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Sex differentiation of brain structures in autism: Findings from a gray matter asymmetry study / Z. DENG in Autism Research, 14-6 (June 2021)
[article]
Titre : Sex differentiation of brain structures in autism: Findings from a gray matter asymmetry study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Z. DENG, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1115-1126 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Female Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Sex Differentiation Mri autism brain gray matter gray matter asymmetry sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed much more often in males than females. This male predominance has prompted a number of studies to examine how sex differences are related to the neural expression of ASD. Different theories, such as the "extreme male brain" theory, the "female protective effect" (FPE) theory, and the gender incoherence (GI) theory, provide different explanations for the mixed findings of sex-related neural expression of ASD. This study sought to clarify whether either theory applies to the brain structure in individuals with ASD by analyzing a selective high-quality data subset from an open data resource (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I and II) including 35 males/35 females with ASD and 86 male/86 female typical-controls (TCs). We examined the sex-related changes in ASD in gray matter asymmetry measures (i.e., asymmetry index, AI) derived from voxel-based morphometry using a 2 (diagnosis: ASD vs. TC)?× ?2 (sex: female vs. male) factorial design. A diagnosis-by-sex interaction effect was identified in the planum temporale/Heschl's gyrus: (i) compared to females, males exhibited decreased AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) in the TC group, whereas AI was greater (indicating less leftward brain asymmetry) for males than for females in the ASD group; and (ii) females with ASD showed reduced AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) compared to female TCs, whereas there were no differences between ASDs and TCs in the male group. This interaction pattern supports the FPE theory in showing greater brain structure changes (masculinization) in females with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: To understand the neural mechanisms underlying male predominance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we investigated the sex differences in ASD-related alterations in brain asymmetry. We found greater changes in females with ASD compared with males with ASD, revealing a female protective effect. These findings provide novel insights into the neurobiology of sex differences in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2506 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-6 (June 2021) . - p.1115-1126[article] Sex differentiation of brain structures in autism: Findings from a gray matter asymmetry study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Z. DENG, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur . - p.1115-1126.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-6 (June 2021) . - p.1115-1126
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Female Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Sex Differentiation Mri autism brain gray matter gray matter asymmetry sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed much more often in males than females. This male predominance has prompted a number of studies to examine how sex differences are related to the neural expression of ASD. Different theories, such as the "extreme male brain" theory, the "female protective effect" (FPE) theory, and the gender incoherence (GI) theory, provide different explanations for the mixed findings of sex-related neural expression of ASD. This study sought to clarify whether either theory applies to the brain structure in individuals with ASD by analyzing a selective high-quality data subset from an open data resource (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I and II) including 35 males/35 females with ASD and 86 male/86 female typical-controls (TCs). We examined the sex-related changes in ASD in gray matter asymmetry measures (i.e., asymmetry index, AI) derived from voxel-based morphometry using a 2 (diagnosis: ASD vs. TC)?× ?2 (sex: female vs. male) factorial design. A diagnosis-by-sex interaction effect was identified in the planum temporale/Heschl's gyrus: (i) compared to females, males exhibited decreased AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) in the TC group, whereas AI was greater (indicating less leftward brain asymmetry) for males than for females in the ASD group; and (ii) females with ASD showed reduced AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) compared to female TCs, whereas there were no differences between ASDs and TCs in the male group. This interaction pattern supports the FPE theory in showing greater brain structure changes (masculinization) in females with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: To understand the neural mechanisms underlying male predominance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we investigated the sex differences in ASD-related alterations in brain asymmetry. We found greater changes in females with ASD compared with males with ASD, revealing a female protective effect. These findings provide novel insights into the neurobiology of sex differences in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2506 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Network-specific sex differentiation of intrinsic brain function in males with autism / D. L. FLORIS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Network-specific sex differentiation of intrinsic brain function in males with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. L. FLORIS, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; T. NATH, Auteur ; M. P. MILHAM, Auteur ; A. DI MARTINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 17p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Extreme Male Brain Gender Incoherence Resting-state fMRI Sex differentiation Sex mosaicism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The male predominance in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has motivated research on sex differentiation in ASD. Multiple sources of evidence have suggested a neurophenotypic convergence of ASD-related characteristics and typical sex differences. Two existing, albeit competing, models provide predictions on such neurophenotypic convergence. These two models are testable with neuroimaging. Specifically, the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) model predicts that ASD is associated with enhanced brain maleness in both males and females with ASD (i.e., a shift-towards-maleness). In contrast, the Gender Incoherence (GI) model predicts a shift-towards-maleness in females, yet a shift-towards-femaleness in males with ASD. Methods: To clarify whether either model applies to the intrinsic functional properties of the brain in males with ASD, we measured the statistical overlap between typical sex differences and ASD-related atypicalities in resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) datasets largely available in males. Main analyses focused on two large-scale R-fMRI samples: 357 neurotypical (NT) males and 471 NT females from the 1000 Functional Connectome Project and 360 males with ASD and 403 NT males from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Results: Across all R-fMRI metrics, results revealed coexisting, but network-specific, shift-towards-maleness and shift-towards-femaleness in males with ASD. A shift-towards-maleness mostly involved the default network, while a shift-towards-femaleness mostly occurred in the somatomotor network. Explorations of the associated cognitive processes using available cognitive ontology maps indicated that higher-order social cognitive functions corresponded to the shift-towards-maleness, while lower-order sensory motor processes corresponded to the shift-towards-femaleness. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that atypical intrinsic brain properties in males with ASD partly reflect mechanisms involved in sexual differentiation. A model based on network-dependent atypical sex mosaicism can synthesize prior competing theories on factors involved in sex differentiation in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0192-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 17p.[article] Network-specific sex differentiation of intrinsic brain function in males with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. L. FLORIS, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; T. NATH, Auteur ; M. P. MILHAM, Auteur ; A. DI MARTINO, Auteur . - 17p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 17p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Extreme Male Brain Gender Incoherence Resting-state fMRI Sex differentiation Sex mosaicism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The male predominance in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has motivated research on sex differentiation in ASD. Multiple sources of evidence have suggested a neurophenotypic convergence of ASD-related characteristics and typical sex differences. Two existing, albeit competing, models provide predictions on such neurophenotypic convergence. These two models are testable with neuroimaging. Specifically, the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) model predicts that ASD is associated with enhanced brain maleness in both males and females with ASD (i.e., a shift-towards-maleness). In contrast, the Gender Incoherence (GI) model predicts a shift-towards-maleness in females, yet a shift-towards-femaleness in males with ASD. Methods: To clarify whether either model applies to the intrinsic functional properties of the brain in males with ASD, we measured the statistical overlap between typical sex differences and ASD-related atypicalities in resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) datasets largely available in males. Main analyses focused on two large-scale R-fMRI samples: 357 neurotypical (NT) males and 471 NT females from the 1000 Functional Connectome Project and 360 males with ASD and 403 NT males from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Results: Across all R-fMRI metrics, results revealed coexisting, but network-specific, shift-towards-maleness and shift-towards-femaleness in males with ASD. A shift-towards-maleness mostly involved the default network, while a shift-towards-femaleness mostly occurred in the somatomotor network. Explorations of the associated cognitive processes using available cognitive ontology maps indicated that higher-order social cognitive functions corresponded to the shift-towards-maleness, while lower-order sensory motor processes corresponded to the shift-towards-femaleness. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that atypical intrinsic brain properties in males with ASD partly reflect mechanisms involved in sexual differentiation. A model based on network-dependent atypical sex mosaicism can synthesize prior competing theories on factors involved in sex differentiation in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0192-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=354