Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder / Marion RUTHERFORD in Autism, 20-5 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 20-5 (July 2016) . - p.628-634 Titre : Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; Tess JOHNSON, Auteur ; Ciara CATCHPOLE, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Aja MURRAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.628-634 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  diagnosis  females  gender  males Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This article reports on gender ratio, age of diagnosis and the duration of assessment procedures in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national study which included all types of clinical services for children and adults. Findings are reported from a retrospective case note analysis undertaken with a representative sample of 150 Scottish children and adults recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The study reports key findings that the gender ratio in this consecutively referred cohort is lower than anticipated in some age groups and reduces with increasing age. The gender ratio in children, together with the significant difference in the mean age of referral and diagnosis for girls compared to boys, adds evidence of delayed recognition of autism spectrum disorder in younger girls. There was no significant difference in duration of assessment for males and females suggesting that delays in diagnosis of females occur prior to referral for assessment. Implications for practice and research are considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315617879 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 [article] Gender ratio in a clinical population sample, age of diagnosis and duration of assessment in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; Tess JOHNSON, Auteur ; Ciara CATCHPOLE, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Aja MURRAY, Auteur . - p.628-634. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 20-5 (July 2016) . - p.628-634 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  diagnosis  females  gender  males Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This article reports on gender ratio, age of diagnosis and the duration of assessment procedures in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national study which included all types of clinical services for children and adults. Findings are reported from a retrospective case note analysis undertaken with a representative sample of 150 Scottish children and adults recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The study reports key findings that the gender ratio in this consecutively referred cohort is lower than anticipated in some age groups and reduces with increasing age. The gender ratio in children, together with the significant difference in the mean age of referral and diagnosis for girls compared to boys, adds evidence of delayed recognition of autism spectrum disorder in younger girls. There was no significant difference in duration of assessment for males and females suggesting that delays in diagnosis of females occur prior to referral for assessment. Implications for practice and research are considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315617879 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290

A national study to investigate the clinical use of standardised instruments in autism spectrum disorder assessment of children and adults in Scotland / Marion RUTHERFORD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 29-30 (September–October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 29-30 (September–October 2016) . - p.93-100 Titre : A national study to investigate the clinical use of standardised instruments in autism spectrum disorder assessment of children and adults in Scotland Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Ian FINLAYSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.93-100 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Children  Adults  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground There are few large scale studies about the nature and extent of the actual use of standardised assessments for Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis in clinical practice. This study compares and contrasts practice in diagnostic services for both adults and children. Method We conducted an analysis of retrospective case notes from 150 cases (70 adult, 80 children) assessed for Autism Spectrum Disorder by 16 diagnostic services. Results We found differences between adult and child services in staff training and use of standardised assessment during diagnosis. All child services had staff trained in and regularly using standardised assessments. Most adult services had staff trained in using instruments but only half used them regularly. Administration of standardised ASD assessments was ten times more likely in children than in adults (OR = 10.1; CI = 4.24, 24.0). Child services selected the ADOS as the standardised tool and adult services selected the DISCO, with very little overlap. Decisions to administer standardised tools were not based on case complexity but rather the same process was applied to all referrals within a service. The three recommended components of assessment (clinical history, clinical observation and contextual information) were included for the majority of cases, although clinical observation was more frequently used with children than with adults. Conclusions Based on the findings, we suggest a need for a wider range of appropriate assessments for use with adults, particularly those with an intellectual disability and for further research into the reasons behind the choices clinicians make during the assessment process. For child services in Scotland, there is a need for more training in use of current diagnostic interviews. Clinicians did not vary tools used based on complexity, suggesting that this is a notion still to be clearly defined and operationalised in clinical decision making about the use of standardised assessments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.05.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] A national study to investigate the clinical use of standardised instruments in autism spectrum disorder assessment of children and adults in Scotland [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Karen MCKENZIE, Auteur ; IAIN MCCLURE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Ian FINLAYSON, Auteur . - p.93-100. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 29-30 (September–October 2016) . - p.93-100 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Children  Adults  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractBackground There are few large scale studies about the nature and extent of the actual use of standardised assessments for Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis in clinical practice. This study compares and contrasts practice in diagnostic services for both adults and children. Method We conducted an analysis of retrospective case notes from 150 cases (70 adult, 80 children) assessed for Autism Spectrum Disorder by 16 diagnostic services. Results We found differences between adult and child services in staff training and use of standardised assessment during diagnosis. All child services had staff trained in and regularly using standardised assessments. Most adult services had staff trained in using instruments but only half used them regularly. Administration of standardised ASD assessments was ten times more likely in children than in adults (OR = 10.1; CI = 4.24, 24.0). Child services selected the ADOS as the standardised tool and adult services selected the DISCO, with very little overlap. Decisions to administer standardised tools were not based on case complexity but rather the same process was applied to all referrals within a service. The three recommended components of assessment (clinical history, clinical observation and contextual information) were included for the majority of cases, although clinical observation was more frequently used with children than with adults. Conclusions Based on the findings, we suggest a need for a wider range of appropriate assessments for use with adults, particularly those with an intellectual disability and for further research into the reasons behind the choices clinicians make during the assessment process. For child services in Scotland, there is a need for more training in use of current diagnostic interviews. Clinicians did not vary tools used based on complexity, suggesting that this is a notion still to be clearly defined and operationalised in clinical decision making about the use of standardised assessments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.05.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Parent focused interventions for older children or adults with ASD and parent wellbeing outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis / Marion RUTHERFORD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 68 (December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101450 Titre : Parent focused interventions for older children or adults with ASD and parent wellbeing outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Anusua SINGH-ROY, Auteur ; Robert RUSH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101450 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Wellbeing  Quality of life  Parent stress  Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is a need for better evidence in relation to parent-focussed interventions for older children (over 7 years) and adults, which are recommended in clinical guidelines. Method We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2006 and 2016 investigating wellbeing outcomes of ASD parent focussed interventions via a search of electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane database. Results We screened 9605 titles, 57 full text articles and abstracts were read. Two were systematic reviews and 22 experimental intervention studies were included for review. Of these, five were Randomised Controlled Trials, three Controlled Trials and 14 Cohort studies. Interventions were Parent education and training (n?=?12); Mindfulness or relaxation training (n?=?6), Parent support groups (n?=?2) and Multicomponent interventions (n?=?2). Studies reported five wellbeing outcomes: quality of life, parent stress, self-efficacy, parenting style and satisfaction. Separate meta-analyses compared each outcome, to test and estimate the summary effect shared by studies reporting each intervention. Statistically significant outcomes were obtained for reducing parent stress via mindfulness training and for improving parent style and satisfaction, through parent education. Conclusions Analyses of a small number of studies indicate that parent focussed interventions could be effective in improving parent wellbeing, however further research is needed to determine optimal parent intervention models. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Parent focused interventions for older children or adults with ASD and parent wellbeing outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Anusua SINGH-ROY, Auteur ; Robert RUSH, Auteur ; Deborah MCCARTNEY, Auteur ; Anne O’HARE, Auteur ; Kirsty FORSYTH, Auteur . - p.101450. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101450 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Wellbeing  Quality of life  Parent stress  Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There is a need for better evidence in relation to parent-focussed interventions for older children (over 7 years) and adults, which are recommended in clinical guidelines. Method We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2006 and 2016 investigating wellbeing outcomes of ASD parent focussed interventions via a search of electronic databases including MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane database. Results We screened 9605 titles, 57 full text articles and abstracts were read. Two were systematic reviews and 22 experimental intervention studies were included for review. Of these, five were Randomised Controlled Trials, three Controlled Trials and 14 Cohort studies. Interventions were Parent education and training (n?=?12); Mindfulness or relaxation training (n?=?6), Parent support groups (n?=?2) and Multicomponent interventions (n?=?2). Studies reported five wellbeing outcomes: quality of life, parent stress, self-efficacy, parenting style and satisfaction. Separate meta-analyses compared each outcome, to test and estimate the summary effect shared by studies reporting each intervention. Statistically significant outcomes were obtained for reducing parent stress via mindfulness training and for improving parent style and satisfaction, through parent education. Conclusions Analyses of a small number of studies indicate that parent focussed interventions could be effective in improving parent wellbeing, however further research is needed to determine optimal parent intervention models. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism in Scottish primary schools 2018-2022 / Marion RUTHERFORD ; Lorna JOHNSTON ; Anusua Singh ROY in Autism Research, 16-12 (December 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-12 (December 2023) . - p.2403-2414 Titre : Prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism in Scottish primary schools 2018-2022 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Lorna JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Anusua Singh ROY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2403-2414 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of neurodevelopmental needs among children in primary schools in Scotland. Two groups were identified: autistic learners and a larger group of learners who had neurodevelopmental differences. These differences encompassed any need for additional support in various domains, including communication, interaction, emotional regulation, coordination, movement, and cognition. A two-phase process was employed, drawing on data from a cross-sectional study followed by a secondary analysis of a population census. In the first phase, a random sample of 688 children with additional support needs from 22 schools participated. Demographics, support characteristics, and neurodevelopmental needs were identified. Results revealed that 76.89% of children with additional support needs exhibited a need type consistent with a neurodevelopmental difference. In the second phase, data from the Scottish Government Annual Pupil Census, covering all state-provided primary school children between 2018 and 2022, were analyzed. Modeling was conducted using data from the first phase to estimate prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences. Data on autism were directly extracted from the census. Analysis revealed an increase in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism. The prevalence of autism rose by 31.98%, with 2.60% of primary school children identified as autistic in 2022. Similarly, the prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences increased by 10.57%, with 16.22% of primary school children exhibiting such differences in 2022. Across 32 localities, regional variations in prevalence were observed. These findings show the substantial number of neurodivergent children within Scottish primary schools and emphasize the need for a neurodevelopmentally informed approach to inclusive education. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3063 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=518 [article] Prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism in Scottish primary schools 2018-2022 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Lorna JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Anusua Singh ROY, Auteur . - p.2403-2414. in Autism Research > 16-12 (December 2023) . - p.2403-2414 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of neurodevelopmental needs among children in primary schools in Scotland. Two groups were identified: autistic learners and a larger group of learners who had neurodevelopmental differences. These differences encompassed any need for additional support in various domains, including communication, interaction, emotional regulation, coordination, movement, and cognition. A two-phase process was employed, drawing on data from a cross-sectional study followed by a secondary analysis of a population census. In the first phase, a random sample of 688 children with additional support needs from 22 schools participated. Demographics, support characteristics, and neurodevelopmental needs were identified. Results revealed that 76.89% of children with additional support needs exhibited a need type consistent with a neurodevelopmental difference. In the second phase, data from the Scottish Government Annual Pupil Census, covering all state-provided primary school children between 2018 and 2022, were analyzed. Modeling was conducted using data from the first phase to estimate prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences. Data on autism were directly extracted from the census. Analysis revealed an increase in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences and autism. The prevalence of autism rose by 31.98%, with 2.60% of primary school children identified as autistic in 2022. Similarly, the prevalence of neurodevelopmental differences increased by 10.57%, with 16.22% of primary school children exhibiting such differences in 2022. Across 32 localities, regional variations in prevalence were observed. These findings show the substantial number of neurodivergent children within Scottish primary schools and emphasize the need for a neurodevelopmentally informed approach to inclusive education. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3063 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=518

Pupils' views on visual timetables and labels in mainstream primary classrooms / Marion RUTHERFORD in Good Autism Practice - GAP, 21-2 (October 2020)

Public ISBD [article]  inGood Autism Practice - GAP > 21-2 (October 2020) . - p.11-22 Titre : Pupils' views on visual timetables and labels in mainstream primary classrooms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Brittany LAHOOD-KULLBERG, Auteur ; Julie BAXTER, Auteur ; Lorna JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Katie CEBULA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.11-22 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The use of visual timetables and other visual supports such as labelling materials, places and people with words, symbols and/or photos has been advocated by many to enhance communication and understanding, particularly for children with special educational needs. These are used by staff in mainstream and special settings, and parents and carers also often develop these for use at home. A number of studies have been conducted to explore the value of these from the perspective of the adults who implement them but few studies have sought to obtain the children's views. In this paper, the authors who work at Queen Margaret University (MR); within the NHS Lothian Speech and Language Therapy Department (MR); within the Additional Support for Learning Service (JB and LJ) in Edinburgh; and at the University of Edinburgh (BLK and KC) report on a study they conducted to gain the views of 109 pupils with (36) and without additional support needs (73) attending two mainstream primary schools. They conclude that most pupils in both groups found visual supports useful but that they could be more involved in deciding how these were implemented and updated. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438 [article] Pupils' views on visual timetables and labels in mainstream primary classrooms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marion RUTHERFORD, Auteur ; Brittany LAHOOD-KULLBERG, Auteur ; Julie BAXTER, Auteur ; Lorna JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Katie CEBULA, Auteur . - p.11-22. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Good Autism Practice - GAP > 21-2 (October 2020) . - p.11-22 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The use of visual timetables and other visual supports such as labelling materials, places and people with words, symbols and/or photos has been advocated by many to enhance communication and understanding, particularly for children with special educational needs. These are used by staff in mainstream and special settings, and parents and carers also often develop these for use at home. A number of studies have been conducted to explore the value of these from the perspective of the adults who implement them but few studies have sought to obtain the children's views. In this paper, the authors who work at Queen Margaret University (MR); within the NHS Lothian Speech and Language Therapy Department (MR); within the Additional Support for Learning Service (JB and LJ) in Edinburgh; and at the University of Edinburgh (BLK and KC) report on a study they conducted to gain the views of 109 pupils with (36) and without additional support needs (73) attending two mainstream primary schools. They conclude that most pupils in both groups found visual supports useful but that they could be more involved in deciding how these were implemented and updated. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438

The Prosody–Language Relationship in Children With High-Functioning Autism / Joanne MCCANN

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The relation between practice that is consistent with NICE guideline 142 recommendations and waiting times within Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnostic services / Karen MCKENZIE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 26 (June 2016)  

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The relationship between waiting times and ‘adherence’ to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 98 guideline in autism spectrum disorder diagnostic services in Scotland / Karen MCKENZIE in Autism, 20-4 (May 2016)  

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Visual supports at home and in the community for individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review / Marion RUTHERFORD in Autism, 24-2 (February 2020)  

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Why are they waiting? Exploring professional perspectives and developing solutions to delayed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults and children / Marion RUTHERFORD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 31 (November 2016)  

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