Divided attention capacity in adults with autism spectrum disorders and without intellectual disability / Hans BOGTE in Autism, 13-3 (May 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 13-3 (May 2009) . - p.229-243 Titre : Divided attention capacity in adults with autism spectrum disorders and without intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hans BOGTE, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur ; Bert FLAMMA, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.229-243 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults ASD executive-function prefrontal-cortex reaction-time Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Earlier research showed that divided attention, an aspect of executive function, is limited in both children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The current study explored divided attention capacity in adults with ASD and without intellectual disability (n = 36). Divided attention was tested using a computerized variant of a well-known memory recognition test, with two levels of cognitive load. The effect of cognitive load on reaction time performance is considered to be inversely proportional to divided attention capacity. The study failed to provide a relationship between divided attention and ASD, contrary to earlier research. Findings indicated that only the adults with ASD who used medication had a divided attention deficit, and that this group had specific difficulty reaching a binary decision in a memory search task. An additional finding was that the participants with ASD were overall slow. Possible causes and implications of these findings are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103793 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=728 [article] Divided attention capacity in adults with autism spectrum disorders and without intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hans BOGTE, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur ; Bert FLAMMA, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.229-243. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 13-3 (May 2009) . - p.229-243 Mots-clés : adults ASD executive-function prefrontal-cortex reaction-time Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Earlier research showed that divided attention, an aspect of executive function, is limited in both children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The current study explored divided attention capacity in adults with ASD and without intellectual disability (n = 36). Divided attention was tested using a computerized variant of a well-known memory recognition test, with two levels of cognitive load. The effect of cognitive load on reaction time performance is considered to be inversely proportional to divided attention capacity. The study failed to provide a relationship between divided attention and ASD, contrary to earlier research. Findings indicated that only the adults with ASD who used medication had a divided attention deficit, and that this group had specific difficulty reaching a binary decision in a memory search task. An additional finding was that the participants with ASD were overall slow. Possible causes and implications of these findings are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103793 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=728

Event rate and event-related potentials in ADHD / Jan R. WIERSEMA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-6 (June 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-6 (June 2006) . - p.560–567 Titre : Event rate and event-related potentials in ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Rudy VAN COSTER, Auteur ; Dieter BAEYENS, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.560–567 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD ODD/CD ERP event-rate effort state-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It has been repeatedly found that performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more impaired when a long inter-stimulus interval (ISI) is used than when a short ISI is used. According to the cognitive-energetic model, this may reflect difficulty in remaining in an optimal motor activation state because of insufficient effort allocation. Method: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were evaluated during a Go/No-Go task that incorporates a condition with a fast and a slow presentation rate. Results: ADHD, whether or not comorbid with oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), was associated with a steeper increase in reaction time (RT) from the fast to the slow condition accompanied by a missing increment of the parietal P3. Speed of responding was found to be correlated with P3 amplitude. In the fast condition, children with ADHD made more errors of commission, accompanied by a smaller No-Go N2, a component thought to be related to inhibition; however, after controlling for ODD/CD these differences disappeared. Conclusions: The association between the steeper increase in RT and reduced parietal P3s may indicate that the children with ADHD did not allocate enough extra effort to adjust to a potentially under-activated state. However, the event rate effects could not account for all of the differences between groups and also early automatic information processing stages seem disturbed in this disorder as indexed by larger P2 amplitudes. Alternative explanations are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01592.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=740 [article] Event rate and event-related potentials in ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Rudy VAN COSTER, Auteur ; Dieter BAEYENS, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.560–567. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-6 (June 2006) . - p.560–567 Mots-clés : ADHD ODD/CD ERP event-rate effort state-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It has been repeatedly found that performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more impaired when a long inter-stimulus interval (ISI) is used than when a short ISI is used. According to the cognitive-energetic model, this may reflect difficulty in remaining in an optimal motor activation state because of insufficient effort allocation. Method: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were evaluated during a Go/No-Go task that incorporates a condition with a fast and a slow presentation rate. Results: ADHD, whether or not comorbid with oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), was associated with a steeper increase in reaction time (RT) from the fast to the slow condition accompanied by a missing increment of the parietal P3. Speed of responding was found to be correlated with P3 amplitude. In the fast condition, children with ADHD made more errors of commission, accompanied by a smaller No-Go N2, a component thought to be related to inhibition; however, after controlling for ODD/CD these differences disappeared. Conclusions: The association between the steeper increase in RT and reduced parietal P3s may indicate that the children with ADHD did not allocate enough extra effort to adjust to a potentially under-activated state. However, the event rate effects could not account for all of the differences between groups and also early automatic information processing stages seem disturbed in this disorder as indexed by larger P2 amplitudes. Alternative explanations are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01592.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=740

Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD / Tobias BANASCHEWSKI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-11 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-11 (November 2012) . - p.1139-1148 Titre : Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Christine JENNEN-STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Björn ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Wai CHEN, Auteur ; Henrik UEBEL, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Iris MANOR, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Fernando MULAS, Auteur ; Robert D. OADES, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1139-1148 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  neuropsychological performance  emotional lability  executive functions  delay aversion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods:  A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 6–18 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go Task, a warned four-choice Reaction Time task, the Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion and Digit span backwards. Neuropsychological variables were aggregated as indices of processing speed, response variability, executive functions, choice impulsivity and the influence of energetic and/or motivational factors. EL and ADHD symptoms were regressed on each neuropsychological variable in separate analyses controlling for age, gender and IQ, and, in subsequent regression analyses, for ADHD and EL symptoms respectively. Results:  Neuropsychological variables significantly predicted ADHD and EL symptoms with moderate-to-low regression coefficients. However, the association between neuropsychological parameters on EL disappeared entirely when the effect of ADHD symptoms was taken into account, revealing that the association between the neuropsychological performance measures and EL is completely mediated statistically by variations in ADHD symptoms. Conversely, neuropsychological effects on ADHD symptoms remained after EL symptom severity was taken into account. Conclusions:  The neuropsychological parameters examined, herein, predict ADHD more strongly than EL. They cannot explain EL symptoms beyond what is already accounted for by ADHD symptom severity. The association between EL and ADHD cannot be explained by these cognitive or motivational deficits. Alternative mechanisms, including overlapping genetic influences (pleiotropic effects) and/or alternative neuropsychological processes need to be considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Christine JENNEN-STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur ; Joseph A. SERGEANT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Alexis C. FRAZIER-WOOD, Auteur ; Björn ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Wai CHEN, Auteur ; Henrik UEBEL, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Iris MANOR, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Fernando MULAS, Auteur ; Robert D. OADES, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Hans-Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1139-1148. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-11 (November 2012) . - p.1139-1148 Mots-clés : ADHD  neuropsychological performance  emotional lability  executive functions  delay aversion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods:  A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 6–18 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go Task, a warned four-choice Reaction Time task, the Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion and Digit span backwards. Neuropsychological variables were aggregated as indices of processing speed, response variability, executive functions, choice impulsivity and the influence of energetic and/or motivational factors. EL and ADHD symptoms were regressed on each neuropsychological variable in separate analyses controlling for age, gender and IQ, and, in subsequent regression analyses, for ADHD and EL symptoms respectively. Results:  Neuropsychological variables significantly predicted ADHD and EL symptoms with moderate-to-low regression coefficients. However, the association between neuropsychological parameters on EL disappeared entirely when the effect of ADHD symptoms was taken into account, revealing that the association between the neuropsychological performance measures and EL is completely mediated statistically by variations in ADHD symptoms. Conversely, neuropsychological effects on ADHD symptoms remained after EL symptom severity was taken into account. Conclusions:  The neuropsychological parameters examined, herein, predict ADHD more strongly than EL. They cannot explain EL symptoms beyond what is already accounted for by ADHD symptom severity. The association between EL and ADHD cannot be explained by these cognitive or motivational deficits. Alternative mechanisms, including overlapping genetic influences (pleiotropic effects) and/or alternative neuropsychological processes need to be considered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender-independent endophenotypes for ADHD / Henrik UEBEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-2 (February 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-2 (February 2010) . - p.210-218 Titre : Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender-independent endophenotypes for ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Henrik UEBEL, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Hanna CHRISTIANSEN, Auteur ; Rafaela MARCO, Auteur ; Iris MANOR, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Norbert A. BORGER, Auteur ; Alexander HEISE, Auteur ; Ulrike SCHAFER, Auteur ; Robert D. OADES, Auteur ; Louise BUTLER, Auteur ; Aisling MULLIGAN, Auteur ; Wai CHEN, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Björn ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Penelope ANDREOU, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.210-218 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder ADHD endophenotype executive-function reaction-time-variability false-alarms state-regulation incentives Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be modulated by motivational factors and/or state-regulation processes. The aim of this study was (1) to determine if these executive functions may constitute an endophenotype for ADHD; (2) to investigate for the first time whether known modulators of these executive functions may also be familial; and (3) to explore whether gender has an impact on these measures. Methods: Two hundred and five children with ADHD combined type, 173 nonaffected biological siblings and 53 controls with no known family history of ADHD were examined using a Go/Nogo task in the framework of a multi-centre study. Performance-measures and modulating effects of event-rate and incentives were examined. Shared familial effects on these measures were assessed, and the influence of gender was tested. Results: Children with ADHD responded more slowly and variably than nonaffected siblings or controls. Nonaffected siblings showed intermediate scores for reaction-time variability, false alarms and omission errors under fast and slow event-rates. A slower event-rate did not lead to reduced performance specific to ADHD. In the incentive condition, mean reaction-times speeded up and became less variable only in children with ADHD and their nonaffected siblings, while accuracy was improved in all groups. Males responded faster, but also committed more false alarms. There were no interactions of group by gender. Conclusions: Reaction-time variability and accuracy parameters could be useful neuropsychological endophenotypes for ADHD. Performance-modulating effects of incentives suggested a familially driven motivational dysfunction which may play an important role on etiologic pathways and treatment approaches for ADHD. The effects of gender were independent of familial effects or ADHD-status, which in turn suggests that the proposed endophenotypes are independent of gender. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02139.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=941 [article] Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender-independent endophenotypes for ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Henrik UEBEL, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Hanna CHRISTIANSEN, Auteur ; Rafaela MARCO, Auteur ; Iris MANOR, Auteur ; Ana MIRANDA, Auteur ; Norbert A. BORGER, Auteur ; Alexander HEISE, Auteur ; Ulrike SCHAFER, Auteur ; Robert D. OADES, Auteur ; Louise BUTLER, Auteur ; Aisling MULLIGAN, Auteur ; Wai CHEN, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Stephen V. FARAONE, Auteur ; Björn ALBRECHT, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Penelope ANDREOU, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.210-218. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-2 (February 2010) . - p.210-218 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder ADHD endophenotype executive-function reaction-time-variability false-alarms state-regulation incentives Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be modulated by motivational factors and/or state-regulation processes. The aim of this study was (1) to determine if these executive functions may constitute an endophenotype for ADHD; (2) to investigate for the first time whether known modulators of these executive functions may also be familial; and (3) to explore whether gender has an impact on these measures. Methods: Two hundred and five children with ADHD combined type, 173 nonaffected biological siblings and 53 controls with no known family history of ADHD were examined using a Go/Nogo task in the framework of a multi-centre study. Performance-measures and modulating effects of event-rate and incentives were examined. Shared familial effects on these measures were assessed, and the influence of gender was tested. Results: Children with ADHD responded more slowly and variably than nonaffected siblings or controls. Nonaffected siblings showed intermediate scores for reaction-time variability, false alarms and omission errors under fast and slow event-rates. A slower event-rate did not lead to reduced performance specific to ADHD. In the incentive condition, mean reaction-times speeded up and became less variable only in children with ADHD and their nonaffected siblings, while accuracy was improved in all groups. Males responded faster, but also committed more false alarms. There were no interactions of group by gender. Conclusions: Reaction-time variability and accuracy parameters could be useful neuropsychological endophenotypes for ADHD. Performance-modulating effects of incentives suggested a familially driven motivational dysfunction which may play an important role on etiologic pathways and treatment approaches for ADHD. The effects of gender were independent of familial effects or ADHD-status, which in turn suggests that the proposed endophenotypes are independent of gender. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02139.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=941

The Effect of Methylphenidate and Clonidine on Response Inhibition and State Regulation in Children with ADHD / Jaap VAN DER MEERE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40-2 (February 1999)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-2 (February 1999) . - p.291-298 Titre : The Effect of Methylphenidate and Clonidine on Response Inhibition and State Regulation in Children with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Boudewijn GUNNING, Auteur ; Nanke STEMERDINK, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p.291-298 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hyperactivity  Attention Deficit Disorder  school children  methylphenidate  clonidine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) and clonidine in comparison with placebo on response inhibition and state regulation in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study utilised a double-blind crossover design in which children were randomly assigned without replacement to placebo, MPH, and clonidine following baseline assessment. The primary dependent measures were derived from children's performance (reaction time and errors) on a GO-NO GO task under three conditions that altered the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) for presented GO-NO GO stimuli: ISI of 1 sec (fast condition), 4 sec (medium condition), and 8 sec (slow condition). Findings indicated no difference in task performance between groups treated for 7 weeks with placebo, MPH, and clonidine. We concluded that the state regulation problem in ADHD is resistant to MPH and clonidine. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124 [article] The Effect of Methylphenidate and Clonidine on Response Inhibition and State Regulation in Children with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jaap VAN DER MEERE, Auteur ; Boudewijn GUNNING, Auteur ; Nanke STEMERDINK, Auteur . - 1999 . - p.291-298. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-2 (February 1999) . - p.291-298 Mots-clés : Hyperactivity  Attention Deficit Disorder  school children  methylphenidate  clonidine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) and clonidine in comparison with placebo on response inhibition and state regulation in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study utilised a double-blind crossover design in which children were randomly assigned without replacement to placebo, MPH, and clonidine following baseline assessment. The primary dependent measures were derived from children's performance (reaction time and errors) on a GO-NO GO task under three conditions that altered the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) for presented GO-NO GO stimuli: ISI of 1 sec (fast condition), 4 sec (medium condition), and 8 sec (slow condition). Findings indicated no difference in task performance between groups treated for 7 weeks with placebo, MPH, and clonidine. We concluded that the state regulation problem in ADHD is resistant to MPH and clonidine. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124

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