Attention allocation to facial expressions of emotion among persons with Williams and Down syndromes / Karen J. GOLDMAN in Development and Psychopathology, 29-4 (October 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1189-1197 Titre : Attention allocation to facial expressions of emotion among persons with Williams and Down syndromes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karen J. GOLDMAN, Auteur ; Cory SHULMAN, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Rany ABEND, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1189-1197 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with Williams syndrome and those with Down syndrome are both characterized by heightened social interest, although the manifestation is not always similar. Using a dot-probe task, we examined one possible source of difference: allocation of attention to facial expressions of emotion. Thirteen individuals with Williams syndrome (mean age = 19.2 years, range = 10–28.6), 20 with Down syndrome (mean age = 18.8 years, range = 12.1–26.3), and 19 typically developing children participated. The groups were matched for mental age (mean = 5.8 years). None of the groups displayed a bias to angry faces. The participants with Williams syndrome showed a selective bias toward happy faces, whereas the participants with Down syndrome behaved similarly to the typically developing participants with no such bias. Homogeneity in the direction of bias was markedly highest in the Williams syndrome group whose bias appeared to result from enhanced attention capture. They appeared to rapidly and selectively allocate attention toward positive facial expressions. The complexity of social approach behavior and the need to explore other aspects of cognition that may be implicated in this behavior in both syndromes is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001231 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312 [article] Attention allocation to facial expressions of emotion among persons with Williams and Down syndromes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karen J. GOLDMAN, Auteur ; Cory SHULMAN, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Rany ABEND, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur . - p.1189-1197. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1189-1197 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with Williams syndrome and those with Down syndrome are both characterized by heightened social interest, although the manifestation is not always similar. Using a dot-probe task, we examined one possible source of difference: allocation of attention to facial expressions of emotion. Thirteen individuals with Williams syndrome (mean age = 19.2 years, range = 10–28.6), 20 with Down syndrome (mean age = 18.8 years, range = 12.1–26.3), and 19 typically developing children participated. The groups were matched for mental age (mean = 5.8 years). None of the groups displayed a bias to angry faces. The participants with Williams syndrome showed a selective bias toward happy faces, whereas the participants with Down syndrome behaved similarly to the typically developing participants with no such bias. Homogeneity in the direction of bias was markedly highest in the Williams syndrome group whose bias appeared to result from enhanced attention capture. They appeared to rapidly and selectively allocate attention toward positive facial expressions. The complexity of social approach behavior and the need to explore other aspects of cognition that may be implicated in this behavior in both syndromes is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001231 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312

Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1083-1091 Titre : Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1083-1091 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention bias  stress  violence  anxiety  posttraumatic stress  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Threat-related attention bias relates to anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adults and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies examine such associations in young children. This study examines prospective relations among attention bias, trauma exposure, and anxiety and trauma symptoms in a sample previously reported to manifest cross-sectional associations between attention bias and observed anxiety at preschool age. Methods Young children [mean (MN) = 5.0, ±0.7 years, n = 208] from a community-based sample completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases in response to angry faces. At baseline (T1) and at follow-up approximately 9 months later (T2), anxiety and trauma exposure (i.e. violent and noninterpersonal events) and symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Results Neither attention bias nor baseline or recent trauma exposure predicted later anxiety. In contrast, attention bias toward threat and recent trauma exposure significantly predicted later trauma symptoms. There was evidence of symptom specificity such that attention bias toward threat significantly predicted hyperarousal and dissociation, but not avoidance or re-experiencing symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between attention bias and trauma symptoms may differ according to children's experiences of probable abuse. Conclusions Attention profiles and trauma exposure may increase the risk that young children will develop trauma symptoms. Individual differences in these attentional patterns and children's exposure history may impact outcomes among high-risk children with potential implications for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Damion GRASSO, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Joel VOSS, Auteur ; Kimberly J. MCCARTHY, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur . - p.1083-1091. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1083-1091 Mots-clés : Attention bias  stress  violence  anxiety  posttraumatic stress  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Threat-related attention bias relates to anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adults and adolescents, but few longitudinal studies examine such associations in young children. This study examines prospective relations among attention bias, trauma exposure, and anxiety and trauma symptoms in a sample previously reported to manifest cross-sectional associations between attention bias and observed anxiety at preschool age. Methods Young children [mean (MN) = 5.0, ±0.7 years, n = 208] from a community-based sample completed the dot-probe task to assess their attention biases in response to angry faces. At baseline (T1) and at follow-up approximately 9 months later (T2), anxiety and trauma exposure (i.e. violent and noninterpersonal events) and symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Results Neither attention bias nor baseline or recent trauma exposure predicted later anxiety. In contrast, attention bias toward threat and recent trauma exposure significantly predicted later trauma symptoms. There was evidence of symptom specificity such that attention bias toward threat significantly predicted hyperarousal and dissociation, but not avoidance or re-experiencing symptoms. Finally, moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between attention bias and trauma symptoms may differ according to children's experiences of probable abuse. Conclusions Attention profiles and trauma exposure may increase the risk that young children will develop trauma symptoms. Individual differences in these attentional patterns and children's exposure history may impact outcomes among high-risk children with potential implications for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder / Lee PERGAMIN-HIGHT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-11 (November 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-11 (November 2016) . - p.1317-1325 Titre : Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lee PERGAMIN-HIGHT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1317-1325 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  anxiety  attention  treatment trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) targets threat-related attention biases in anxiety disorders. Most clinical trials of ABMT have focused on adults or small samples of youth. The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines ABMT efficacy in youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and tests possible moderators of treatment outcomes. Method Sixty-seven youth with SAD were randomly assigned to ABMT or attention control training (ACT) conditions. Anxiety severity was measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. ClinicalTrials.gov name and identifier: Attention bias modification treatment for children with social anxiety, NCT01397032; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Results Both ABMT and ACT induced significant reductions in clinician and self-rated social anxiety (ps < .001). An additional reduction was observed at the 3-month follow-up in clinician-rated anxiety symptoms (p = .03). Moderation effects were nonsignificant for the clinician-rated anxiety outcome, but age moderated self-reported anxiety. Older but not younger children, showed significant reduction in anxiety following ABMT relative to ACT (p < .001). Individual differences in attention control also moderated ABMT's effect on self-reported anxiety (p = .05). Children rated by their parents as lower on attention control benefited more from ABMT than those rated higher on attention control. Baseline attention bias did not moderate anxiety (p = .17). Conclusions Despite significant reductions in social anxiety, no specific evidence for ABMT was found relative to a control condition. Age and attention control moderated ABMT effects on self-reported SAD symptoms, with clinical effects for older relative to younger children and for those with lower attention control. These results highlight the need to consider developmental influences in the implementation of ABMT protocols. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12599 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lee PERGAMIN-HIGHT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Nathan A. FOX, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur . - p.1317-1325. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-11 (November 2016) . - p.1317-1325 Mots-clés : Adolescence  anxiety  attention  treatment trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) targets threat-related attention biases in anxiety disorders. Most clinical trials of ABMT have focused on adults or small samples of youth. The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines ABMT efficacy in youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and tests possible moderators of treatment outcomes. Method Sixty-seven youth with SAD were randomly assigned to ABMT or attention control training (ACT) conditions. Anxiety severity was measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. ClinicalTrials.gov name and identifier: Attention bias modification treatment for children with social anxiety, NCT01397032; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Results Both ABMT and ACT induced significant reductions in clinician and self-rated social anxiety (ps < .001). An additional reduction was observed at the 3-month follow-up in clinician-rated anxiety symptoms (p = .03). Moderation effects were nonsignificant for the clinician-rated anxiety outcome, but age moderated self-reported anxiety. Older but not younger children, showed significant reduction in anxiety following ABMT relative to ACT (p < .001). Individual differences in attention control also moderated ABMT's effect on self-reported anxiety (p = .05). Children rated by their parents as lower on attention control benefited more from ABMT than those rated higher on attention control. Baseline attention bias did not moderate anxiety (p = .17). Conclusions Despite significant reductions in social anxiety, no specific evidence for ABMT was found relative to a control condition. Age and attention control moderated ABMT effects on self-reported SAD symptoms, with clinical effects for older relative to younger children and for those with lower attention control. These results highlight the need to consider developmental influences in the implementation of ABMT protocols. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12599 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Commentary: Information-processing in anxiety and depression – novel targets for translational research, a reflection on Lau and Waters (2017) / Gal ARAD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-4 (April 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-4 (April 2017) . - p.408-410 Titre : Commentary: Information-processing in anxiety and depression – novel targets for translational research, a reflection on Lau and Waters (2017) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gal ARAD, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.408-410 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding psychopathology in the context of a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach entails the notion that specific individual differences in information processing can serve as both etiologic and maintaining factors in the development of specific disorders. It is posited that such mechanistic understanding of neurocognitive aberrations during development can then serve focused translational efforts in the form of cognitive bias modification treatments. In the review by Lau and Waters (this issue), an astute developmental model is suggested regarding the role of potential neurocognitive mechanisms in depression and anxiety in youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12717 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 [article] Commentary: Information-processing in anxiety and depression – novel targets for translational research, a reflection on Lau and Waters (2017) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gal ARAD, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur . - p.408-410. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-4 (April 2017) . - p.408-410 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding psychopathology in the context of a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach entails the notion that specific individual differences in information processing can serve as both etiologic and maintaining factors in the development of specific disorders. It is posited that such mechanistic understanding of neurocognitive aberrations during development can then serve focused translational efforts in the form of cognitive bias modification treatments. In the review by Lau and Waters (this issue), an astute developmental model is suggested regarding the role of potential neurocognitive mechanisms in depression and anxiety in youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12717 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305

Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety / Jennifer C. BRITTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.678–686 Titre : Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Frederick W. CARVER, Auteur ; Tom HOLROYD, Auteur ; Maxine A. NORCROSS, Auteur ; Allison DETLOFF, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.678–686 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography  ventrolateral prefrontal cortex  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attention biases toward threat are often detected in individuals with anxiety disorders. Threat biases can be measured experimentally through dot-probe paradigms, in which individuals detect a probe following a stimulus pair including a threat. On these tasks, individuals with anxiety tend to detect probes that occur in a location previously occupied by a threat (i.e., congruent) faster than when opposite threats (i.e., incongruent). In pediatric anxiety disorders, dot-probe paradigms detect abnormal attention biases toward threat and abnormal ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) function. However, it remains unclear if this aberrant vlPFC activation occurs while subjects process threats (e.g., angry faces) or, alternatively, while they process and respond to probes. This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study was designed to answer this question. Methods:  Adolescents with either generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, n = 17) or no psychiatric diagnosis (n = 25) performed a dot-probe task involving angry and neutral faces while MEG data were collected. Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry (SAM) beamformer technique was used to determine whether there were group differences in power ratios while subjects processed threats (i.e., angry vs. neutral faces) or when subjects responded to incongruent versus. congruent probes. Results:  Group differences in vlPFC activation during the response period emerged with a 1–30 Hz frequency band. No group differences in vlPFC activation were detected in response to angry-face cues. Conclusions:  In the dot-probe task, anxiety-related perturbations in vlPFC activation reflect abnormal attention control when responding to behaviorally relevant probes, but not to angry faces. Given that motor responses to these probes are used to calculate threat bias, this study provides insight into the pathophysiology reflected in this commonly used marker of anxiety. In addition, this finding may inform the development of novel anxiety-disorder treatments targeting the vlPFC to enhance attention control to task-relevant demands. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02503.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Frederick W. CARVER, Auteur ; Tom HOLROYD, Auteur ; Maxine A. NORCROSS, Auteur ; Allison DETLOFF, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.678–686. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.678–686 Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography  ventrolateral prefrontal cortex  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attention biases toward threat are often detected in individuals with anxiety disorders. Threat biases can be measured experimentally through dot-probe paradigms, in which individuals detect a probe following a stimulus pair including a threat. On these tasks, individuals with anxiety tend to detect probes that occur in a location previously occupied by a threat (i.e., congruent) faster than when opposite threats (i.e., incongruent). In pediatric anxiety disorders, dot-probe paradigms detect abnormal attention biases toward threat and abnormal ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) function. However, it remains unclear if this aberrant vlPFC activation occurs while subjects process threats (e.g., angry faces) or, alternatively, while they process and respond to probes. This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study was designed to answer this question. Methods:  Adolescents with either generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, n = 17) or no psychiatric diagnosis (n = 25) performed a dot-probe task involving angry and neutral faces while MEG data were collected. Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry (SAM) beamformer technique was used to determine whether there were group differences in power ratios while subjects processed threats (i.e., angry vs. neutral faces) or when subjects responded to incongruent versus. congruent probes. Results:  Group differences in vlPFC activation during the response period emerged with a 1–30 Hz frequency band. No group differences in vlPFC activation were detected in response to angry-face cues. Conclusions:  In the dot-probe task, anxiety-related perturbations in vlPFC activation reflect abnormal attention control when responding to behaviorally relevant probes, but not to angry faces. Given that motor responses to these probes are used to calculate threat bias, this study provides insight into the pathophysiology reflected in this commonly used marker of anxiety. In addition, this finding may inform the development of novel anxiety-disorder treatments targeting the vlPFC to enhance attention control to task-relevant demands. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02503.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Lasting associations between early-childhood temperament and late-adolescent reward-circuitry response to peer feedback / Amanda E. GUYER in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)  

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Research Review: attention bias modification (ABM): a novel treatment for anxiety disorders / Yair BAR-HAIM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-8 (August 2010)  

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Stability and Change of Attachment at 14, 24, and 58 Months of Age: Behavior, Representation, and Life Events / Yair BAR-HAIM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-3 (March 2000)

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Training anxious children to disengage attention from threat: a randomized controlled trial / Yair BAR-HAIM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-8 (August 2011)  

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