auteur ; Sarah L. FERRI, Auteur ; D. R. LANGBEHN, Auteur ; H. JANOUSCHEK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1011-1023 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  CASPR2  Cntnap2  development  fear  fear conditioning  memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) gene is relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is associated with age-specific structural alterations in limbic brain regions. The Cntnap2 gene encodes for the contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) protein, and CASPR2 protein levels are high in the amygdala, a limbic region that is essential for the processing of fear and anxiety. In humans, reduced levels of this protein arising from CNTNAP2 mutations could potentially account for the autism-associated increase in fear and anxiety. Here, we report the extent to which loss of CASPR2 in mice contributes to the development of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments revealed that loss of CASPR2 has age-dependent effects on the acquisition of fear memory, recall of both cue-evoked and context-related fear memory, and stability of cue-evoked fear memory. Additionally, data from the elevated zero maze suggest that CASPR2 deficiency contributes to anxiety-related behaviors, especially in juvenile (29-day old) mice. These are the first reports of age-dependent effects of CASPR2 deficiency on fear and anxiety-related behaviors, and they set the stage for a better understanding of developmental alterations of fear and anxiety in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=558 [article] Age-Dependent Effects of Loss of Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2, an Autism-Associated Gene, on the Acquisition and Recall of Fear Memory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. BERNS, Auteur ; M. JONES, Auteur ; A. TOWNSEND, Auteur ; A. K. EAGEN, Auteur ; Sarah L. FERRI, Auteur ; D. R. LANGBEHN, Auteur ; H. JANOUSCHEK, Auteur . - p.1011-1023. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-5 (May 2025) . - p.1011-1023 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  CASPR2  Cntnap2  development  fear  fear conditioning  memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT The contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) gene is relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is associated with age-specific structural alterations in limbic brain regions. The Cntnap2 gene encodes for the contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) protein, and CASPR2 protein levels are high in the amygdala, a limbic region that is essential for the processing of fear and anxiety. In humans, reduced levels of this protein arising from CNTNAP2 mutations could potentially account for the autism-associated increase in fear and anxiety. Here, we report the extent to which loss of CASPR2 in mice contributes to the development of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments revealed that loss of CASPR2 has age-dependent effects on the acquisition of fear memory, recall of both cue-evoked and context-related fear memory, and stability of cue-evoked fear memory. Additionally, data from the elevated zero maze suggest that CASPR2 deficiency contributes to anxiety-related behaviors, especially in juvenile (29-day old) mice. These are the first reports of age-dependent effects of CASPR2 deficiency on fear and anxiety-related behaviors, and they set the stage for a better understanding of developmental alterations of fear and anxiety in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=558

Annual Research Review: The neurobehavioral development of multiple memory systems – implications for childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders / Jarid GOODMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

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Arousal-modulated memory encoding and retrieval in adults with autism spectrum disorder / Nico BAST in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)  

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Atypical Neurophysiology Underlying Episodic and Semantic Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Esha MASSAND in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-2 (February 2015)  

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Binding of Multiple Features in Memory by High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Dermot M. BOWLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-9 (September 2014)  

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Brief Report: Memory Performance on the California Verbal Learning Test - Children’s Version in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Heather L. PHELAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-4 (April 2011)  

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