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Résultat de la recherche
5 recherche sur le mot-clé 'early life experience'




Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development / Jamie L. HANSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-7 (July 2017)
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Titre : Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jamie L. HANSON, Auteur ; Wouter VAN DEN BOS, Auteur ; Barbara J. ROEBER, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.770-778 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Learning child development social behavior early life experience child abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children who experience early adversity often develop emotion regulatory problems, but little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this relation. We tested whether general associative learning processes contribute to associations between adversity, in the form of child maltreatment, and negative behavioral outcomes. Methods Eighty-one participants between 12 and 17 years of age were recruited for this study and completed a probabilistic learning Task. Forty-one of these participants had been exposed to physical abuse, a form of early adversity. Forty additional participants without any known history of maltreatment served as a comparison group. All participants (and their parents) also completed portions of the Youth Life Stress Interview to understand adolescent's behavior. We calculated measures of associative learning, and also constructed mathematical models of learning. Results We found that adolescents exposed to high levels of adversity early in their lives had lower levels of associative learning than comparison adolescents. In addition, we found that impaired associative learning partially explained the higher levels of behavioral problems among youth who suffered early adversity. Using mathematical models, we also found that two components of learning were specifically affected in children exposed to adversity: choice variability and biases in their beliefs about the likelihood of rewards in the environment. Conclusions Participants who had been exposed to early adversity were less able than their peers to correctly learn which stimuli were likely to result in reward, even after repeated feedback. These individuals also used information about known rewards in their environments less often. In addition, individuals exposed to adversity made decisions early in the learning process as if rewards were less consistent and occurred more at random. These data suggest one mechanism through which early life experience shapes behavioral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12694 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=316
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-7 (July 2017) . - p.770-778[article] Early adversity and learning: implications for typical and atypical behavioral development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jamie L. HANSON, Auteur ; Wouter VAN DEN BOS, Auteur ; Barbara J. ROEBER, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur ; Richard J. DAVIDSON, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur . - p.770-778.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-7 (July 2017) . - p.770-778
Mots-clés : Learning child development social behavior early life experience child abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children who experience early adversity often develop emotion regulatory problems, but little is known about the mechanisms that mediate this relation. We tested whether general associative learning processes contribute to associations between adversity, in the form of child maltreatment, and negative behavioral outcomes. Methods Eighty-one participants between 12 and 17 years of age were recruited for this study and completed a probabilistic learning Task. Forty-one of these participants had been exposed to physical abuse, a form of early adversity. Forty additional participants without any known history of maltreatment served as a comparison group. All participants (and their parents) also completed portions of the Youth Life Stress Interview to understand adolescent's behavior. We calculated measures of associative learning, and also constructed mathematical models of learning. Results We found that adolescents exposed to high levels of adversity early in their lives had lower levels of associative learning than comparison adolescents. In addition, we found that impaired associative learning partially explained the higher levels of behavioral problems among youth who suffered early adversity. Using mathematical models, we also found that two components of learning were specifically affected in children exposed to adversity: choice variability and biases in their beliefs about the likelihood of rewards in the environment. Conclusions Participants who had been exposed to early adversity were less able than their peers to correctly learn which stimuli were likely to result in reward, even after repeated feedback. These individuals also used information about known rewards in their environments less often. In addition, individuals exposed to adversity made decisions early in the learning process as if rewards were less consistent and occurred more at random. These data suggest one mechanism through which early life experience shapes behavioral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12694 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=316 Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores - Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice / Rebecca E. LACEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-2 (February 2020)
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Titre : Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores - Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca E. LACEY, Auteur ; Helen MINNIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.116-130 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adversity child abuse early life experience social psychiatry social work Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores have become a common approach for considering childhood adversities and are highly influential in public policy and clinical practice. Their use is also controversial. Other ways of measuring adversity - examining single adversities, or using theoretically or empirically driven methods - might have advantages over ACE scores. METHODS: In this narrative review we critique the conceptualisation and measurement of ACEs in research, clinical practice, public health and public discourse. RESULTS: The ACE score approach has the advantages - and limitations - of simplicity: its simplicity facilitates wide-ranging applications in public policy, public health and clinical settings but risks over-simplistic communication of risk/causality, determinism and stigma. The other common approach - focussing on single adversities - is also limited because adversities tend to co-occur. Researchers are using rapidly accruing datasets on ACEs to facilitate new theoretical and empirical approaches but this work is at an early stage, e.g. weighting ACEs and including severity, frequency, duration and timing. More research is needed to establish what should be included as an ACE, how individual ACEs should be weighted, how ACEs cluster, and the implications of these findings for clinical work and policy. New ways of conceptualising and measuring ACEs that incorporate this new knowledge, while maintaining some of the simplicity of the current ACE questionnaire, could be helpful for clinicians, practitioners, patients and the public. CONCLUSIONS: Although we welcome the current focus on ACEs, a more critical view of their conceptualisation, measurement, and application to practice settings is urgently needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13135 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-2 (February 2020) . - p.116-130[article] Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores - Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca E. LACEY, Auteur ; Helen MINNIS, Auteur . - p.116-130.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-2 (February 2020) . - p.116-130
Mots-clés : Adversity child abuse early life experience social psychiatry social work Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores have become a common approach for considering childhood adversities and are highly influential in public policy and clinical practice. Their use is also controversial. Other ways of measuring adversity - examining single adversities, or using theoretically or empirically driven methods - might have advantages over ACE scores. METHODS: In this narrative review we critique the conceptualisation and measurement of ACEs in research, clinical practice, public health and public discourse. RESULTS: The ACE score approach has the advantages - and limitations - of simplicity: its simplicity facilitates wide-ranging applications in public policy, public health and clinical settings but risks over-simplistic communication of risk/causality, determinism and stigma. The other common approach - focussing on single adversities - is also limited because adversities tend to co-occur. Researchers are using rapidly accruing datasets on ACEs to facilitate new theoretical and empirical approaches but this work is at an early stage, e.g. weighting ACEs and including severity, frequency, duration and timing. More research is needed to establish what should be included as an ACE, how individual ACEs should be weighted, how ACEs cluster, and the implications of these findings for clinical work and policy. New ways of conceptualising and measuring ACEs that incorporate this new knowledge, while maintaining some of the simplicity of the current ACE questionnaire, could be helpful for clinicians, practitioners, patients and the public. CONCLUSIONS: Although we welcome the current focus on ACEs, a more critical view of their conceptualisation, measurement, and application to practice settings is urgently needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13135 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants / D. A. GHEORGHE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-7 (July 2021)
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Titre : Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. A. GHEORGHE, Auteur ; C. LI, Auteur ; J. GALLACHER, Auteur ; S. BAUERMEISTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.822-830 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adverse Childhood Experiences Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological Specimen Banks Brain/diagnostic imaging Humans Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Spouse Abuse United Kingdom/epidemiology Brain imaging adversity early life experience large data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity-related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross-sectional approach. METHODS: The UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45-80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests. RESULTS: The data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse ('felt hated by family member as a child') had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( ?p2 ( ) < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross-sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self-perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.822-830[article] Associations of perceived adverse lifetime experiences with brain structure in UK Biobank participants [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. A. GHEORGHE, Auteur ; C. LI, Auteur ; J. GALLACHER, Auteur ; S. BAUERMEISTER, Auteur . - p.822-830.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.822-830
Mots-clés : Adverse Childhood Experiences Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological Specimen Banks Brain/diagnostic imaging Humans Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Spouse Abuse United Kingdom/epidemiology Brain imaging adversity early life experience large data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adversity experiences (AEs) are major risk factors for psychiatric illness, and ample evidence suggests that adversity-related changes in brain structure enhance this vulnerability. To achieve greater understanding of the underlying biological pathways, increased convergence among findings is needed. Suggested future directions may benefit from the use of large population samples which may contribute to achieving this goal. We addressed mechanistic pathways by investigating the associations between multiple brain phenotypes and retrospectively reported AEs in early life (child adversity) and adulthood (partner abuse) in a large population sample, using a cross-sectional approach. METHODS: The UK Biobank resource was used to access imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from 6,751 participants (aged: M = 62.1, SD = 7.2, range = 45-80), together with selected reports of childhood AEs and adult partner abuse. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data prior to multivariate tests. RESULTS: The data showed that participants who reported experiences of childhood emotional abuse ('felt hated by family member as a child') had smaller cerebellar and ventral striatum volumes. This result was also depicted in a random subset of participants; however, we note small effect sizes ( ?p2 ( ) < .01), suggestive of modest biological changes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large population cohort, this study demonstrates the value of big datasets in the study of adversity and using automatically preprocessed neuroimaging phenotypes. While retrospective and cross-sectional characteristics limit interpretation, this study demonstrates that self-perceived adversity reports, however nonspecific, may still expose neural consequences, identifiable with increased statistical power. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13298 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 Research Review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents' childhoods as the first exposure / P. SCORZA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-2 (February 2019)
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Titre : Research Review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents' childhoods as the first exposure Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. SCORZA, Auteur ; C. S. DUARTE, Auteur ; A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; J. POSNER, Auteur ; A. ORTIN, Auteur ; Glorisa CANINO, Auteur ; C. MONK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.119-132 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Development adversity early life experience endocrinology epigenetics gene-environment interaction stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: For decades, economists and sociologists have documented intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic disadvantage, demonstrating that economic, political, and social factors contribute to 'inherited hardship'. Drawing on biological factors, the developmental origins of adult health and disease model posits that fetal exposure to maternal prenatal distress associated with socioeconomic disadvantage compromises offspring's neurodevelopment, affecting short- and long-term physical and mental health, and thereby psychosocial standing and resources. Increasing evidence suggests that mother-to-child influence occurs prenatally, in part via maternal and offspring atypical HPA axis regulation, with negative effects on the maturation of prefrontal and subcortical neural circuits in the offspring. However, even this in utero timeframe may be insufficient to understand biological aspects of the transmission of factors contributing to disadvantage across generations. METHODS: We review animal studies and emerging human research indicating that parents' childhood experiences may transfer epigenetic marks that could impact the development of their offspring independently of and in interaction with their offspring's perinatal and early childhood direct exposures to stress stemming from socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity. RESULTS: Animal models point to epigenetic mechanisms by which traits that could contribute to disadvantage may be transmitted across generations. However, epigenetic pathways of parental childhood experiences influencing child outcomes in the next generation are only beginning to be studied in humans. With a focus on translational research, we point to design features and methodological considerations for human cohort studies to be able to test the intergenerational transmission hypothesis, and we illustrate this with existing longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetic intergenerational transmission, if at play in human populations, could have policy implications in terms of reducing the continuation of disadvantage across generations. Further research is needed to address this gap in the understanding of the perpetuation of compromised lives across generations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12877 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=381
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-2 (February 2019) . - p.119-132[article] Research Review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents' childhoods as the first exposure [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. SCORZA, Auteur ; C. S. DUARTE, Auteur ; A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; J. POSNER, Auteur ; A. ORTIN, Auteur ; Glorisa CANINO, Auteur ; C. MONK, Auteur . - p.119-132.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-2 (February 2019) . - p.119-132
Mots-clés : Development adversity early life experience endocrinology epigenetics gene-environment interaction stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: For decades, economists and sociologists have documented intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic disadvantage, demonstrating that economic, political, and social factors contribute to 'inherited hardship'. Drawing on biological factors, the developmental origins of adult health and disease model posits that fetal exposure to maternal prenatal distress associated with socioeconomic disadvantage compromises offspring's neurodevelopment, affecting short- and long-term physical and mental health, and thereby psychosocial standing and resources. Increasing evidence suggests that mother-to-child influence occurs prenatally, in part via maternal and offspring atypical HPA axis regulation, with negative effects on the maturation of prefrontal and subcortical neural circuits in the offspring. However, even this in utero timeframe may be insufficient to understand biological aspects of the transmission of factors contributing to disadvantage across generations. METHODS: We review animal studies and emerging human research indicating that parents' childhood experiences may transfer epigenetic marks that could impact the development of their offspring independently of and in interaction with their offspring's perinatal and early childhood direct exposures to stress stemming from socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity. RESULTS: Animal models point to epigenetic mechanisms by which traits that could contribute to disadvantage may be transmitted across generations. However, epigenetic pathways of parental childhood experiences influencing child outcomes in the next generation are only beginning to be studied in humans. With a focus on translational research, we point to design features and methodological considerations for human cohort studies to be able to test the intergenerational transmission hypothesis, and we illustrate this with existing longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetic intergenerational transmission, if at play in human populations, could have policy implications in terms of reducing the continuation of disadvantage across generations. Further research is needed to address this gap in the understanding of the perpetuation of compromised lives across generations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12877 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=381 Mother's and children's ADHD genetic risk, household chaos and children's ADHD symptoms: A gene-environment correlation study / Jessica AGNEW-BLAIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-10 (October 2022)
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Titre : Mother's and children's ADHD genetic risk, household chaos and children's ADHD symptoms: A gene-environment correlation study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica AGNEW-BLAIS, Auteur ; Jasmin WERTZ, Auteur ; Louise ARSENEAULT, Auteur ; Daniel W. BELSKY, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur ; Jean-Baptiste PINGAULT, Auteur ; Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Karen SUGDEN, Auteur ; Benjamin S. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p.1153-1163 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology/genetics Child Female Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Mothers Parents Risk Factors Adhd early life experience family factors genetics longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Chaotic home environments may contribute to children's attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, ADHD genetic risk may also influence household chaos. This study investigated whether children in chaotic households had more ADHD symptoms, if mothers and children with higher ADHD genetic risk lived in more chaotic households, and the joint association of genetic risk and household chaos on the longitudinal course of ADHD symptoms across childhood. METHODS: Participants were mothers and children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative birth cohort of 2,232 twins. Children's ADHD symptoms were assessed at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12years. Household chaos was rated by research workers at ages 7, 10 and 12, and by mother's and twin's self-report at age 12. Genome-wide ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for mothers (n=880) and twins (n=1,999); of these, n=871 mothers and n=1,925 children had information on children's ADHD and household chaos. RESULTS: Children in more chaotic households had higher ADHD symptoms. Mothers and children with higher ADHD PRS lived in more chaotic households. Children's ADHD PRS was associated with household chaos over and above mother's PRS, suggesting evocative gene-environment correlation. Children in more chaotic households had higher baseline ADHD symptoms and a slower rate of decline in symptoms. However, sensitivity analyses estimated that gene-environment correlation accounted for a large proportion of the association of household chaos on ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Children's ADHD genetic risk was independently associated with higher levels of household chaos, emphasising the active role of children in shaping their home environment. Our findings suggest that household chaos partly reflects children's genetic risk for ADHD, calling into question whether household chaos directly influences children's core ADHD symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of considering parent and child genetic risk in relation to apparent environmental exposures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-10 (October 2022) . - p.1153-1163[article] Mother's and children's ADHD genetic risk, household chaos and children's ADHD symptoms: A gene-environment correlation study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica AGNEW-BLAIS, Auteur ; Jasmin WERTZ, Auteur ; Louise ARSENEAULT, Auteur ; Daniel W. BELSKY, Auteur ; Andrea DANESE, Auteur ; Jean-Baptiste PINGAULT, Auteur ; Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Karen SUGDEN, Auteur ; Benjamin S. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Terrie E. MOFFITT, Auteur . - 2022 . - p.1153-1163.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-10 (October 2022) . - p.1153-1163
Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology/genetics Child Female Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Mothers Parents Risk Factors Adhd early life experience family factors genetics longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Chaotic home environments may contribute to children's attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, ADHD genetic risk may also influence household chaos. This study investigated whether children in chaotic households had more ADHD symptoms, if mothers and children with higher ADHD genetic risk lived in more chaotic households, and the joint association of genetic risk and household chaos on the longitudinal course of ADHD symptoms across childhood. METHODS: Participants were mothers and children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative birth cohort of 2,232 twins. Children's ADHD symptoms were assessed at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12years. Household chaos was rated by research workers at ages 7, 10 and 12, and by mother's and twin's self-report at age 12. Genome-wide ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for mothers (n=880) and twins (n=1,999); of these, n=871 mothers and n=1,925 children had information on children's ADHD and household chaos. RESULTS: Children in more chaotic households had higher ADHD symptoms. Mothers and children with higher ADHD PRS lived in more chaotic households. Children's ADHD PRS was associated with household chaos over and above mother's PRS, suggesting evocative gene-environment correlation. Children in more chaotic households had higher baseline ADHD symptoms and a slower rate of decline in symptoms. However, sensitivity analyses estimated that gene-environment correlation accounted for a large proportion of the association of household chaos on ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Children's ADHD genetic risk was independently associated with higher levels of household chaos, emphasising the active role of children in shaping their home environment. Our findings suggest that household chaos partly reflects children's genetic risk for ADHD, calling into question whether household chaos directly influences children's core ADHD symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of considering parent and child genetic risk in relation to apparent environmental exposures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486