Brain function and gaze fixation during facial-emotion processing in fragile X and autism / Kim M. DALTON in Autism Research, 1-4 (August 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-4 (August 2008) . - p.231-239 Titre : Brain function and gaze fixation during facial-emotion processing in fragile X and autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kim M. DALTON, Auteur ; Laura HOLSEN, Auteur ; Leonard ABBEDUTO, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.231-239 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : fragile-X-syndrome autism face-processing brain-function fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overlapping features in these populations include gaze aversion, communication deficits, and social withdrawal. Although the association between FXS and ASD has been well documented at the behavioral level, the underlying neural mechanisms associated with the social/emotional deficits in these groups remain unclear. We collected functional brain images and eye-gaze fixations from 9 individuals with FXS and 14 individuals with idiopathic ASD, as well as 15 typically developing (TD) individuals, while they performed a facial-emotion discrimination task. The FXS group showed a similar yet less aberrant pattern of gaze fixations compared with the ASD group. The FXS group also showed fusiform gyrus (FG) hypoactivation compared with the TD control group. Activation in FG was strongly and positively associated with average eye fixation and negatively associated with ASD characteristics in the FXS group. The FXS group displayed significantly greater activation than both the TD control and ASD groups in the left hippocampus (HIPP), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), right insula (INS), and left postcentral gyrus (PCG). These group differences in brain activation are important as they suggest unique underlying face-processing neural circuitry in FXS versus idiopathic ASD, largely supporting the hypothesis that ASD characteristics in FXS and idiopathic ASD reflect partially divergent impairments at the neural level, at least in FXS individuals without a co-morbid diagnosis of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.32 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=932 [article] Brain function and gaze fixation during facial-emotion processing in fragile X and autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kim M. DALTON, Auteur ; Laura HOLSEN, Auteur ; Leonard ABBEDUTO, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.231-239. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-4 (August 2008) . - p.231-239 Mots-clés : fragile-X-syndrome autism face-processing brain-function fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overlapping features in these populations include gaze aversion, communication deficits, and social withdrawal. Although the association between FXS and ASD has been well documented at the behavioral level, the underlying neural mechanisms associated with the social/emotional deficits in these groups remain unclear. We collected functional brain images and eye-gaze fixations from 9 individuals with FXS and 14 individuals with idiopathic ASD, as well as 15 typically developing (TD) individuals, while they performed a facial-emotion discrimination task. The FXS group showed a similar yet less aberrant pattern of gaze fixations compared with the ASD group. The FXS group also showed fusiform gyrus (FG) hypoactivation compared with the TD control group. Activation in FG was strongly and positively associated with average eye fixation and negatively associated with ASD characteristics in the FXS group. The FXS group displayed significantly greater activation than both the TD control and ASD groups in the left hippocampus (HIPP), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), right insula (INS), and left postcentral gyrus (PCG). These group differences in brain activation are important as they suggest unique underlying face-processing neural circuitry in FXS versus idiopathic ASD, largely supporting the hypothesis that ASD characteristics in FXS and idiopathic ASD reflect partially divergent impairments at the neural level, at least in FXS individuals without a co-morbid diagnosis of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.32 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=932

Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development / Jamie L. HANSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-7 (July 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-7 (July 2017) . - p.770-778 Titre : Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jamie L. HANSON, Auteur ; Wouter VAN DEN BOS, Auteur ; Barbara J. ROEBER, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.770-778 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Learning  child development  social behavior  early life experience  child abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children who experience early adversity often develop emotion regulatory problems, but little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this relation. We tested whether general associative learning processes contribute to associations between adversity, in the form of child maltreatment, and negative behavioral outcomes. Methods Eighty-one participants between 12 and 17 years of age were recruited for this study and completed a probabilistic learning Task. Forty-one of these participants had been exposed to physical abuse, a form of early adversity. Forty additional participants without any known history of maltreatment served as a comparison group. All participants (and their parents) also completed portions of the Youth Life Stress Interview to understand adolescent's behavior. We calculated measures of associative learning, and also constructed mathematical models of learning. Results We found that adolescents exposed to high levels of adversity early in their lives had lower levels of associative learning than comparison adolescents. In addition, we found that impaired associative learning partially explained the higher levels of behavioral problems among youth who suffered early adversity. Using mathematical models, we also found that two components of learning were specifically affected in children exposed to adversity: choice variability and biases in their beliefs about the likelihood of rewards in the environment. Conclusions Participants who had been exposed to early adversity were less able than their peers to correctly learn which stimuli were likely to result in reward, even after repeated feedback. These individuals also used information about known rewards in their environments less often. In addition, individuals exposed to adversity made decisions early in the learning process as if rewards were less consistent and occurred more at random. These data suggest one mechanism through which early life experience shapes behavioral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12694 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=316 [article] Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jamie L. HANSON, Auteur ; Wouter VAN DEN BOS, Auteur ; Barbara J. ROEBER, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur . - p.770-778. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-7 (July 2017) . - p.770-778 Mots-clés : Learning  child development  social behavior  early life experience  child abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children who experience early adversity often develop emotion regulatory problems, but little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this relation. We tested whether general associative learning processes contribute to associations between adversity, in the form of child maltreatment, and negative behavioral outcomes. Methods Eighty-one participants between 12 and 17 years of age were recruited for this study and completed a probabilistic learning Task. Forty-one of these participants had been exposed to physical abuse, a form of early adversity. Forty additional participants without any known history of maltreatment served as a comparison group. All participants (and their parents) also completed portions of the Youth Life Stress Interview to understand adolescent's behavior. We calculated measures of associative learning, and also constructed mathematical models of learning. Results We found that adolescents exposed to high levels of adversity early in their lives had lower levels of associative learning than comparison adolescents. In addition, we found that impaired associative learning partially explained the higher levels of behavioral problems among youth who suffered early adversity. Using mathematical models, we also found that two components of learning were specifically affected in children exposed to adversity: choice variability and biases in their beliefs about the likelihood of rewards in the environment. Conclusions Participants who had been exposed to early adversity were less able than their peers to correctly learn which stimuli were likely to result in reward, even after repeated feedback. These individuals also used information about known rewards in their environments less often. In addition, individuals exposed to adversity made decisions early in the learning process as if rewards were less consistent and occurred more at random. These data suggest one mechanism through which early life experience shapes behavioral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12694 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=316

Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder / J. Anthony RICHEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-11 (November 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-11 (November 2015) . - p.3409-3423 Titre : Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. Anthony RICHEY, Auteur ; Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Antoinette SABATINO-DICRISCIO, Auteur ; Alison RITTENBERG, Auteur ; Chris PETTY, Auteur ; Josh BIZZELL, Auteur ; James VOYVODIC, Auteur ; Aaron S. HELLER, Auteur ; Marika C. COFFMAN, Auteur ; Moria SMOSKI, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3409-3423 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex  Amygdala  Nucleus accumbens  Emotion regulation  Eyetracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by high rates of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. One mechanistic account of these comorbidities is that ASD is characterized by impaired emotion regulation (ER) that results in deficits modulating emotional responses. We assessed neural activation during cognitive reappraisal of faces in high functioning adults with ASD. Groups did not differ in looking time, pupilometry, or subjective ratings of faces during reappraisal. However, instructions to increase positive and negative emotional responses resulted in less increase in nucleus accumbens and amygdala activations (respectively) in the ASD group, and both regulation instructions resulted in less change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in the ASD group. Results suggest a potential mechanistic account of impaired ER in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2359-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. Anthony RICHEY, Auteur ; Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Antoinette SABATINO-DICRISCIO, Auteur ; Alison RITTENBERG, Auteur ; Chris PETTY, Auteur ; Josh BIZZELL, Auteur ; James VOYVODIC, Auteur ; Aaron S. HELLER, Auteur ; Marika C. COFFMAN, Auteur ; Moria SMOSKI, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur . - p.3409-3423. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-11 (November 2015) . - p.3409-3423 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex  Amygdala  Nucleus accumbens  Emotion regulation  Eyetracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by high rates of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. One mechanistic account of these comorbidities is that ASD is characterized by impaired emotion regulation (ER) that results in deficits modulating emotional responses. We assessed neural activation during cognitive reappraisal of faces in high functioning adults with ASD. Groups did not differ in looking time, pupilometry, or subjective ratings of faces during reappraisal. However, instructions to increase positive and negative emotional responses resulted in less increase in nucleus accumbens and amygdala activations (respectively) in the ASD group, and both regulation instructions resulted in less change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in the ASD group. Results suggest a potential mechanistic account of impaired ER in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2359-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

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