Dépouillements

Editorial: Looking beyond the horizon – innovation in child psychology and psychiatry / Richard M. PASCO FEARON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.213-215 Titre : Editorial: Looking beyond the horizon – innovation in child psychology and psychiatry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.213-215 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As readers will no doubt be well aware, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry dedicates an entire issue, once a year, to state-of-the-art authoritative reviews of research on some of the central issues in our field.1 I like to think that in doing so we have been quietly undertaking a giant Pavlovian conditioning experiment: every year, as the spring flowers start to blossom (in the northern hemisphere at least), the nucleus accumbens of child psychologists and psychiatrists around the world begin to glow in anticipation of intellectual reward. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Editorial: Looking beyond the horizon – innovation in child psychology and psychiatry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur . - p.213-215. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.213-215 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As readers will no doubt be well aware, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry dedicates an entire issue, once a year, to state-of-the-art authoritative reviews of research on some of the central issues in our field.1 I like to think that in doing so we have been quietly undertaking a giant Pavlovian conditioning experiment: every year, as the spring flowers start to blossom (in the northern hemisphere at least), the nucleus accumbens of child psychologists and psychiatrists around the world begin to glow in anticipation of intellectual reward. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Building a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health / Mei Yi NG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.216-236 Titre : Annual Research Review: Building a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mei Yi NG, Auteur ; John R. WEISZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.216-236 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children  adolescents  psychotherapy  personalized intervention  tailoring treatments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Within the past decade, health care service and research priorities have shifted from evidence-based medicine to personalized medicine. In mental health care, a similar shift to personalized intervention may boost the effectiveness and clinical utility of empirically supported therapies (ESTs). The emerging science of personalized intervention will need to encompass evidence-based methods for determining which problems to target and in which order, selecting treatments and deciding whether and how to combine them, and informing ongoing clinical decision-making through monitoring of treatment response throughout episodes of care. We review efforts to develop these methods, drawing primarily from psychotherapy research with youths. Then we propose strategies for building a science of personalized intervention in youth mental health. Findings The growing evidence base for personalizing interventions includes research on therapies adapted for specific subgroups; treatments targeting youths’ environments; modular therapies; sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trials; measurement feedback systems; meta-analyses comparing treatments for specific patient characteristics; data-mining decision trees; and individualized metrics. Conclusion The science of personalized intervention presents questions that can be addressed in several ways. First, to evaluate and organize personalized interventions, we propose modifying the system used to evaluate and organize ESTs. Second, to help personalizing research keep pace with practice needs, we propose exploiting existing randomized trial data to inform personalizing approaches, prioritizing the personalizing approaches likely to have the greatest impact, conducting more idiographic research, and studying tailoring strategies in usual care. Third, to encourage clinicians’ use of personalized intervention research to inform their practice, we propose expanding outlets for research summaries and case studies, developing heuristic frameworks that incorporate personalizing approaches into practice, and integrating personalizing approaches into service delivery systems. Finally, to build a richer understanding of how and why treatments work for particular individuals, we propose accelerating research to identify mediators within and across RCTs, to isolate mechanisms of change, and to inform the shift from diagnoses to psychopathological processes. This ambitious agenda for personalized intervention science, although challenging, could markedly alter the nature of mental health care and the benefit provided to youths and families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12470 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Building a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mei Yi NG, Auteur ; John R. WEISZ, Auteur . - p.216-236. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.216-236 Mots-clés : Children  adolescents  psychotherapy  personalized intervention  tailoring treatments Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Within the past decade, health care service and research priorities have shifted from evidence-based medicine to personalized medicine. In mental health care, a similar shift to personalized intervention may boost the effectiveness and clinical utility of empirically supported therapies (ESTs). The emerging science of personalized intervention will need to encompass evidence-based methods for determining which problems to target and in which order, selecting treatments and deciding whether and how to combine them, and informing ongoing clinical decision-making through monitoring of treatment response throughout episodes of care. We review efforts to develop these methods, drawing primarily from psychotherapy research with youths. Then we propose strategies for building a science of personalized intervention in youth mental health. Findings The growing evidence base for personalizing interventions includes research on therapies adapted for specific subgroups; treatments targeting youths’ environments; modular therapies; sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trials; measurement feedback systems; meta-analyses comparing treatments for specific patient characteristics; data-mining decision trees; and individualized metrics. Conclusion The science of personalized intervention presents questions that can be addressed in several ways. First, to evaluate and organize personalized interventions, we propose modifying the system used to evaluate and organize ESTs. Second, to help personalizing research keep pace with practice needs, we propose exploiting existing randomized trial data to inform personalizing approaches, prioritizing the personalizing approaches likely to have the greatest impact, conducting more idiographic research, and studying tailoring strategies in usual care. Third, to encourage clinicians’ use of personalized intervention research to inform their practice, we propose expanding outlets for research summaries and case studies, developing heuristic frameworks that incorporate personalizing approaches into practice, and integrating personalizing approaches into service delivery systems. Finally, to build a richer understanding of how and why treatments work for particular individuals, we propose accelerating research to identify mediators within and across RCTs, to isolate mechanisms of change, and to inform the shift from diagnoses to psychopathological processes. This ambitious agenda for personalized intervention science, although challenging, could markedly alter the nature of mental health care and the benefit provided to youths and families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12470 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Finding out the best way to tailor psychological interventions for children and families – a commentary on Ng and Weisz (2016) / Stephen SCOTT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.237-240 Titre : Commentary: Finding out the best way to tailor psychological interventions for children and families – a commentary on Ng and Weisz (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.237-240 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The article by Ng and Weisz () on how to build a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health is ambitious and wide-ranging, being packed with penetrating analyses and imaginative proposals that set the agenda for psychotherapeutic research for years to come. It is driven by the desire to make therapy more effective, and underpinned by the notion that if therapy can be fitted more closely to individual characteristics, results will be better. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12543 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Finding out the best way to tailor psychological interventions for children and families – a commentary on Ng and Weisz (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.237-240. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.237-240 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The article by Ng and Weisz () on how to build a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health is ambitious and wide-ranging, being packed with penetrating analyses and imaginative proposals that set the agenda for psychotherapeutic research for years to come. It is driven by the desire to make therapy more effective, and underpinned by the notion that if therapy can be fitted more closely to individual characteristics, results will be better. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12543 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect / Martin H. TEICHER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.241-266 Titre : Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martin H. TEICHER, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. SAMSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.241-266 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child abuse  neglect  neuroimaging  resilience  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood onset psychiatric disorders. A key breakthrough has been the discovery that maltreatment alters trajectories of brain development. Methods This review aims to synthesize neuroimaging findings in children who experienced caregiver neglect as well as from studies in children, adolescents and adults who experienced physical, sexual and emotional abuse. In doing so, we provide preliminary answers to questions regarding the importance of type and timing of exposure, gender differences, reversibility and the relationship between brain changes and psychopathology. We also discuss whether these changes represent adaptive modifications or stress-induced damage. Results Parental verbal abuse, witnessing domestic violence and sexual abuse appear to specifically target brain regions (auditory, visual and somatosensory cortex) and pathways that process and convey the aversive experience. Maltreatment is associated with reliable morphological alterations in anterior cingulate, dorsal lateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, corpus callosum and adult hippocampus, and with enhanced amygdala response to emotional faces and diminished striatal response to anticipated rewards. Evidence is emerging that these regions and interconnecting pathways have sensitive exposure periods when they are most vulnerable. Conclusions Early deprivation and later abuse may have opposite effects on amygdala volume. Structural and functional abnormalities initially attributed to psychiatric illness may be a more direct consequence of abuse. Childhood maltreatment exerts a prepotent influence on brain development and has been an unrecognized confound in almost all psychiatric neuroimaging studies. These brain changes may be best understood as adaptive responses to facilitate survival and reproduction in the face of adversity. Their relationship to psychopathology is complex as they are discernible in both susceptible and resilient individuals with maltreatment histories. Mechanisms fostering resilience will need to be a primary focus of future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12507 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martin H. TEICHER, Auteur ; Jacqueline A. SAMSON, Auteur . - p.241-266. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.241-266 Mots-clés : Child abuse  neglect  neuroimaging  resilience  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood onset psychiatric disorders. A key breakthrough has been the discovery that maltreatment alters trajectories of brain development. Methods This review aims to synthesize neuroimaging findings in children who experienced caregiver neglect as well as from studies in children, adolescents and adults who experienced physical, sexual and emotional abuse. In doing so, we provide preliminary answers to questions regarding the importance of type and timing of exposure, gender differences, reversibility and the relationship between brain changes and psychopathology. We also discuss whether these changes represent adaptive modifications or stress-induced damage. Results Parental verbal abuse, witnessing domestic violence and sexual abuse appear to specifically target brain regions (auditory, visual and somatosensory cortex) and pathways that process and convey the aversive experience. Maltreatment is associated with reliable morphological alterations in anterior cingulate, dorsal lateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, corpus callosum and adult hippocampus, and with enhanced amygdala response to emotional faces and diminished striatal response to anticipated rewards. Evidence is emerging that these regions and interconnecting pathways have sensitive exposure periods when they are most vulnerable. Conclusions Early deprivation and later abuse may have opposite effects on amygdala volume. Structural and functional abnormalities initially attributed to psychiatric illness may be a more direct consequence of abuse. Childhood maltreatment exerts a prepotent influence on brain development and has been an unrecognized confound in almost all psychiatric neuroimaging studies. These brain changes may be best understood as adaptive responses to facilitate survival and reproduction in the face of adversity. Their relationship to psychopathology is complex as they are discernible in both susceptible and resilient individuals with maltreatment histories. Mechanisms fostering resilience will need to be a primary focus of future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12507 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: The devastating effects of ignoring child maltreatment in psychiatry – a commentary on Teicher and Samson 2016 / Bessel VAN DER KOLK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.267-270 Titre : Commentary: The devastating effects of ignoring child maltreatment in psychiatry – a commentary on Teicher and Samson 2016 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bessel VAN DER KOLK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.267-270 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neglect  child abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the numerous studies over the past 30 years that have clarified the devastating effects of child maltreatment on mental and physical health, the role of trauma within the caregiving system remains unrecognized both in our diagnostic systems and in our dominant treatment paradigms. Research of people with histories of caregiver abuse and neglect consistently demonstrates problems with concentration, anger, panic, depression, food intake, drugs, and sleep, as well as decreased Heart RateVariability, higher levels of stress hormones, and reduced or impaired immune response. Their relationship between documented brain changes and psychopathology is complex. Traumatic life experiences during childhood and adolescence are far more common than expected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that child maltreatment may be the most costly public health issue in the United States, Eradicating child abuse in America would reduce the overall rate of depression by more than half, alcoholism by two-thirds, and suicide, serious drug abuse, and domestic violence by three quarters. It would also have a significantly positive effect on workplace performance, and vastly decrease the need for incarceration. The current practice of applying multiple distinct comorbid diagnoses to traumatized children prevents a comprehensive treatment approach. Approaching their problems from a framework of memories of discreet traumatic ignores the fact that the damage affects the brain's neural circuitry and goes well beyond dealing with discrete painful events. Our great challenge is to learn to utilize the brain's neuroplasticity to reorganize defective brain circuits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: The devastating effects of ignoring child maltreatment in psychiatry – a commentary on Teicher and Samson 2016 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bessel VAN DER KOLK, Auteur . - p.267-270. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.267-270 Mots-clés : Neglect  child abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the numerous studies over the past 30 years that have clarified the devastating effects of child maltreatment on mental and physical health, the role of trauma within the caregiving system remains unrecognized both in our diagnostic systems and in our dominant treatment paradigms. Research of people with histories of caregiver abuse and neglect consistently demonstrates problems with concentration, anger, panic, depression, food intake, drugs, and sleep, as well as decreased Heart RateVariability, higher levels of stress hormones, and reduced or impaired immune response. Their relationship between documented brain changes and psychopathology is complex. Traumatic life experiences during childhood and adolescence are far more common than expected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that child maltreatment may be the most costly public health issue in the United States, Eradicating child abuse in America would reduce the overall rate of depression by more than half, alcoholism by two-thirds, and suicide, serious drug abuse, and domestic violence by three quarters. It would also have a significantly positive effect on workplace performance, and vastly decrease the need for incarceration. The current practice of applying multiple distinct comorbid diagnoses to traumatized children prevents a comprehensive treatment approach. Approaching their problems from a framework of memories of discreet traumatic ignores the fact that the damage affects the brain's neural circuitry and goes well beyond dealing with discrete painful events. Our great challenge is to learn to utilize the brain's neuroplasticity to reorganize defective brain circuits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: The role of the environment in the developmental psychopathology of autism spectrum condition / William MANDY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.271-292 Titre : Annual Research Review: The role of the environment in the developmental psychopathology of autism spectrum condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : William MANDY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.271-292 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum condition  autism spectrum disorder  autism  Asperger's syndrome  genetics  environment  developmental psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although autism spectrum condition (ASC) is strongly genetic in origin, accumulating evidence points to the critical roles of various environmental influences on its emergence and subsequent developmental course. Methods A developmental psychopathology framework was used to synthesise literature on environmental factors associated with the onset and course of ASC (based on a systematic search of the literature using PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar databases). Particular emphasis was placed on gene–environment interplay, including gene–environment interaction (G × E) and gene–environment correlation (rGE). Results Before conception, advanced paternal and maternal ages may independently enhance offspring risk for ASC. Exogenous prenatal risks are evident (e.g. valproate and toxic chemicals) or possible (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and processes endogenous to the materno-foeto-placental unit (e.g. maternal diabetes, enhanced steroidogenic activities and maternal immune activation) likely heighten offspring vulnerability to ASC. Folate intake is a prenatal protective factor, with a particular window of action around 4 weeks preconception and during the first trimester. These prenatal risks and protective mechanisms appear to involve G × E and potentially rGE. A variety of perinatal risks are related to offspring ASC risk, possibly reflecting rGE. Postnatal social factors (e.g. caregiver–infant interaction, severe early deprivation) during the first years of life may operate through rGE to influence the likelihood of manifesting a full ASC phenotype from a ‘prodromal’ phase (a proposal distinct to the discredited and harmful ‘refrigerator mother hypothesis’); and later postnatal risks, after the full manifestation of ASC, shape life span development through transactions mediated by rGE. There is no evidence that vaccination is a postnatal risk for ASC. Conclusions Future investigations should consider the specificity of risks for ASC versus other atypical neurodevelopmental trajectories, timing of risk and protective mechanisms, animal model systems to study mechanisms underlying gene–environment interplay, large-sample genome–envirome designs to address G × E and longitudinal studies to elucidate how rGE plays out over time. Clinical and public health implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12501 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: The role of the environment in the developmental psychopathology of autism spectrum condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / William MANDY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur . - p.271-292. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.271-292 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum condition  autism spectrum disorder  autism  Asperger's syndrome  genetics  environment  developmental psychopathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although autism spectrum condition (ASC) is strongly genetic in origin, accumulating evidence points to the critical roles of various environmental influences on its emergence and subsequent developmental course. Methods A developmental psychopathology framework was used to synthesise literature on environmental factors associated with the onset and course of ASC (based on a systematic search of the literature using PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar databases). Particular emphasis was placed on gene–environment interplay, including gene–environment interaction (G × E) and gene–environment correlation (rGE). Results Before conception, advanced paternal and maternal ages may independently enhance offspring risk for ASC. Exogenous prenatal risks are evident (e.g. valproate and toxic chemicals) or possible (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and processes endogenous to the materno-foeto-placental unit (e.g. maternal diabetes, enhanced steroidogenic activities and maternal immune activation) likely heighten offspring vulnerability to ASC. Folate intake is a prenatal protective factor, with a particular window of action around 4 weeks preconception and during the first trimester. These prenatal risks and protective mechanisms appear to involve G × E and potentially rGE. A variety of perinatal risks are related to offspring ASC risk, possibly reflecting rGE. Postnatal social factors (e.g. caregiver–infant interaction, severe early deprivation) during the first years of life may operate through rGE to influence the likelihood of manifesting a full ASC phenotype from a ‘prodromal’ phase (a proposal distinct to the discredited and harmful ‘refrigerator mother hypothesis’); and later postnatal risks, after the full manifestation of ASC, shape life span development through transactions mediated by rGE. There is no evidence that vaccination is a postnatal risk for ASC. Conclusions Future investigations should consider the specificity of risks for ASC versus other atypical neurodevelopmental trajectories, timing of risk and protective mechanisms, animal model systems to study mechanisms underlying gene–environment interplay, large-sample genome–envirome designs to address G × E and longitudinal studies to elucidate how rGE plays out over time. Clinical and public health implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12501 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) / Tony CHARMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.293-295 Titre : Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.293-295 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  autism spectrum disorders  genetics  environment  aetiology  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mandy and Lai (2015) do the field a service in ‘reclaiming’ the role of pre- and postnatal environmental influences on the aetiology and course of autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This follows several decades where now discredited theories about putative psychogenic and biological disease models held sway, not least in the public mind. We discuss issues that arise from their review; including the need to identify how large the environmental influences on ASC are likely to be; the specificity of these environmental influences to ASC as opposed to a broader range of neurodevelopmental conditions and outcomes; how best to study complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences; and the promise of novel insights into their mechanisms of action. The review highlights current research that aims to better our understanding of the role of environmental factors in the aetiology and course of ASC and, in the near future, may offer the potential for personalised medicine approaches to intervention based on these discoveries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.293-295. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.293-295 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions  autism spectrum disorders  genetics  environment  aetiology  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mandy and Lai (2015) do the field a service in ‘reclaiming’ the role of pre- and postnatal environmental influences on the aetiology and course of autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This follows several decades where now discredited theories about putative psychogenic and biological disease models held sway, not least in the public mind. We discuss issues that arise from their review; including the need to identify how large the environmental influences on ASC are likely to be; the specificity of these environmental influences to ASC as opposed to a broader range of neurodevelopmental conditions and outcomes; how best to study complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences; and the promise of novel insights into their mechanisms of action. The review highlights current research that aims to better our understanding of the role of environmental factors in the aetiology and course of ASC and, in the near future, may offer the potential for personalised medicine approaches to intervention based on these discoveries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders – a review of the latest science / Alice M. GREGORY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.296-317 Titre : Annual Research Review: Sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders – a review of the latest science Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alice M. GREGORY, Auteur ; Avi SADEH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.296-317 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sleep  psychopathology  child  adolescent  review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Hippocrates flagged the value of sleep for good health. Nonetheless, historically, researchers with an interest in developmental psychopathology have largely ignored a possible role for atypical sleep. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in this area, perhaps reflecting increased evidence that disturbed or insufficient sleep can result in poor functioning in numerous domains. This review outlines what is known about sleep in the psychiatric diagnoses most relevant to children and for which associations with sleep are beginning to be understood. While based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, the focus of the current review is on the latest science (largely from 2010). There is a description of both concurrent and longitudinal links as well as possible mechanisms underlying associations. Preliminary treatment research is also considered which suggests that treating sleep difficulties may result in improvements in behavioural areas beyond sleep quality. Findings To maximise progress in this field, there now needs to be: (a) greater attention to the assessment of sleep in children; (b) sleep research on a wider range of psychiatric disorders; (c) a greater focus on and examination of mechanisms underlying associations; (d) a clearer consideration ofdevelopmental questions and (e) large-scale well-designed treatment studies. Conclusions While sleep problems may sometimes be missed by parents and healthcare providers; hence constituting a hidden risk for other psychopathologies – knowing about these difficulties creates unique opportunities. The current excitement in this field from experts in diverse areas including developmental psychology, clinical psychology, genetics and neuropsychology should make these opportunities a reality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12469 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders – a review of the latest science [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alice M. GREGORY, Auteur ; Avi SADEH, Auteur . - p.296-317. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.296-317 Mots-clés : Sleep  psychopathology  child  adolescent  review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Hippocrates flagged the value of sleep for good health. Nonetheless, historically, researchers with an interest in developmental psychopathology have largely ignored a possible role for atypical sleep. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in this area, perhaps reflecting increased evidence that disturbed or insufficient sleep can result in poor functioning in numerous domains. This review outlines what is known about sleep in the psychiatric diagnoses most relevant to children and for which associations with sleep are beginning to be understood. While based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, the focus of the current review is on the latest science (largely from 2010). There is a description of both concurrent and longitudinal links as well as possible mechanisms underlying associations. Preliminary treatment research is also considered which suggests that treating sleep difficulties may result in improvements in behavioural areas beyond sleep quality. Findings To maximise progress in this field, there now needs to be: (a) greater attention to the assessment of sleep in children; (b) sleep research on a wider range of psychiatric disorders; (c) a greater focus on and examination of mechanisms underlying associations; (d) a clearer consideration ofdevelopmental questions and (e) large-scale well-designed treatment studies. Conclusions While sleep problems may sometimes be missed by parents and healthcare providers; hence constituting a hidden risk for other psychopathologies – knowing about these difficulties creates unique opportunities. The current excitement in this field from experts in diverse areas including developmental psychology, clinical psychology, genetics and neuropsychology should make these opportunities a reality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12469 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Thinking outside the box about children's sleep – a commentary on Gregory and Sadeh (2016) / Gregory STORES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.318-320 Titre : Commentary: Thinking outside the box about children's sleep – a commentary on Gregory and Sadeh (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gregory STORES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.318-320 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sleep  children  clinical practice  assessment  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This commentary is intended to supplement the accompanying review of sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders by Gregory and Sadeh. A number of considerations are outlined because of their relevance to both clinical practice and research concerning assessment and treatment of sleep disturbance in children in general and especially those with psychiatric and/or neurological conditions. These considerations (which illustrate the importance of combined medical and psychological involvement) are as follows: the importance of screening for sleep disturbance which otherwise may well be overlooked; the need to specify sleep disorders rather than simply nonspecific sleep problems as this will guide choice of appropriate advice and treatment; the risk of sleep disorders being misdiagnosed because of clinicians' unfamiliarity with the sleep disorders field; the possibility that a child's sleep disturbance is of multiple aetiology; a wide range of treatments for disturbed sleep is now described from which a choice is possible given an accurate diagnosis; sleep problems may be intensified if a child's condition is complicated by intellectual disability but the same principles of assessment and management apply as in other children in the expectation that treatment can be effective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12542 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Thinking outside the box about children's sleep – a commentary on Gregory and Sadeh (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gregory STORES, Auteur . - p.318-320. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.318-320 Mots-clés : Sleep  children  clinical practice  assessment  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This commentary is intended to supplement the accompanying review of sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders by Gregory and Sadeh. A number of considerations are outlined because of their relevance to both clinical practice and research concerning assessment and treatment of sleep disturbance in children in general and especially those with psychiatric and/or neurological conditions. These considerations (which illustrate the importance of combined medical and psychological involvement) are as follows: the importance of screening for sleep disturbance which otherwise may well be overlooked; the need to specify sleep disorders rather than simply nonspecific sleep problems as this will guide choice of appropriate advice and treatment; the risk of sleep disorders being misdiagnosed because of clinicians' unfamiliarity with the sleep disorders field; the possibility that a child's sleep disturbance is of multiple aetiology; a wide range of treatments for disturbed sleep is now described from which a choice is possible given an accurate diagnosis; sleep problems may be intensified if a child's condition is complicated by intellectual disability but the same principles of assessment and management apply as in other children in the expectation that treatment can be effective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12542 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.321-349 Titre : Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.321-349 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Transdiagnostic  decision making  reinforcement learning  delayed reinforcement  executive functions  working memory  inhibition  prefrontal cortex  ventral striatum  amygdala: CD  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Ineffective decision making is a major source of everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life for young people with mental disorders. However, very little is known about what distinguishes decision making by individuals with different disorders or the neuropsychological processes or brain systems underlying these. This is the focus of the current review. Scope and methodology We first propose a neuroeconomic model of the decision-making process with separate stages for the prechoice evaluation of expected utility of future options; choice execution and postchoice management; the appraisal of outcome against expectation; and the updating of value estimates to guide future decisions. According to the proposed model, decision making is mediated by neuropsychological processes operating within three domains: (a) self-referential processes involved in autobiographical reflection on past, and prospection about future, experiences; (b) executive functions, such as working memory, inhibition, and planning, that regulate the implementation of decisions; and (c) processes involved in value estimation and outcome appraisal and learning. These processes are underpinned by the interplay of multiple brain networks, especially medial and lateralized cortical components of the default mode network, dorsal corticostriatal circuits underpinning higher order cognitive and behavioral control, and ventral frontostriatal circuits, connecting to brain regions implicated in emotion processing, that control valuation and learning processes. Findings and conclusion Based on clinical insights and considering each of the decision-making stages in turn, we outline disorder-specific hypotheses about impaired decision making in four childhood disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), depression, and anxiety. We hypothesize that decision making in ADHD is deficient (i.e. inefficient, insufficiently reflective, and inconsistent) and impulsive (biased toward immediate over delayed alternatives). In CD, it is reckless and insensitive to negative consequences. In depression, it is disengaged, perseverative, and pessimistic, while in anxiety, it is hesitant, risk-averse, and self-deprecating. A survey of current empirical indications related to these disorder-specific hypotheses highlights the limited and fragmentary nature of the evidence base and illustrates the need for a major research initiative in decision making in childhood disorders. The final section highlights a number of important additional general themes that need to be considered in future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12496 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur . - p.321-349. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.321-349 Mots-clés : Transdiagnostic  decision making  reinforcement learning  delayed reinforcement  executive functions  working memory  inhibition  prefrontal cortex  ventral striatum  amygdala: CD  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Ineffective decision making is a major source of everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life for young people with mental disorders. However, very little is known about what distinguishes decision making by individuals with different disorders or the neuropsychological processes or brain systems underlying these. This is the focus of the current review. Scope and methodology We first propose a neuroeconomic model of the decision-making process with separate stages for the prechoice evaluation of expected utility of future options; choice execution and postchoice management; the appraisal of outcome against expectation; and the updating of value estimates to guide future decisions. According to the proposed model, decision making is mediated by neuropsychological processes operating within three domains: (a) self-referential processes involved in autobiographical reflection on past, and prospection about future, experiences; (b) executive functions, such as working memory, inhibition, and planning, that regulate the implementation of decisions; and (c) processes involved in value estimation and outcome appraisal and learning. These processes are underpinned by the interplay of multiple brain networks, especially medial and lateralized cortical components of the default mode network, dorsal corticostriatal circuits underpinning higher order cognitive and behavioral control, and ventral frontostriatal circuits, connecting to brain regions implicated in emotion processing, that control valuation and learning processes. Findings and conclusion Based on clinical insights and considering each of the decision-making stages in turn, we outline disorder-specific hypotheses about impaired decision making in four childhood disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), depression, and anxiety. We hypothesize that decision making in ADHD is deficient (i.e. inefficient, insufficiently reflective, and inconsistent) and impulsive (biased toward immediate over delayed alternatives). In CD, it is reckless and insensitive to negative consequences. In depression, it is disengaged, perseverative, and pessimistic, while in anxiety, it is hesitant, risk-averse, and self-deprecating. A survey of current empirical indications related to these disorder-specific hypotheses highlights the limited and fragmentary nature of the evidence base and illustrates the need for a major research initiative in decision making in childhood disorders. The final section highlights a number of important additional general themes that need to be considered in future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12496 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision-making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression and anxiety. A commentary on Sonuga-Barke et al. (2016) / Luis Augusto ROHDE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.350-352 Titre : Commentary: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision-making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression and anxiety. A commentary on Sonuga-Barke et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Luis Augusto ROHDE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.350-352 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sonuga-Barke, Cortese, Fairchild, and Stringaris offer us new insights not only on the neuropsychological processes and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the decision-making process but also how some of the most relevant child mental disorders might impact this process through a very comprehensive review of the pertinent literature. Although it is difficult to select specific points for discussing in a so dense review, I would like to highlight some aspects for ‘whetting readers appetite’ and seduce them to be in contact with the fascinating neurobiology behind an essential aspect of our lives. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision-making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression and anxiety. A commentary on Sonuga-Barke et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Luis Augusto ROHDE, Auteur . - p.350-352. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.350-352 Mots-clés : ADHD  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sonuga-Barke, Cortese, Fairchild, and Stringaris offer us new insights not only on the neuropsychological processes and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the decision-making process but also how some of the most relevant child mental disorders might impact this process through a very comprehensive review of the pertinent literature. Although it is difficult to select specific points for discussing in a so dense review, I would like to highlight some aspects for ‘whetting readers appetite’ and seduce them to be in contact with the fascinating neurobiology behind an essential aspect of our lives. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – developmental changes and individual differences / Eveline A. CRONE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.353-368 Titre : Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – developmental changes and individual differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eveline A. CRONE, Auteur ; Anna C. K. VAN DUIJVENVOORDE, Auteur ; Jiska S. PEPER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.353-368 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Risk-taking behavior  adolescence  developmental changes  individual differences  externalizing disorders  brain connectivity  ventral striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Risk-taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk-taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk-taking in childhood and adolescence. Findings We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk-taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk-taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12502 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Neural contributions to risk-taking in adolescence – developmental changes and individual differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eveline A. CRONE, Auteur ; Anna C. K. VAN DUIJVENVOORDE, Auteur ; Jiska S. PEPER, Auteur . - p.353-368. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.353-368 Mots-clés : Risk-taking behavior  adolescence  developmental changes  individual differences  externalizing disorders  brain connectivity  ventral striatum Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Risk-taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk-taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk-taking in childhood and adolescence. Findings We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk-taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk-taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12502 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Risk taking, impulsivity, and externalizing problems in adolescent development – commentary on Crone et al. 2016 / Joel T. NIGG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.369-370 Titre : Commentary: Risk taking, impulsivity, and externalizing problems in adolescent development – commentary on Crone et al. 2016 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joel T. NIGG, Auteur ; Bonnie J. NAGEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.369-370 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Risk taking  impulsivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This commentary supports several important themes. These include the value in seeing risk taking as multicomponential (affective vs. deliberative risk taking), the importance of evaluating risk taking in relation to outcome, the necessity of expanding the brain networks studied in relation to risk taking, and the crucial interactions of risk taking with psychosocial context. We argue that more careful distinctions are needed between risk taking and different forms of impulsivity. Clearer differentiation of these constructs and their study together in brain imaging studies will clarify components of adolescent development and risk for externalizing behavior problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12539 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Risk taking, impulsivity, and externalizing problems in adolescent development – commentary on Crone et al. 2016 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joel T. NIGG, Auteur ; Bonnie J. NAGEL, Auteur . - p.369-370. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.369-370 Mots-clés : Risk taking  impulsivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This commentary supports several important themes. These include the value in seeing risk taking as multicomponential (affective vs. deliberative risk taking), the importance of evaluating risk taking in relation to outcome, the necessity of expanding the brain networks studied in relation to risk taking, and the crucial interactions of risk taking with psychosocial context. We argue that more careful distinctions are needed between risk taking and different forms of impulsivity. Clearer differentiation of these constructs and their study together in brain imaging studies will clarify components of adolescent development and risk for externalizing behavior problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12539 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders / Patricia J. CONROD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.371-394 Titre : Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patricia J. CONROD, Auteur ; Kyriaki NIKOLAOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.371-394 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Substance use  substance dependence  brain development  adolescence  reward processing  executive control  cognitive control  behavioural inhibition  fMRI  alcohol  marijuana  cigarette use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adolescence represents a period of development during which critical biological, as well as social and cognitive, changes occur that are necessary for the transition into adulthood. A number of researchers have suggested that the pattern of normative brain changes that occurs during this period not only predisposes adolescents to engage in risk behaviours, such as experimentation with drugs, but that they additionally make the adolescent brain more vulnerable to the direct pharmacological impact of substances of abuse. The neural circuits that we examine in this review involve cortico-basal-ganglia/limbic networks implicated in the processing of rewards, emotion regulation, and the control of behaviour, emotion and cognition. Findings and Conclusions We identify certain neurocognitive and personality/comorbidity-based risk factors for the onset of substance misuse during adolescence, and summarise the evidence suggesting that these risk factors may be further impacted by the direct effect of drugs on the underlying neural circuits implicated in substance misuse vulnerability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12516 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: On the developmental neuropsychology of substance use disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patricia J. CONROD, Auteur ; Kyriaki NIKOLAOU, Auteur . - p.371-394. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.371-394 Mots-clés : Substance use  substance dependence  brain development  adolescence  reward processing  executive control  cognitive control  behavioural inhibition  fMRI  alcohol  marijuana  cigarette use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adolescence represents a period of development during which critical biological, as well as social and cognitive, changes occur that are necessary for the transition into adulthood. A number of researchers have suggested that the pattern of normative brain changes that occurs during this period not only predisposes adolescents to engage in risk behaviours, such as experimentation with drugs, but that they additionally make the adolescent brain more vulnerable to the direct pharmacological impact of substances of abuse. The neural circuits that we examine in this review involve cortico-basal-ganglia/limbic networks implicated in the processing of rewards, emotion regulation, and the control of behaviour, emotion and cognition. Findings and Conclusions We identify certain neurocognitive and personality/comorbidity-based risk factors for the onset of substance misuse during adolescence, and summarise the evidence suggesting that these risk factors may be further impacted by the direct effect of drugs on the underlying neural circuits implicated in substance misuse vulnerability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12516 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Making the brain matter in assessing and treating adolescent substance use – a commentary on Conrod and Nikolaou (2016) / Matthew W. MOSCONI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.395-397 Titre : Commentary: Making the brain matter in assessing and treating adolescent substance use – a commentary on Conrod and Nikolaou (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur ; Carl W. LEJUEZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.395-397 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescence represents a period of vulnerability to psychiatric problems due to a range of factors, including advances in social and cognitive abilities, increased levels of autonomy in decision-making and behavioral governance, and greater exposure to opportunities for risk-taking behavior. Adding to these psychological and social challenges, adolescence also is marked by robust maturational changes affecting both the microcircuitry and connectivity between widely distributed brain systems. These changes alter the communication among parallel, distributed brain networks, have implications for one's vulnerability to engage in risk behavior and make the brain particularly susceptible to external perturbations, such as exposure to neurotoxic substances. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12532 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Making the brain matter in assessing and treating adolescent substance use – a commentary on Conrod and Nikolaou (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur ; Carl W. LEJUEZ, Auteur . - p.395-397. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.395-397 Mots-clés : Substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescence represents a period of vulnerability to psychiatric problems due to a range of factors, including advances in social and cognitive abilities, increased levels of autonomy in decision-making and behavioral governance, and greater exposure to opportunities for risk-taking behavior. Adding to these psychological and social challenges, adolescence also is marked by robust maturational changes affecting both the microcircuitry and connectivity between widely distributed brain systems. These changes alter the communication among parallel, distributed brain networks, have implications for one's vulnerability to engage in risk behavior and make the brain particularly susceptible to external perturbations, such as exposure to neurotoxic substances. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12532 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Threats to the validity of child psychiatry and psychology / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.398-416 Titre : Annual Research Review: Threats to the validity of child psychiatry and psychology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.398-416 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Classification  diagnosis  genetics  epigenetics  bioinformatics  brain imaging  biomarkers  neural networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Suggestions have been made that many claims concern false-positive findings in the field of child psychology and psychiatry. Findings The literature was searched for concepts and findings on the validity of child psychiatry and psychology. Substantial progress has been made in some, but not all, areas and considerable challenges remain in all. Conclusions The two major threats to validity concern the inability to examine brain tissues in life and the evidence that there is a high overlap among disorders. We emphasize the need to follow published guidelines on preplanned analyses and we note the dangers associated with unregulated flexibility in data analysis. We note the very important clinical and developmental findings that have been ignored, perhaps partly because of an excessive focus on technologies. Nevertheless, we are positive about both the accomplishments and the ways in which challenges are being met. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12461 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Threats to the validity of child psychiatry and psychology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur . - p.398-416. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.398-416 Mots-clés : Classification  diagnosis  genetics  epigenetics  bioinformatics  brain imaging  biomarkers  neural networks Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Suggestions have been made that many claims concern false-positive findings in the field of child psychology and psychiatry. Findings The literature was searched for concepts and findings on the validity of child psychiatry and psychology. Substantial progress has been made in some, but not all, areas and considerable challenges remain in all. Conclusions The two major threats to validity concern the inability to examine brain tissues in life and the evidence that there is a high overlap among disorders. We emphasize the need to follow published guidelines on preplanned analyses and we note the dangers associated with unregulated flexibility in data analysis. We note the very important clinical and developmental findings that have been ignored, perhaps partly because of an excessive focus on technologies. Nevertheless, we are positive about both the accomplishments and the ways in which challenges are being met. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12461 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Surveying normal science for children's mental health – expanding reconnaissance to strong inference, trans-syndromal risk and social transactions. A response to Rutter & Pickles (2016) / David REISS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.417-420 Titre : Commentary: Surveying normal science for children's mental health – expanding reconnaissance to strong inference, trans-syndromal risk and social transactions. A response to Rutter & Pickles (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David REISS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.417-420 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eratosthenes came close to a precise estimate of the circumference of the earth around the year 240 BC. His accomplishment depended on a verifiable tenet among his contemporaries: the earth was a sphere. At Syrene, the sun cast no shadow at the summer solstice. On that day, Eratosthenes measured the angle of the sun's shadow in Alexandria over 700 kilometers to north, at 7°12? or 1/50th of the circumference of a perfect sphere. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12541 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Surveying normal science for children's mental health – expanding reconnaissance to strong inference, trans-syndromal risk and social transactions. A response to Rutter & Pickles (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David REISS, Auteur . - p.417-420. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.417-420 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eratosthenes came close to a precise estimate of the circumference of the earth around the year 240 BC. His accomplishment depended on a verifiable tenet among his contemporaries: the earth was a sphere. At Syrene, the sun cast no shadow at the summer solstice. On that day, Eratosthenes measured the angle of the sun's shadow in Alexandria over 700 kilometers to north, at 7°12? or 1/50th of the circumference of a perfect sphere. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12541 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Annual Research Review: Discovery science strategies in studies of the pathophysiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders - promises and limitations / Yihong ZHAO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.421-439 Titre : Annual Research Review: Discovery science strategies in studies of the pathophysiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders - promises and limitations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yihong ZHAO, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.421-439 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neuropsychiatric disorders  psychopathology  genetics  brain image  endophenotype  Big Data  classification  inference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Psychiatric science remains descriptive, with a categorical nosology intended to enhance interobserver reliability. Increased awareness of the mismatch between categorical classifications and the complexity of biological systems drives the search for novel frameworks including discovery science in Big Data. In this review, we provide an overview of incipient approaches, primarily focused on classically categorical diagnoses such as schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but also reference convincing, if focal, advances in cancer biology, to describe the challenges of Big Data and discovery science, and outline approaches being formulated to overcome existing obstacles. Findings A paradigm shift from categorical diagnoses to a domain/structure-based nosology and from linear causal chains to complex causal network models of brain–behavior relationship is ongoing. This (r)evolution involves appreciating the complexity, dimensionality, and heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric data collected from multiple sources (‘broad’ data) along with data obtained at multiple levels of analysis, ranging from genes to molecules, cells, circuits, and behaviors (‘deep’ data). Both of these types of Big Data landscapes require the use and development of robust and powerful informatics and statistical approaches. Thus, we describe Big Data analysis pipelines and the promise and potential limitations in using Big Data approaches to study psychiatric disorders. Conclusions We highlight key resources available for psychopathological studies and call for the application and development of Big Data approaches to dissect the causes and mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders and identify corresponding biomarkers for early diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12503 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Discovery science strategies in studies of the pathophysiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders - promises and limitations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yihong ZHAO, Auteur ; Francisco Xavier CASTELLANOS, Auteur . - p.421-439. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.421-439 Mots-clés : Neuropsychiatric disorders  psychopathology  genetics  brain image  endophenotype  Big Data  classification  inference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Psychiatric science remains descriptive, with a categorical nosology intended to enhance interobserver reliability. Increased awareness of the mismatch between categorical classifications and the complexity of biological systems drives the search for novel frameworks including discovery science in Big Data. In this review, we provide an overview of incipient approaches, primarily focused on classically categorical diagnoses such as schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but also reference convincing, if focal, advances in cancer biology, to describe the challenges of Big Data and discovery science, and outline approaches being formulated to overcome existing obstacles. Findings A paradigm shift from categorical diagnoses to a domain/structure-based nosology and from linear causal chains to complex causal network models of brain–behavior relationship is ongoing. This (r)evolution involves appreciating the complexity, dimensionality, and heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric data collected from multiple sources (‘broad’ data) along with data obtained at multiple levels of analysis, ranging from genes to molecules, cells, circuits, and behaviors (‘deep’ data). Both of these types of Big Data landscapes require the use and development of robust and powerful informatics and statistical approaches. Thus, we describe Big Data analysis pipelines and the promise and potential limitations in using Big Data approaches to study psychiatric disorders. Conclusions We highlight key resources available for psychopathological studies and call for the application and development of Big Data approaches to dissect the causes and mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders and identify corresponding biomarkers for early diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12503 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Commentary: Leveraging discovery science to advance child and adolescent psychiatric research – a commentary on Zhao and Castellanos 2016 / Maarten MENNES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.440-442 Titre : Commentary: Leveraging discovery science to advance child and adolescent psychiatric research – a commentary on Zhao and Castellanos 2016 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maarten MENNES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.440-442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Research design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ‘Big Data’ and ‘Population Imaging’ are becoming integral parts of inspiring research aimed at delineating the biological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. The scientific strategies currently associated with big data and population imaging are typically embedded in so-called discovery science, thereby pointing to the hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing nature of discovery science. In this issue, Yihong Zhao and F. Xavier Castellanos provide a compelling overview of strategies for discovery science aimed at progressing our understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, they focus on efforts in genetic and neuroimaging research, which, together with extended behavioural testing, form the main pillars of psychopathology research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12538 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Commentary: Leveraging discovery science to advance child and adolescent psychiatric research – a commentary on Zhao and Castellanos 2016 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maarten MENNES, Auteur . - p.440-442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.440-442 Mots-clés : Research design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ‘Big Data’ and ‘Population Imaging’ are becoming integral parts of inspiring research aimed at delineating the biological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. The scientific strategies currently associated with big data and population imaging are typically embedded in so-called discovery science, thereby pointing to the hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing nature of discovery science. In this issue, Yihong Zhao and F. Xavier Castellanos provide a compelling overview of strategies for discovery science aimed at progressing our understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, they focus on efforts in genetic and neuroimaging research, which, together with extended behavioural testing, form the main pillars of psychopathology research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12538 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282