3 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Gut'

Mitochondria, Microbiome and Their Potential Psychiatric Modulation / Christopher SNYDER in Autism - Open Access, 5-2 ([01/03/2015])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism - Open Access > 5-2 [01/03/2015] . - 4 p. Titre : Mitochondria, Microbiome and Their Potential Psychiatric Modulation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher SNYDER, Auteur ; Richard M. KREAM, Auteur ; Radek PTACEK, Auteur ; George B. STEFAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 4 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gut  Microbiome  Mitochondria  Metabolic Syndrome  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pervasive developmental disorders, or autism spectrum disorders, are multifaceted and have a high rate of occurrence. Additionally, the origin of Autism appears to be multidimensional and largely unknown. Thus, it would appear novel approaches and concepts are needed in this area of scientific endeavor. In this regard, microbial cells harbored within the human gut and elsewhere are being studied to understand their multi-functional properties and their ability to affect physiological activities in their “host” organism. The communities of approximately 10 trillion microbial cells that live within the gut are involved in functions such as metabolism, nutrition and immune regulation. We and others surmise this microbiota can contribute to disruption of normal activities, causing harmful pathologies such as gastrointestinal complications, obesity, and diabetes and autism. They have the ability to trigger inappropriate immune activation, especially macrophages, which can travel from the gut and penetrate the blood brain barrier and communicate inappropriately with neural cells, altering behavior. Normally these immune cells can enter the brain and become microglia. However, being abnormally stimulated, many more can enter the brain, awakening the sentinel microglia and establishing a pro inflammatory state, inducing hypoxia (altering mitochondrial performance). Thus, the microbiome has the potential to extend its influence into the brain, suggesting this may also take place within the parameters of normal activity. In part, the behavioral outcome of such an inappropriate invasion would depend on the region(s) penetrated, manifesting itself with a multidimensional behavioral profile such as occurs in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000144 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 [article] Mitochondria, Microbiome and Their Potential Psychiatric Modulation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher SNYDER, Auteur ; Richard M. KREAM, Auteur ; Radek PTACEK, Auteur ; George B. STEFAN, Auteur . - 4 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism - Open Access > 5-2 [01/03/2015] . - 4 p. Mots-clés : Gut  Microbiome  Mitochondria  Metabolic Syndrome  Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pervasive developmental disorders, or autism spectrum disorders, are multifaceted and have a high rate of occurrence. Additionally, the origin of Autism appears to be multidimensional and largely unknown. Thus, it would appear novel approaches and concepts are needed in this area of scientific endeavor. In this regard, microbial cells harbored within the human gut and elsewhere are being studied to understand their multi-functional properties and their ability to affect physiological activities in their “host” organism. The communities of approximately 10 trillion microbial cells that live within the gut are involved in functions such as metabolism, nutrition and immune regulation. We and others surmise this microbiota can contribute to disruption of normal activities, causing harmful pathologies such as gastrointestinal complications, obesity, and diabetes and autism. They have the ability to trigger inappropriate immune activation, especially macrophages, which can travel from the gut and penetrate the blood brain barrier and communicate inappropriately with neural cells, altering behavior. Normally these immune cells can enter the brain and become microglia. However, being abnormally stimulated, many more can enter the brain, awakening the sentinel microglia and establishing a pro inflammatory state, inducing hypoxia (altering mitochondrial performance). Thus, the microbiome has the potential to extend its influence into the brain, suggesting this may also take place within the parameters of normal activity. In part, the behavioral outcome of such an inappropriate invasion would depend on the region(s) penetrated, manifesting itself with a multidimensional behavioral profile such as occurs in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000144 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409

Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children / Stefano GABRIELE in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.752-759 Titre : Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stefano GABRIELE, Auteur ; Roberto SACCO, Auteur ; Laura ALTIERI, Auteur ; Cristina NERI, Auteur ; Andrea URBANI, Auteur ; Carmela BRAVACCIO, Auteur ; Maria Pia RICCIO, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria IOVENE, Auteur ; Francesca BOMBACE, Auteur ; Laura DE MAGISTRIS, Auteur ; Antonio M. PERSICO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.752-759 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  biomarker  constipation  gut  intestinal transit  organic contaminants  neurotoxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. Elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of Italian and French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in ASD. Urinary p-cresol levels were thus measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a sample of 53 Italian ASD children assessed for (a) presence of Clostridium spp. strains in the gut by means of an in vitro fecal stool test and of Clostridium difficile-derived toxin A/B in the feces, (b) intestinal permeability using the lactulose/mannitol (LA/MA) test, (c) frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections during the first 2 years of postnatal life, and (d) stool habits with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Chronic constipation was the only variable significantly associated with total urinary p-cresol concentration (P < 0.05). No association was found with presence of Clostridium spp. in the gut flora (P?=?0.92), augmented intestinal permeability (P?=?0.18), or frequent use of antibiotics in early infancy (P?=?0.47). No ASD child was found to carry C. difficile in the gut or to release toxin A/B in the feces. In conclusion, urinary p-cresol levels are elevated in young ASD children with increased intestinal transit time and chronic constipation. Autism Res 2016, 9: 752–759. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stefano GABRIELE, Auteur ; Roberto SACCO, Auteur ; Laura ALTIERI, Auteur ; Cristina NERI, Auteur ; Andrea URBANI, Auteur ; Carmela BRAVACCIO, Auteur ; Maria Pia RICCIO, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria IOVENE, Auteur ; Francesca BOMBACE, Auteur ; Laura DE MAGISTRIS, Auteur ; Antonio M. PERSICO, Auteur . - p.752-759. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.752-759 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  biomarker  constipation  gut  intestinal transit  organic contaminants  neurotoxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. Elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of Italian and French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in ASD. Urinary p-cresol levels were thus measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a sample of 53 Italian ASD children assessed for (a) presence of Clostridium spp. strains in the gut by means of an in vitro fecal stool test and of Clostridium difficile-derived toxin A/B in the feces, (b) intestinal permeability using the lactulose/mannitol (LA/MA) test, (c) frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections during the first 2 years of postnatal life, and (d) stool habits with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Chronic constipation was the only variable significantly associated with total urinary p-cresol concentration (P < 0.05). No association was found with presence of Clostridium spp. in the gut flora (P?=?0.92), augmented intestinal permeability (P?=?0.18), or frequent use of antibiotics in early infancy (P?=?0.47). No ASD child was found to carry C. difficile in the gut or to release toxin A/B in the feces. In conclusion, urinary p-cresol levels are elevated in young ASD children with increased intestinal transit time and chronic constipation. Autism Res 2016, 9: 752–759. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Association of Rigid-Compulsive Behavior with Functional Constipation in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Sarah MARLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-6 (June 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-6 (June 2017) . - p.1673-1681 Titre : Association of Rigid-Compulsive Behavior with Functional Constipation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Bradley J. FERGUSON, Auteur ; Evon BATEY LEE, Auteur ; Brittany PETERS, Auteur ; Kent C. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Erin MCDONNELL, Auteur ; Eric A. MACKLIN, Auteur ; Pat LEVITT, Auteur ; Kara GROSS MARGOLIS, Auteur ; David Q. BEVERSDORF, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1673-1681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental  Gut  Enteric Medical comorbidity  Obsessive compulsive disorder  Serotonin  Microbiome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Based upon checklist data from the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network, we hypothesized that functional constipation (FC) would be associated with rigid-compulsive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms—Rome III to assess FC symptoms in 108 children with ASD. As hypothesized, FC was associated with parent ratings on the Repetitive Behavior Scales—Revised (RBS-R) Compulsive, Ritualistic, and Sameness subscales in the overall population. Of note, FC was less common in children who were not taking medications that target behavior or treat FC. In the medication-free children, rigid-compulsive behavior was not significantly associated with FC. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3084-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308 [article] Association of Rigid-Compulsive Behavior with Functional Constipation in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah MARLER, Auteur ; Bradley J. FERGUSON, Auteur ; Evon BATEY LEE, Auteur ; Brittany PETERS, Auteur ; Kent C. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Erin MCDONNELL, Auteur ; Eric A. MACKLIN, Auteur ; Pat LEVITT, Auteur ; Kara GROSS MARGOLIS, Auteur ; David Q. BEVERSDORF, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur . - p.1673-1681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-6 (June 2017) . - p.1673-1681 Mots-clés : Developmental  Gut  Enteric Medical comorbidity  Obsessive compulsive disorder  Serotonin  Microbiome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Based upon checklist data from the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network, we hypothesized that functional constipation (FC) would be associated with rigid-compulsive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms—Rome III to assess FC symptoms in 108 children with ASD. As hypothesized, FC was associated with parent ratings on the Repetitive Behavior Scales—Revised (RBS-R) Compulsive, Ritualistic, and Sameness subscales in the overall population. Of note, FC was less common in children who were not taking medications that target behavior or treat FC. In the medication-free children, rigid-compulsive behavior was not significantly associated with FC. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3084-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=308