Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Empathizing and Systemizing? / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-3 (March 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-3 (March 2013) . - p.695-706 Titre : Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Empathizing and Systemizing? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Rosy L. TOMKINSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.695-706 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Schizotypy  Empathy  Systemizing  Cognitive profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Crespi and Badcock’s (Behaviour Brain Sci 31: 241–261, 2008) novel theory, which presents autism and positive schizophrenia as diametrical opposites on a cognitive continuum, has received mixed support in the literature to date. The current study aimed to further assess the validity of this theory by investigating predictions in relation to empathizing and systemizing. Specifically, it is predicted by Crespi and Badcock that while mild autistic traits should be associated with a cognitive profile of superior mechanistic cognition (which overlaps with systemizing) but reduced mentalistic cognition (which overlaps with empathizing), positive schizotypy traits should be associated with the opposite profile of superior mentalistic but reduced mechanistic cognition. These predictions were tested in a student sample using a battery of self-report and behavioural measures. The pattern of results obtained provides no support for Crespi and Badcock’s theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1614-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=192 [article] Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Empathizing and Systemizing? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Rosy L. TOMKINSON, Auteur . - p.695-706. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-3 (March 2013) . - p.695-706 Mots-clés : Autism  Schizotypy  Empathy  Systemizing  Cognitive profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Crespi and Badcock’s (Behaviour Brain Sci 31: 241–261, 2008) novel theory, which presents autism and positive schizophrenia as diametrical opposites on a cognitive continuum, has received mixed support in the literature to date. The current study aimed to further assess the validity of this theory by investigating predictions in relation to empathizing and systemizing. Specifically, it is predicted by Crespi and Badcock that while mild autistic traits should be associated with a cognitive profile of superior mechanistic cognition (which overlaps with systemizing) but reduced mentalistic cognition (which overlaps with empathizing), positive schizotypy traits should be associated with the opposite profile of superior mentalistic but reduced mechanistic cognition. These predictions were tested in a student sample using a battery of self-report and behavioural measures. The pattern of results obtained provides no support for Crespi and Badcock’s theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1614-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=192

Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Local Versus Global Processing? / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-8 (August 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-8 (August 2010) . - p.968-977 Titre : Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Local Versus Global Processing? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.968-977 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Schizotypy Local–global-processing Visual-search Embedded-figures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Crespi and Badcock (2008) proposed that autism and psychosis represent two extremes on a cognitive spectrum with normality at its center. Their specific claim that autistic and positive schizophrenia traits contrastingly affect preference for local versus global processing was investigated by examining Embedded Figures Test performance in two groups of students separated on autistic-like traits but matched on positive schizotypy traits, and two groups separated on positive schizotypy traits but matched on autistic-like traits (n = 20 per group). Consistent with their theory, higher levels of autistic-like traits were associated with faster identification of hidden figures, whereas higher levels of positive schizotypy traits were associated with slower identification. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0945-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=108 [article] Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Local Versus Global Processing? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.968-977. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-8 (August 2010) . - p.968-977 Mots-clés : Autism Schizotypy Local–global-processing Visual-search Embedded-figures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Crespi and Badcock (2008) proposed that autism and psychosis represent two extremes on a cognitive spectrum with normality at its center. Their specific claim that autistic and positive schizophrenia traits contrastingly affect preference for local versus global processing was investigated by examining Embedded Figures Test performance in two groups of students separated on autistic-like traits but matched on positive schizotypy traits, and two groups separated on positive schizotypy traits but matched on autistic-like traits (n = 20 per group). Consistent with their theory, higher levels of autistic-like traits were associated with faster identification of hidden figures, whereas higher levels of positive schizotypy traits were associated with slower identification. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0945-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=108

Brief Report: Further Evidence for a Link Between Inner Speech Limitations and Executive Function in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-5 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-5 (May 2014) . - p.1236-1243 Titre : Brief Report: Further Evidence for a Link Between Inner Speech Limitations and Executive Function in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Bronwynn J. E. COMERFORD, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.1236-1243 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Executive function  Cognitive flexibility  Inner speech  Wisconsin card sorting test  Articulatory suppression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the involvement of inner speech limitations in the executive dysfunction associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Seventeen children with ASD and 18 controls, statistically-matched in age and IQ, performed a computer-based card sorting test (CST) to assess cognitive flexibility under four conditions: baseline, with articulatory suppression, with a concurrent mouthing task, and while verbalizing their strategies aloud. Articulatory suppression adversely affected CST performance for the control group but not the ASD group. The results additionally showed that overtly verbalizing strategies did not benefit the ASD children as it did the typically developing children. The findings thus provide further evidence that ASD children do not use inner speech to the same extent, or with the same effectiveness, as typically developing children when performing executive tasks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1975-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Brief Report: Further Evidence for a Link Between Inner Speech Limitations and Executive Function in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Bronwynn J. E. COMERFORD, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.1236-1243. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-5 (May 2014) . - p.1236-1243 Mots-clés : Autism  Autism spectrum disorder  Executive function  Cognitive flexibility  Inner speech  Wisconsin card sorting test  Articulatory suppression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the involvement of inner speech limitations in the executive dysfunction associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Seventeen children with ASD and 18 controls, statistically-matched in age and IQ, performed a computer-based card sorting test (CST) to assess cognitive flexibility under four conditions: baseline, with articulatory suppression, with a concurrent mouthing task, and while verbalizing their strategies aloud. Articulatory suppression adversely affected CST performance for the control group but not the ASD group. The results additionally showed that overtly verbalizing strategies did not benefit the ASD children as it did the typically developing children. The findings thus provide further evidence that ASD children do not use inner speech to the same extent, or with the same effectiveness, as typically developing children when performing executive tasks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1975-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Support for a Link Between the Local Processing Bias and Social Deficits in Autism: An Investigation of Embedded Figures Test Performance in Non-Clinical Individuals / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-11 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-11 (November 2012) . - p.2420-2430 Titre : Support for a Link Between the Local Processing Bias and Social Deficits in Autism: An Investigation of Embedded Figures Test Performance in Non-Clinical Individuals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur ; Adelln SNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2420-2430 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Local–global processing  Embedded figures  Social deficits  Attention-to-detail Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this investigation was to explore the degree to which specific subsets of autistic-like traits relate to performance on the Embedded Figures Test (Witkin et al. in A manual for the embedded figures test. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1971 ). In the first group-based investigation with this focus, students were selected for their extreme scores (either high or low) on each of the ‘Social Skills’ and ‘Details/Patterns’ factors of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen et al. in J Austim Dev Disord 31:5–17, 2001 ). The resulting 2 * 2 factorial design permitted examination of the degree to which the social and non-social autistic-like traits separately relate to EFT performance. Surprisingly, in two studies, superior EFT performance was found to relate only to greater social difficulty, suggesting that the local processing bias in autism may be linked specifically to the social deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1506-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=183 [article] Support for a Link Between the Local Processing Bias and Social Deficits in Autism: An Investigation of Embedded Figures Test Performance in Non-Clinical Individuals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur ; Adelln SNG, Auteur . - p.2420-2430. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-11 (November 2012) . - p.2420-2430 Mots-clés : Autism  Local–global processing  Embedded figures  Social deficits  Attention-to-detail Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this investigation was to explore the degree to which specific subsets of autistic-like traits relate to performance on the Embedded Figures Test (Witkin et al. in A manual for the embedded figures test. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1971 ). In the first group-based investigation with this focus, students were selected for their extreme scores (either high or low) on each of the ‘Social Skills’ and ‘Details/Patterns’ factors of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen et al. in J Austim Dev Disord 31:5–17, 2001 ). The resulting 2 * 2 factorial design permitted examination of the degree to which the social and non-social autistic-like traits separately relate to EFT performance. Surprisingly, in two studies, superior EFT performance was found to relate only to greater social difficulty, suggesting that the local processing bias in autism may be linked specifically to the social deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1506-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=183

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