2 recherche sur le mot-clé 'neural'

Adolescent girls’ neural response to reward mediates the relation between childhood financial disadvantage and depression / Sarah E. ROMENS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-11 (November 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-11 (November 2015) . - p.1177-1184 Titre : Adolescent girls’ neural response to reward mediates the relation between childhood financial disadvantage and depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah E. ROMENS, Auteur ; Melynda D. CASEMENT, Auteur ; Rose MCALOON, Auteur ; Kate KEENAN, Auteur ; Alison E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; Amanda E. GUYER, Auteur ; Erika E. FORBES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1177-1184 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Socioeconomic status  reward  depression  neural  medial prefrontal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children who experience socioeconomic disadvantage are at heightened risk for developing depression; however, little is known about neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association. Low socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood may confer risk for depression through its stress-related effects on the neural circuitry associated with processing monetary rewards. Methods In a prospective study, we examined the relationships among the number of years of household receipt of public assistance from age 5–16 years, neural activation during monetary reward anticipation and receipt at age 16, and depression symptoms at age 16 in 123 girls. Results Number of years of household receipt of public assistance was positively associated with heightened response in the medial prefrontal cortex during reward anticipation, and this heightened neural response mediated the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and current depression symptoms, controlling for past depression. Conclusions Chronic exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood may alter neural circuitry involved in reward anticipation in adolescence, which in turn may confer risk for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12410 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Adolescent girls’ neural response to reward mediates the relation between childhood financial disadvantage and depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah E. ROMENS, Auteur ; Melynda D. CASEMENT, Auteur ; Rose MCALOON, Auteur ; Kate KEENAN, Auteur ; Alison E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; Amanda E. GUYER, Auteur ; Erika E. FORBES, Auteur . - p.1177-1184. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-11 (November 2015) . - p.1177-1184 Mots-clés : Socioeconomic status  reward  depression  neural  medial prefrontal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children who experience socioeconomic disadvantage are at heightened risk for developing depression; however, little is known about neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association. Low socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood may confer risk for depression through its stress-related effects on the neural circuitry associated with processing monetary rewards. Methods In a prospective study, we examined the relationships among the number of years of household receipt of public assistance from age 5–16 years, neural activation during monetary reward anticipation and receipt at age 16, and depression symptoms at age 16 in 123 girls. Results Number of years of household receipt of public assistance was positively associated with heightened response in the medial prefrontal cortex during reward anticipation, and this heightened neural response mediated the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and current depression symptoms, controlling for past depression. Conclusions Chronic exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood may alter neural circuitry involved in reward anticipation in adolescence, which in turn may confer risk for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12410 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

Far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism: Do we need to focus on crowding? / Luc KEITA in Autism Research, 3-6 (December 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 3-6 (December 2010) . - p.333-341 Titre : Far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism: Do we need to focus on crowding? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Luc KEITA, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur ; Armando BERTONE, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.333-341 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  vision  acuity  crowding  neural  lateral interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although autism presents a unique perceptual phenotype defined in part by atypical (often enhanced) analysis of spatial information, few biologically plausible hypotheses have been advanced to explain its neural underpinnings. One plausible explanation is functional but altered lateral connectivity mediating early or local mechanisms selectively responsive to different stimulus attributes, including spatial frequency and contrast. The goal of the present study was first to assess far visual acuity in autism using Landolt-C optotypes defined by different local stimulus attributes. Second, we investigated whether acuity is differentially affected in autism when target optotypes are simultaneously presented with flanking stimuli at different distances. This typical detrimental “crowding effect” of flanking stimuli on target optotype discrimination is attributed to lateral inhibitory interaction of neurons encoding for visual properties of distracters close to the target. Results failed to demonstrate a between-group difference in acuity to Landolt-C optotypes, whether defined by luminance- or texture-contrast. However, the expected crowding effect at one gap-size opening distance was evidenced for the control group only; a small effect was observed for the autism group at two gap-size opening. These results suggest that although far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism, altered local lateral connectivity within early perceptual areas underlying spatial information processing in autism is atypical. Altered local lateral connectivity in autism might originate from an imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural signaling, resulting in changes regarding elementary feature extraction and subsequent downstream visual integration and visuo-spatial analysis. This notion is discussed within the context of characteristic lower- and higher-level perceptual processing in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.164 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=115 [article] Far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism: Do we need to focus on crowding? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Luc KEITA, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur ; Armando BERTONE, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.333-341. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 3-6 (December 2010) . - p.333-341 Mots-clés : autism  vision  acuity  crowding  neural  lateral interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although autism presents a unique perceptual phenotype defined in part by atypical (often enhanced) analysis of spatial information, few biologically plausible hypotheses have been advanced to explain its neural underpinnings. One plausible explanation is functional but altered lateral connectivity mediating early or local mechanisms selectively responsive to different stimulus attributes, including spatial frequency and contrast. The goal of the present study was first to assess far visual acuity in autism using Landolt-C optotypes defined by different local stimulus attributes. Second, we investigated whether acuity is differentially affected in autism when target optotypes are simultaneously presented with flanking stimuli at different distances. This typical detrimental “crowding effect” of flanking stimuli on target optotype discrimination is attributed to lateral inhibitory interaction of neurons encoding for visual properties of distracters close to the target. Results failed to demonstrate a between-group difference in acuity to Landolt-C optotypes, whether defined by luminance- or texture-contrast. However, the expected crowding effect at one gap-size opening distance was evidenced for the control group only; a small effect was observed for the autism group at two gap-size opening. These results suggest that although far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism, altered local lateral connectivity within early perceptual areas underlying spatial information processing in autism is atypical. Altered local lateral connectivity in autism might originate from an imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural signaling, resulting in changes regarding elementary feature extraction and subsequent downstream visual integration and visuo-spatial analysis. This notion is discussed within the context of characteristic lower- and higher-level perceptual processing in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.164 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=115